关系代名词.docx

Unit 4 关系代名词（谢孟媛初级文法 国三 第43集48集）第43集关系代名词的功用连接词+代名词例：1. I have a friend. The friend lives in Paris. (我有一位住在巴黎的朋友。)I have a friend and he lives in Paris. I have a friend who lives in Paris. 国语：住在巴黎的朋友英语：a friend who lives in Paris语顺为先行词+关系代名词, 但也有下列句子：例：There was an old man in the apartment who was very rich.(这公寓以前住着一位非常富有的老人。)2. I met two girls, one of whom is my cousin. (我遇到两位女孩, 其中一位是我表妹。)关系代名词的种类格先行词主格所有格受格人whowhoseWhom事物、动物whichwhoseWhich人、事物、动物thatThat格的用法格例主格+动词the man who talked to me所有格+动词the man whose car was stolen受格+主词+动词the man whom I met第44集主格的关系代名词(1)主格who先行词(人)+主格关系代名词who +动词例：1. The man is my father. The man wears sunglasses.The man who wears sunglasses is my father. (戴太阳眼镜的人是我爸。)2. I dont like people. They get out of temper easily.I dont like people who get out of temper easily. (我不喜欢容易发脾气的人。)(2)主格which先行词 (事物、动物)+主格关系代名词which +动词例：1. I live in the house. The house stands on the hill.（hill 不高的山、山丘）I live in the house which stands on the hill. (我住在那栋位于山丘上的房子里。)2. English is a language. It is spoken all over the world. English is a language which is spoken all over the world. (英语是全世界通用的语言。)(3)主格关代that+先行词(人、事物；动物)+主格关系代名词that+动词例：1. People, who / that help doctors and look after patients are called nurses. (patient n.病人；adj 有耐心的 ex:be patientbe a good patient)(帮忙医生照顾病人的人称为护士。)（I am Mary,My name is Mary,I am called Mary）2. I like the building which / that was designed by Mr. Wu. (我喜欢这栋被吴先生设计出来的大楼。)(design-designer;teach-teacher;drive-driver;swim-swimmer)第45集主格的关系代名词其后所接的动词, 须与先行词的单复数一致。例：l. Tom is one of the boys who are fond of sports. (汤姆是那些喜欢运动的男孩其中之一。)（be font of = like）2. I know a child who is good at surfing. (我认识一位很会冲浪的小孩。)(be good at 精通；surf the internet 上网）3. Adults dont like children who tell lies. (大人不喜欢会说谎的小孩。)that的不同用法(1)指示代名词例：The weather in Kaohsiung is hotter than that in Taipei. (高雄的天气比台北的天气热。)(2)指示形容词例：Look at that dog. (看那只狗。)(3)关系代名词例：The boy that is playing the guitar is Jimmy. (正在弹吉他的男孩是吉米。)（play the + 乐器；play + 运动名称 ）(4)连接词例：I think that honesty is the best policy. (我认为诚实为上策。)所有格的关系代名词所有格whose先行词(人；事物；动物)+所有格关系代名词whose+名词例：1. I know a girl. Her father is a journalist. （journalist 新闻记者；reportor 普通记者）I know a girl whose father is a journalist. (我认识一位她的爸爸是新闻记者的女孩。)2. Look at the house. Its roof was damaged. Look at the house whose roof was damaged. (看那栋屋顶破损的房子。)受格的关系代名词(1)受格whom先行词(人)+受格关系代名词whom +主词 +动词+(介系词)口语中, 受格关代whom也可用who代替。例：1. The man is a teacher. She married him. The man whom / who she married is a teacher. (她嫁的对象是位老师)（不能说teacher Wang, 可以说 Mr. Wang, Mrs. Wang, Miss Wang）2. The woman has just left the office. You want to see her.The woman whom / who you want to see has just left the office. (那位你要见的女人刚刚离开办公室。)(2)受格which先行词(事物；动物)+受格关系代名词which +主词+动词+ (介系词)例：1. Here is a magazine. I borrowed it from Miss Wang.Here is a magazine which I borrowed from Miss Wang. (这里有一本我向王老师借的杂志。)2. Remember the advice. I gave you the advice.(a piece of advice; two pieces of advice) Remember the advice which I gave you. (记得我给你的忠告。)