状语从句高考备考.doc

高考备考指导:状语从句 状语从句在句中起状语作用，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。按其作用和意义可分为时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较、地点等九种。这些状语从句高中课本均有涉及，掌握其用法对我们学好主从复合句非常重要。 时间状语从句。常用的引导词有 when , while , as , as soon as , before , after , since , until ( till ) , hardly when , no sooner . thaknn 等。 时态呼应。多数时间状语从句和主句的时态呼应比较明显，容易掌握。这里只说两点：其一，状语从句用一般现在时表将来。如：She will get married when she meets the right man。其二，在表“刚就”的句型 hardly . . . when 和 no sooner . . . than . . . 中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时，如果否定词置于句首，主句可用倒装结构。如：Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise . when 和 while 的选择。when 既可引导“点”时间，也可引导“段”时间。而 while 只能引导“段”时间。如：While I was reading she came in . ( 段时间，while 可换成 when ) / When the clock struck twelve , all the lights went out . ( 点时间，只能用 when ) 。 until ( till ) 的用法。这两个词一般可互换，但 until 语气较强，可置于句首。另外还要注意，当主句的动词是延续性动词，要用肯定形式，表“到为止”。如：Wait until he comes . 当主句动词为终止性动词，要用否定形式，表“直到才”。如：Dont leave until he comes . since 的难点。since 引导的状语从句中，动词可以是延续性的也可以是终止性的，都表示状态或动作的结束。这一点在理解时要特别注意。如：Great changes have taken place since you left . ( 终止性 ) It is years since he was in Beijing . ( was 是延续性，应理解为 was “在”这个状态的结果，即“自他离开北京以来”，而非字面上的“自他在北京以来”。 ) 复习状语从句的用法。特别注意状语从句的时态应用： 在时间状语或条件状语从句中，若主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，那么从句有以下时态： 1 . 用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如：-Can I join the club , Dad ? - You can when you _ a bit older . A . get B . will get C . are getting D . will have get 2 . 用现在完成时表示将来完成时。如： We wont climb up the mountain until rain _ . A . stopped B . stops C . has stopped D . is stopped no sooner than , hardly when 引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词常用一 般过去时，主句用过去完成时。 No sooner had she seen the news than she fainted . (她一看到这个消息就晕倒了。) Hardly had they started to work when the trouble began . (她们一开始工作，问题就来了。) 由 when , as , while 引导的状语从句，在过去时间范畴内，谓语动词有如下时态： 1 . 若主句的谓语动词表示短暂的动作，而从句的动作可以持续一段时间时，主句的谓语动词用一般过去时，从句的谓语动词用过去进行时。如： My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself . A . fell ; was riding B . fell ; rode C . had fallen ; rode D . had fallen ; was riding Tom _ into the house when no one _ . A . slipped ; was looking B .had slipped ; looked C . slipped ; has looked D . was slipping ; looked As she _ the newspaper , Granny _ asleep . A . read ; was falling B.was reading ; fell C. was reading ; was falling D . read ; fell 2 . 由 when 引导的状语从句，若主句谓语是持续动词，从句谓语是非持续性动词，则主句用过去时，从句用一般过去时。如： The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office . A . had written ; left B . were writing ; has left C . had written ; had left D . were writing ; had left 由 since 引导的时间状语从句，主从复合句中的谓语动词有如下状态： since 时间从句中的动词大多用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；如果主句表示时间的 it作主语，则多用一般现在时(也可以用现在完成时)。如： How have you been since I saw you last time ? (自从我上次见到你以后，你一向还好吗 ? ) It is (has been)just a month since he arrived here . (他来这里已经有一月了。) It is five years since I lived in Nanchang . (自从我不住在南昌以来已经5年了。) It is five years since I began to live in Nanchang . (自从我住在南昌以来已经5年了。) I havent heard from him since I lived in Nancang . (自从我离开南昌以来，已经5年了。) 