艺考生课程——完型填空 第五十六讲动词及动词词组.docx

2015年学大教育艺考生课程完型填空 第五十六讲动词及动词词组适用学科高中英语适用年级高中三年级适用区域全国通用课时时长（分钟）60分钟知识点考查动词词义辨析近义动词辨析动词与其宾语的固定搭配动词与其宾补的固定搭配同根动词短语的辨析同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析 “动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析教学目标在完型填空中要求学生要掌握以下动词及词组的辨析：形似动词及短语动词之间的辨析；意似动词及短语动词之间的辨析；动词及短语动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词和短语之间的辨析；意义不同，但容易混淆的动词及短语动词的辨析。某些常用动词及短语动词习惯用法的辨析。教学重点动词的词义辨析动词搭配。动词短语。教学难点在一定语境中动词的选择易混的动词词义及动词词组的辨析教学过程一、 课堂导入 动词是英语词汇中的核心，而动词及其构成的短语一直是高考中的热点和难点，特别是在完型填空题型及语法单项选择题中，有关动词及动词词组辨析的题就相当高频。它的用法最灵活，其种类比较多，形式复杂。每年高考中对动词短语和动词的考查都会30- 40% 的出现率，难度也比较大。预测今后高考中特别要注意动词及其和介词、副词的搭配，以及构成的固定短语，要注意这些短语的意思，同时要在具体的语境中灵活地加以使用。动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词之一，在历年高考题中所占比例也最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。要求考生构建以下比较完整的知识网络。二、 复习预习四个常见动词的辨析cure/treat/heal/recovercure意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。heal意为“治愈（伤口）；医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后的部位，使伤口愈合，不用于指治疗感冒等疾病。recover意为“痊愈,复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。That pill cured my headache.那种药片治好了我的头疼。 That will cure him of his bad habits.那将改正他的坏习惯。 There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients.只有两名医生来治疗50多个病人。 The wound on my arm has healed.我胳膊上的伤已痊愈了。 Hes now fully recovered from his bad cold.他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。 盘尼西林治好了他的肺炎(cure sb. of .)。Penicillin his pneumonia.事故后卡车司机的擦伤得到了治疗。After the accident, the lorry driver for cuts and bruises.他手指上的伤口很快愈合了。The cut on his finger quickly.答案：cured him of was treated healed三、知识讲解知识点1 1. 考查动词词义辨析这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。例.Recently, these companies have _ some workers because of the drop in economy.A. hired B. dismiss C. refused D. employed【解析】四个选项都是及物动词，且都可以与worker构成动宾关系，但从题干中的the drop in economy可知，只有B项符合题意。2. 考查近义动词辨析这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。例When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _。A. injured B damagedC. harmed D. destroyed【解析】这四个动词都有“伤害，损害”之意，但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”；damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏，这种破坏或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成，常含可以修复之意；harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害，有时可指引起不安或不便；destroy表示毁坏十分彻底，常含无法修复再用之意。从题意来看，答案为A。3. 考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。例 With modern equipment, many mysteries have _ to light in recent years.A. bought B. come C. thrown D. appeared【解析】 题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露，将曝光”是come to light，故答案为B。4. 考查动词与其宾补的固定搭配英语中有些动词后跟宾补时，有其固定搭配，如let/have/make sb. do sth.，get/force sb. to do sth.，allow/permit/forbid sb. to do sth.等。解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构，找到作宾补的不定式，然后看不定式前是否有不定式符号to，最后确定该用什么动词。例.The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _ everyone write home. Love, Joey.”A. advising B. suggesting C. letting D. making【解析】分析句子结构可知，空缺处后面的write home是无to的不定式，作everyone的宾语补足语，由此可排除A项；suggest后面不能跟不定式作宾补，更不用说无to的不定式，由此排除B项；let作为使役动词时，无进行时态，也排除；只有make后面是跟无to的不定式作宾补的，所以答案为D。5. 考查同根动词短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。例How I wish that I could _ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.A. set out B. set off C. set in D. set up【解析】分析题意为“我多么希望在网上聊天时能用简单而又漂亮的英语表达我的思想啊”。由题意可知，空缺处应该是“表达；解释”之意，而四个选项中只有set out有此意，故答案为A。6. 考查同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。例.When I was twenty, I had to _ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family.A. drop out B. come out C. leave out D. stay out【解析】分析题意为“在20岁时，我不得不辍学到一家服装店工作以帮助养活我的家人。”从题意可知，空缺处应该是“辍学”之意，四个选项中，只有A项的drop out有此意，故答案为A。例.Take care during the holidays! Drinking too much can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A. contribute to B. relate to C. attend to D. devote to【解析】分析题意为“节日期间要当心！喝酒太多会导致心脏病和引起高血压。”由题意可知，空缺处应该是“导致”之意，四个选项中，只有A项contribute to有此意，故答案为A。7. 考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。例.The society today offers the young generation more chances to _ their talent and skills.A. give out B. take in C. show off D. carry on【解析】分析题意为“当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。”由题意可知，空缺处应该是“炫耀；展示”之意，故答案为C。8. 考查“动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项要么是四个不同动词，但副词相同、介词不同的动词短语；要么是四个动词相同、副词相同、介词不同的动词短语。解答这类试题时，弄清题意诚然重要，但还要注意该短语的尾词是介词、副词还是不定式符号to，切忌想当然。例Do you know the plan his daughter will _ spread a lot?Really? I dont know it yet.A. get down to B. come up to C. live up to D. look up to【解析】分析题意为“你知道他女儿将要着手做的那个计划已经传开了吗？”“真的？我还不知道。”四个选项中，get down to，“着手做”；come up to，“不亚于；相等”；live up to，“不辜负；达到高标准”；look up to，“尊敬”。由此可知，只有A项符合题意。