第46集(3)受格that先行词(人；事物；动物)+受格关系代名词that +主词+动词+(介系词)例：1. The little girl is very cute. My dad is talking to her. The little girl that / whom / who my dad is talking to is very cute. (正和我爸聊天的小女孩非常可爱。)2. The sandwiches that / which we ate for lunch were not delicious. (我们午餐吃的三明治不好吃。)特别注意的关系代名词(1)受格的关系代名词可省略例：Soccer is the sport which / that I like (the) best. Soccer is the sport I like (the )best. (足球是我最喜欢的运动。)(2)介系词+受格关系代名词例：1. The woman whom / that you are speaking of is our principal. The woman you are speaking of is our principal.The woman of whom you are speaking is our principal.(你提到的女人是我们的校长。)介系词放关系代名词前, 关代不可用that, 也不可省略。2. The train which / that I am waiting for is half an hour late. The train I am waiting for is half an hour late.The train for which I am waiting is half an hour late.(我在等的这班火车现在已经误点半小时了。)(3)关系代名词只用that先行词前有最高级例：Today is the coldest day (that) weve ever experienced. (今天是我们经历过最寒冷的一天。)先行词前有序数例：Kenny was the first boy that rushed out of the classroom. (肯尼是首位冲出教室的男孩)(rush out 冲出去、rush out of the classroom 冲出教室；He stands in front、He stands in front of me; Thank you a lot、a lot of homework; of 这个介系词是为接对象，没有对象就不用它)（rush hour(s) 上下班高峰期） 第47集先行词为人、事物或动物同时出现例：Take a look at the boy and his dog that are coming this way. (看看朝这边走来的男孩和他的狗。)（take + n. 表示一种行为或动作：take a trip, take a shower, take a look ）先行词前有疑问词who(谁)、which(哪一个)例：l. Who that has seen the photos of starving children does not want to help them?(starve vi 非常饥饿、hungry adj )(文法规定：不确定单、复数时，要用单数来表现）(在看过那些受饥饿的小孩照片之后有谁不想帮助他们的吗?)2. Which was the bag that you left in the train? (你遗留的火车上的袋子是那一个？)先行词有all, no, every, any, thing, one（no/every/any）例：1. All (that) / What students have to do is (to) study hard. (学生必须做的事就是用功读书。)2. She has everything that a woman could wish for. (她拥有每样身为女人渴望拥有的东西。)先行词前有the only, the same, the very(正是）例：l. He was the only one that trusted me. (他是唯一相信我的人。)2. This is the very novel that Ive looked for. (这正是我一直在找的小说。)口诀：1. 最高级、序数、人+物、避免重复。2. all, no, every, any, the(4)限定用法及非限定用法限定用法对先行词的内容加以限定例：They had two daughters who became actresses.（actor 男演员、actress 女演员）(他们有两位当了演员的女儿。) 句中未提到女儿的总数非限定用法对先行词不加限定, 仅有使句子连贯的功能。例：They had two daughters, who became actresses. (他们有两位女儿, 都当了演员。) 明确地表明只有两位女儿比较：限定1. 没有逗号2. 可用that代替3. 受格关代可省略The old man has a son who/that lives in Taipei. 不只一个儿子非限定1. 有逗号2. 不可用that代替3. 关代不可省略The old man has a son, who lives in Taipei. 只有一个儿子例：1. I, who am your best friend, certainly will help you. (我身为你最好的朋友, 一定会帮你。)2. My brother, who is a dentist, is studying in the US. (我的哥哥是位牙医, 现在正在美国进修。)第48集(5)关系代名词的同义表现名词+主格关系代名词+动词名词+现在分词(主动)例：There is a notice that says, No parking.There is a notice saying, No parking. (有个告示牌上面写着禁止停车。)名词+主格关系代名词+be动词+过去分词名词+过去分词(被动)例：This is a cake which was made by Mrs. White.This is a cake made by Mrs. White. (这是由怀特太太所做的蛋糕。)名词+who +have / has / had. 名词+ with / having. 例：)/She is a girl who has blond hair.She is a girl having blond hair.She is a girl with blond hair. (她是位有金发的女孩。)修饰名词的字、片语、子句(1)置于名词前的形容词、分词（一个字的）形容词+名词例：a red flower (一朵红花)（一个字）现在分词+名词表进行或主动。例：a blooming flower (朵盛开的花)