含 before 引导的状语从句，如果从句的谓语为一般过去时，那么主句谓语可用过去完成时，有时也用一般过去时。如： That was long before I came . (那是我来以前很久的事了。) We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain . (我们刚离开学校时，天就下雨了。) 在由 by the time 引导的状语从句中，当谓语用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时。 BY the time you come home next time . the building will have been finished . (到下次你回来的时候，这陈楼房就建起来了。) 原因状语从句。常用的引导词有 because , since , as。 难点1：because , since 和 as 的用法。because 表达一种充分理由，因果关系明显，语气较重，可回答 why 引导的问句，常置于主句之后 ( 强调时也可置主句前 ) 。而 since 和 as 指的是双方都知道的原因，语气较弱，不能用来回答 why 引导的问句，一般放在句子的开头。请注意领会下列句子。 I married her , not because she was rich , but because she was good - natured , clever and beautiful . Since you dont understand , I will explain it again . 关于表原因的连词 for。一般语法家把 for 看作并列连词，引导并列分句，功用与 because 等从属连词不同。这一点不必细究，但要明白，for 引导的分句，主要是补充说明原因，解释另一分句，不可回答 why 的问句。如 : He felt no fear , for he is brave . 目的状语从句。常用的引导词有 so that , that , in order that 等，放在主句之后。从句转换成不定式。目的状语从句可以转换为不定式，但只有主句和从句主语一致时，才能直接转换。例如：He works hard in order that he can serve the country well . ( 主从句主语一致可改为：He works hard in order to serve the country well . ) 结果状语从句。引导词有 so that , such that , 等。放在主句之后，主句表原因，从句表结果。 so 和 such 的用法。so 是副词，后面跟形容词或副词。而 such 是形容词，后跟名词 ( 组 ) 。但当名词被表数量的 many , much , few , little 修饰时，要用 so。例如：There were so many people in the street that we could hardly get through . 另外，可数名词单数，有形容词修饰，可把形容词提到不定冠词前，用 so 修饰形容词。例如：It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it . = It is so heavy a box that nobody can move it . 条件状语从句。主要引导词有 if , unless ( if not ) , as ( so ) long as ( 只要 ) 等。表将来，从句要用现在时态。如：You will fail unless you work harder . 条件的真实性。英语中，条件可分为真实条件和假设条件两种。如果不可能或可能性不大，属于假设条件，需要用虚拟语气。 让步状语从句。主要引导词有 although ( though ) , as , even if , however , whatever , no matter who ( what ) 等。 让步状语从句的倒装。由 as , though 引导的让步状语从句比较特殊，常使用倒装语序，即将表语或状语提前。如果表语是可数名词单数，要省略不定冠词。例如： Rich as he is , I dont envy him . Child as he is , he knows a lot . 方式状语从句。引导词有 as if ( though ) , as , the way 等。 as if 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。如 : He is talking about the moon as if he had really been there . 但在 It looks as if, It seems as if 句型中常用陈述语气。如：It looks as if he is coming . the way 的用法。the way 后面的引导词常用 that 引导，而且经常省略。一般不用 in which 引导。例如：We didnt like the way _ he treated us . A . which B . where C . that D . in which。此题答案应该是C。 地点状语从句。主要引导词有 where , wherever , anywhere , everywhere 等。 Where there is a will , there is a way . I will meet you anywhere you like . Make marks where you have any questions . 比较状语从句。常用 The more the more , as 或 than 引导。 I know more about it than he does . The more we can do for you , the happier we will be . 学习状语从句的两点注意： 连词的误用。由于受汉语的影响，同学们常犯的错有 Because so , Since so , Although ( Though ) but 这些连词被重复使用了，应该任去一个。另外，状语从句和主句决不能用 and 连接。如 If you leave it with me , and I will take care of it . 此句应去掉连词 and , 98NMET 第18题就考查了这个问题。 状语从句的省略。状主事从句有很多省略情况。其中时间状语、地点状语、条件状 语、方式状语从句常可省略句中主语和 be 动词而只保留