八年级下期末英语语法复习课件-现在完成时时-PDF.pdf

现在完成时现在完成时 一 基本结构 一 基本结构 主语主语 助动词助动词have has 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 肯 肯 e g I You havestudied He She It has studied We You They have studied 否 否 主语主语 助动词助动词 haven t 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 hasn t I You have not haven t studied He She It has not hasn t studied We You They have not haven t studied have not haven t has not hasn t 疑 问 疑 问 助动词助动词 Have 主语主语 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 Has e g 1 Have you studied Yes I have No I haven t 2 Has he she it studied Yes he she it has No he she it hasn t 3 Have you they studied Yes we they have No we they haven t 回答回答 Yes 主语主语 have has No 主语主语 haven t hasn t 练一练练一练 1 句型转换句型转换 I have written my postcard 否 否 一般疑问及回答 一般疑问及回答 I haven t written my postcard Have you written your postcard Yes I have No I haven t I haven t finished my homework Have you finished your homework Yes I have No I haven t I have finished my homework 2 用现在完成时连词成句用现在完成时连词成句 I finish homework 2 动词的过去分词 规则变化与不规则变化动词的过去分词 规则变化与不规则变化 finish finished finished live lived lived stop stopped stopped carry carried carried 1加加ed 2加加d 3要双写 要双写 4 注意 注意 y变成变成ied 特殊形式特殊记 特殊形式特殊记 1 规则变化与过去式相同规则变化与过去式相同 2 不规则变化不规则变化 am is are become cut do fly go keep run was been were been became become cut cut did done flew flown went gone kept kept ran run write drive come buy bring take make sit feed wrote written drove driven came come bought bought brought brought took taken made made sat sat fed fed 二二 现在完成时的主要用法 现在完成时的主要用法 一 一 It s so dark Someone has turned off the light 有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了 对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是 现在很黑现在很黑 Are you free I have finished my homework I am free 我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业 对现在造成的对现在造成的 结果是很有空结果是很有空 1 1 用法用法 表示过去发生的某一动作表示过去发生的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果 对现在造成的影响或结果 汉语中常用 已经 过 了 等表达汉语中常用 已经 过 了 等表达 通通 常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just already before yet never ever so far recently等状语连用 等状语连用 例如 例如 I have never heard of that before Have you ever ridden a horse She has already finished the work Have you milked the cow yet Yes I have done that already I ve just lost my math book 2 常用时间状语常用时间状语 already 和和 yet的用法的用法 already 已经已经通常用于肯定句中或句末通常用于肯定句中或句末 yet 已经 还已经 还通常用于疑问句和否定句末通常用于疑问句和否定句末 我已经找到了我的尺子 我已经找到了我的尺子 I have found my ruler I have found my ruler 否定句否定句 I haven t found my ruler 一般疑问句一般疑问句 Have you found your ruler already already yet yet 练一练练一练 1 我已经看过这部电影 我已经看过这部电影 I the film 2 你已经浇过花了吗 你已经浇过花了吗 you the flowers 3 他刚刚完成了家庭作业 他刚刚完成了家庭作业 He his homework 4 我们曾经去过五仙山 我们曾经去过五仙山 We to the Wuxian Hills 5 李雷从不抽烟 李雷从不抽烟 Li Lei haveseen Have have watered finished been smoked has has already yet just ever never 表示表示过去某一时间已经开始 持续到现在过去某一时间已经开始 持续到现在 也许还会继续进行下去 动作或状态 常 也许还会继续进行下去 动作或状态 常 和表示和表示一段时间状语一段时间状语 如 如since 过去的时间过去的时间 点点 for 时间段等连用 时间段等连用 注意 句中谓语动词要用延续性动词注意 句中谓语动词要用延续性动词 现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法 二 二 一段时间的表达方法有两种一段时间的表达方法有两种 1 for 一段时间一段时间 eg I English 我学英语已经两年了 我学英语已经两年了 for a year for two weeks for three years for two years have studied 过去的某一时刻过去的某一时刻 一般过去时态的时间状语从句一般过去时态的时间状语从句 2 since They in Beijing 他们自 年就一直住在北京 他们自 年就一直住在北京 We ve known each other we children 我们从小就认识 我们从小就认识 since last week since 3 years ago since nine since 2008 since you came to China since you got home since 1980 have lived sincewere 注意注意 for 和和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段所引导的时间状语都表示一段 时间时间 有时可进行转换 有时可进行转换 对它们提问都用短语 对它们提问都用短语 如 如 对划线部分提问对划线部分提问 1 He has lived here since 2004 He has lived here He has lived here has he lived here 2 I have studied English for 3 years I have studied English have you studied English for ten years since ten years ago since 3 years ago How long How long How long 同义句 同义句 练习练习 一 一 选用选用 for和和 since填空填空 1 We haven t seen each other a long time 2 His father has been in the Party 10 years ago 3 The film has been on 20 minutes 4 Mr Green has worked here he came to China 5 His grandparents have been dead several years 6 It s five years we met last time forfor forfor forfor sincesince sincesince sincesince 1 我学习英语达到我学习英语达到3年了 年了 I English have learned 2 自从自从9点钟以来 我们就在这儿等他 点钟以来 我们就在这儿等他 We for him have waited 3 自从两周前以来 他就在练习打篮球 自从两周前以来 他就在练习打篮球 He basketball has practiced 4 自从自从Lucy来中国以来 她就结交了许多朋友 来中国以来 她就结交了许多朋友 Lucy many friends has made for 3 years since 9 00 since 2 weeks ago since she came to China 1 1 她成为一名护士已经三年了 她成为一名护士已经三年了 2 2 我五年前就认识李雷了 我五年前就认识李雷了 3 3 那些相片我已经寄给他了 那些相片我已经寄给他了 postpost 4 4 我来到这个学校后 他就一直教我 我来到这个学校后 他就一直教我 5 5 我刚丢了我的历史书 我刚丢了我的历史书 She has been a nurse for three years I have known Lilei since five years ago I have already posted the photos to him He has taught me since I came to the school I have just lost my history book 三 延续性动词和终止性三 延续性动词和终止性 瞬间瞬间 动词动词 英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型 一是英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型 一是 延续性的动词延续性的动词 二是 二是终止性终止性 瞬间瞬间 动词动词 延续性动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成 延续性动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成 而是可以延续 发展的动词 如 而是可以延续 发展的动词 如 work read write study等 等 这些动词的完成时可以和一段时间状语连用 这些动词的完成时可以和一段时间状语连用 eg I have studied for two hours 终止性终止性 瞬间瞬间 动词是指那些动作一次完成 不能动词是指那些动作一次完成 不能 延续的动词 如 延续的动词 如 come go buy die join begin等等 这些动词的肯定式不能和段时间状语连用 这些动词的肯定式不能和段时间状语连用 终止性终止性 瞬间瞬间 动词可以用于现在完成时 但不能动词可以用于现在完成时 但不能 和表示一段时间的状语连用 和表示一段时间的状语连用 如可说 如可说 He has left She has come back 但不能说 但不能说 He has left for three years She has come back for two days 如果要表达如果要表达 1 他已走了三年了他已走了三年了 2 她已经回来两天了她已经回来两天了 可用以下几种表达法 可用以下几种表达法 1 用含用含ago等过去时间状语的一般过去时等过去时间状语的一般过去时 1 He left here three years ago 2 She came back two days ago 2 It is 一段时间 一段时间 since 一般过去时从句 一般过去时从句 1 It is three years since he left here 2 It is two days since he came back 3 一段时间 一段时间 has passed since 一般过去时从句一般过去时从句 1 Three years has passed since he left here 2 Two days has passed since she came back 以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词 以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词 4 另外 还可用其它表示方法 但只适用于部分另外 还可用其它表示方法 但只适用于部分 瞬间动词 具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表瞬间动词 具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续延续 的动词的动词或者或者表状态的表状态的be 名词名词 形容词或副词形容词或副词 介介 词短语词短语等 等 1 直接转化成延续性动词直接转化成延续性动词 buy catch get a cold borrow come go become have have a cold keep be 2 转换成转换成be 名词名词 join join the army join the Party go to school be a soldier be a Party member be a student 3 转换成转换成 be 形容词或副词形容词或副词 die leave begin finish open close fall sleep be dead be away be on be over be open be closed be asleep be in be a member of 4 转换成转换成 be 介词短语介词短语 go to school join the army be in at school be in the army 终止性动词完成时的否定式终止性动词完成时的否定式表示一种否定表示一种否定 状态是可以延续的 所以其否定式可以和状态是可以延续的 所以其否定式可以和 段时间状语连用 段时间状语连用 如 如 I haven t seen him for ages 我好久我好久 没见到他了 现在仍没见到他 没见到他了 现在仍没见到他 1 他来中国半年了 他来中国半年了 He comes China for half a year 改为 改为 2 李雷买这本字典李雷买这本字典3天了 天了 Li Lei has bought a dictionary for 3years 改为 改为 3 他的爷爷去世他的爷爷去世3年了 年了 His grandpa has died for 3 years 改 改 练一练练一练 has been in had been dead 同义句转换同义句转换 我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了 We the book for three years We the book three years ago 他感冒三天了 他感冒三天了 He a cold for three days He a cold three days ago have had bought has had caught 自从上星期以来自从上星期以来 我就借了这本书我就借了这本书 I the book since last week I the book last week 我成为一个学生两年多了 我成为一个学生两年多了 I a student for over two years I a student two years ago have kept borrowed have been became Mr Black死了三年了 死了三年了 Mr Black for three years Mr Black three years ago 小明参军半年了 小明参军半年了 Xiao Ming for half a year Xiao Ming the army half a year ago has been dead died has been a soldier joined 翻翻 译译 练练 习 习 1 1 我买了这块手表五年了 我买了这块手表五年了 2 2 这位老人已经死了十年了 这位老人已经死了十年了 I have bought this watch for five years I have had this watch for five years since 5 years ago The old man has died for ten years The old man has been dead for ten years since 10 years ago W W 3 3 他已经回来三天了 他已经回来三天了 4 4 自从六点钟他就来这儿了 自从六点钟他就来这儿了 5 5 我离开家乡已十年了 我离开家乡已十年了 He has come back for 3 days He has been back for 3 days since 3 days ago He has come here since 6 o clock He has been here since 6 o clock I have left hometown for 10 years I have been away from hometown for 10 years W W W 四 四 have gone to have been to have been in 1 主语主语 have has gone to 某地某地 某人已经去某地了某人已经去某地了 2 主语主语 have has been to 某地某地 某人曾经到过某地某人曾经到过某地 主语主语 have has been in 某地某地 for 时间时间 某人去某地多久了某人去某地多久了 He Beijing 他已经去北京了 他已经去北京了 He Beijing twice 他曾去过北京两次 他曾去过北京两次 He Beijing for 3 days 他去北京三天他去北京三天 了 了 has gone to has been to has been in 1 Mike and his parents the north for half a year 2 Mum is not at home now she the shop 3 you ever to kunming Never 4 Where you these days 5 Has Jim arrived yet Yes he here for several days 6 Where is Peter I don t know where he 7 Hi Jim Where you Li Lei is looking for you have been in has gone to have been Have been has been has gone have been 用用Have been to have gone to have been in 填空填空 1 她曾去过南京吗 她曾去过南京吗 Has she ever been to Nanjing 2 你以前从未去过那儿 是吗 你以前从未去过那儿 是吗 You have never been there have you 3 我去过桂林 我去年去的 我去过桂林 我去年去的 I have been to Guilin I went there last year 4 她已经去南京了 她已经去南京了 She has gone to Nanjing 五 一般过去时与现在完成时之比较五 一般过去时与现在完成时之比较 1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或 单纯叙述过去的事情 强调单纯叙述过去的事情 强调动作动作 和现 和现 在不发生关系 在不发生关系 而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果 强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果 强调的是现现 在的在的情况情况 请大家认真分析比较下列各例句 请大家认真分析比较下列各例句 1 I saw this film yesterday 只说明动作发生在过去 只说明动作发生在过去 I have seen this film 强调对现在的影响 电影的内容已经知道了强调对现在的影响 电影的内容已经知道了 2 She has returned from Paris She returned yesterday 3 He has been in the League for three years 在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续 He joined the League three years ago 三年前入团 三年前入团 joined为短暂行为 为短暂行为 她已从巴黎回来了她已从巴黎回来了 她是昨天回来的 她是昨天回来的 2 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用 而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用 而 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用 或无时间状语 或无时间状语 1 一般过去时的时间状语有 一般过去时的时间状语有 yesterday last week ago in1980 in October just now 等等具体具体的时间状语 的时间状语 2 现在完成时的时间状语有 现在完成时的时间状语有 for since ever never just already yet in past years等等不确定不确定的时间状语 的时间状语 注意 注意 句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词 如句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词 如 yesterday last week in 1960 时 不能使用现在 时 不能使用现在 完成时 要用过去时 完成时 要用过去时 例如 例如 Tom has written a letter to his parents last night Tom a letter to his parents last night 1 我们上周完成了我们的工作 我们上周完成了我们的工作 We our work last week 2 飞机十分钟前起飞了 飞机十分钟前起飞了 The plane ten minutes ago 3 昨天 她们去游泳了 昨天 她们去游泳了 They yesterday W finished took off went swimming wrote 改改 错错 1 How long have you begun to study English 2 I have borrowed this book for two weeks 3 The river has become very dirty since last August 4 Our manager is away today He has been to Guangzhou on business 5 He has gone out for two years studied kept been gone been 1 A I my purse lose B What a pity When you it lose A I it this morning lose 2 A I have watched the game B When you it A have watched B do watch C did watch 3 A Ann has gone to Shanghai B So her parents 填词 填词 4 You ve never seen such a wonderful film before A haven t you B have you C do you have lost lost did lose C have B 1 他去过两次泸州 他去过两次泸州 He Luzhou 2 他们去了办公室 将很快回来 他们去了办公室 将很快回来 They the office They back soon 3 他在中国四年了 他在中国四年了 He China four years has been totwice has been in have gone to will come for 4 自从两年前以来 我就买了这块手表 自从两年前以来 我就买了这块手表 I the watch two years 5 他已经离开一小时了 他已经离开一小时了 He an hour have had agosince has been away for 1 Mr Green in China since five years ago A lived B has lived C lives 2 His grandma for two years A died B has been dead C has died 3 A Where is Han Mei now B She to Shanghai She will be back in two days A has gone B has been C goes B B A 4 A to the United Stated 填词 填词 B No never but I went to Canada a few years ago 5 You haven t changed your mind A do you B are you C have you 6 How long have you the football team of the school A been on B been C joined D played 7 How long have you this book A bought B borrowed C had D lent C Have you been A C 8 Where have you these days I have to Beijing with my friends A been gone B been been C gone been D gone gone 9 Excuse me you seen the film yet Yes I it last night A have see B have have seen C have seen D have saw 10 He has never ridden a horse before A is he B isn t C hasn t D has he B D D 中考连接中考连接 1 I have posted a letter to my penfriend in America A already B yet C for two days 2 You have never heard such a story you A haven t B don t C have 3 His grandma for many years A died B has died C has been dead A C C 4 Have you ever eat fish Yes I have A B C D 改错 改错 5 I my grandmother since two years ago A don t see B see C haven t seen D saw 6 Lin Tao s been to Shanghai and so his sister A is B was C has D does B 改为改为 eaten C C 7 Jack has a watch He it for two years A has had B has bought C got D bought A 8 How many English words you since you came to our school A have learned B do learn C will learn D did learn 9 他们已经派人他们已经派人 去去 请医生请医生 了 了 They a doctor A A have already sent for 10 Our English teacher isn t here She has Shanghai A been B gone C been to D gone to 11 We have learned English for three years 对划线部分提问对划线部分提问 you English 12 从两年前起他就在这儿 从两年前起他就在这儿 He since two years D How long have learned has been hereago 13 How long you here since you came to China A did live B do live C have lived D will live 14 Ann s already read this story book 改为否定句改为否定句 Ann read this story book 15 Miss White went to tell Jim to put his heart into the lesson Jim s face went red From then on Jim has looked out of the window C hasn tyet nevernot A Good morning doctor B Goodmorning What s with you boy A I have had a headache and a I m feeling weak now B How have you been like this A Ever last week B Have you your temperature A Yes my mother did She said it was not very high 完成对话完成对话 wrong fever cough long since taken 1 You ve never seen such a wonderful film before A haven t you B have you C do you D don t you 2 I have watched the game When you it A have watched B do watch C did watch D will watch B C 3 Mr Green in China since five years ago A lived B has lived C lives D is going to live 4 His grandma for two years A died B has died C was dead D has been dead B D 5 Where is Han Mei now She to Shanghai She will be back in two days A has gone B has been C goes D had gone 6 you to the United Stated No never but I went to Canada a few years ago A Have been B Have gone C Did go D Do go 7 You haven t changed your mind A do you B are you C have you D did you 8 How long have you the football team of the school A played B been at C joined D been on A A C D 9 Where have you these days I have to Kunming with my friends A been gone B been been C gone been D gone gone 10 How long have you this book A bought B borrowed C had D lent 11 Excuse me you seen the film yet Yes I it last night A have see B have have seen C have seen D have saw 12 He has never ridden a horse before A is he B isn t he C hasn t he D has he B C D D 13 Where is your father He Australia and be Sydney for two weeks A has been to has been in B has gone to has been in C has been in has been to D has gone to has been to 14 In the past few years there great changes in my home town A have been B were C had been D are 15 you ever to the United States Yes twice A Have gone B Have been C Do go D Were going B A B 16 Is your father a Party member Yes he the Party three years ago He a Party member for three years A has joined has been B joined has been C joined was D was joined is 17 Have you got ready for the trip No not but I ve booked the air ticket A yet already yet B already already already C yet yet already D already yet yet B C 18 Where is your teacher He to Korea He there twice before A has gone has been B has gone has gone C has been has gone D has been has been 19 The film Harry Potter is really interesting Yeah I it twice A have seen B see C will see D had seen A A 20 How long have you from the USA For two weeks A come back B returned C got back D been back 21 He this dictionary for 5 years He it in 2004 A has bought bought B bought bought C has kept has bought D has had bought D D 23 I the book to the li