句中的his daughter will get down to是定语从句，修饰先行词the plan。例 “I cant _ your rudeness any more，leave the room，”shouted Mary.A. put up to B. put up from C. put up into D. put up with【解析】分析题意为“我再也不能忍受你的粗鲁了，滚出去，玛丽大声喊道。”从题意可知，空缺处应该是“忍受”之意，四个选项中，只有D项中的put up with有此意，故选D。4、 例题精析完型中几组高考常考动词列举：1、drop落下,掉下; 丢下,扔下 “I remember feeling small and 54 ，” the woman says，“and I did the only thing I could doI 55 the course that afternoon，and I havent gone near science since” 55. A. dropped B. started C. passed D. missed My 37 came one morning when I was in the community library. I passed by a girl who 38 her books out of her locker .Thinking like most that someone else would help her pick them up, I continued my way.38. A. took B. dropped 2、realize 97%是完形答案,recognize是三类高频词,同时出现时要小心,应适当对比一下:(全国)Now I 51 that in marriages, true love is 52 of all that, The happiest people dont 53 have the best of everything; they just 54 the best of everything they have .55 isnt about how to live through the storm, but how to dance in the rain.51. A. realize B. suggest C. hope D. Prove(四川)When I was a child,my desire to win 34 me well.As a parent,I 35 that it got in my way.So I had to change.35. A.realizedB.apologized C.imagined D.explained(北京)The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was 48 in the program as Student Art Assistant because of the time and effort Id put in. It was that year that I 49 I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design. 48. A. introduced B. recognized C. identified D. considered49. A. confirmed B. decided C. realized D. Acknowledged北京高考英语卷中recognized 和realized分别在不同的选项,当然各选各的啦!关键是他们有时会同时出现,比如下面的2009年高考英语辽宁卷,那该怎么办?(辽宁) He did not contact(联系)his father for a whole year 45 one day he saw in the street an old man who looked like his father. He 46 he bad to go back home and see his father.46. A learned B realized接事 C recognized接人 D admitted高考英语辽宁卷就出现了这种情况3.decide 95%是完形答案, know是三类高频词, 2011年福建卷和2010年辽宁卷毫无疑问选了decided. 关键是2009年辽宁卷decide和know两个词都出现了,该怎么办?（福建卷）When arriving in Canada in 2008,she had one 37 ;to have what she had back Home in Colombia.”I didnt want to 38 what I do ,like so many who come to a new Country,” she said .”I 39 to open a store here in Canada but knew I had to 40 myself properly.”39. A. demanded B. decided C. agreed D. hesitated(辽宁)I really wondered why my aunt _43_ to make things so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at university for three years, I _44_ that monolingual dictionaries are _45_ in learning a foreign language43.Aoffered Bagreed Cdecided Dhappened(辽宁)A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had 36 a beautiful sports car in a dealers showroom, and 37 his father could well 38 it, he told him that was all he wanted.37. A finding B proving C deciding D knowing此题找到主语即动作发出者he时,代入两个词,He his father,他决定他父亲还是他知道他父亲?当然知道通顺了,很快突破,选了D. 五、课堂运用【基础】Around twenty years ago I was living in York. 21 I had a lot of experience and a Masters degree, I could not find 22 work. I was 23 a school bus to make ends meet and 24 with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat. I had 25 five interviews (面试) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 26 the job. “Why has my life become so 27 ?” I thought painfully. As I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl, she handed me an earring 29 I should keep it 30 somebody claimed (认领) it. The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”. At first I got angry. Then it 31 me I had been giving all of my 32 to what was going wrong with my 33 rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a 34 of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to 35 more things to the list. That night there was a phone call for 36 from a lady who was a director at a larger 37 . She asked me if I would 38 a one-day lecture on stress (压力) management to 200 medical workers. I said yes. My 39 there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid job. To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of 40 that I completely changed my life.21. A. AsB. ThoughC. IfD. When【答案】B【解析】考查连词的含义及用法。尽管我有许多经验和硕士学位，但还是不能找到满意的工作。22.A. successfulB. extraC. satisfyingD. convenient【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义及语境理解。此处successful成功的； extra额外的；satisfying令人满意的；convenient方便的。尽管我有许多经验和硕士学位，但还是不能找到满意的工作。23. A. drivingB. repairingC. takingD. designing【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义及语境理解。我开校车来维持生活并且和我的一个朋友住在一起，因为我没了套房。24.A. workingB. travellingC. discussingD. living【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义及语境理解。我开校车来维持生活并且和我的一个朋友住在一起，因为我没了套房。25.A. prepared forB. attendedC. asked forD. held【答案】C【解析】考查动词及动词短语的含义。此处attend the interview意为：参加面试。我参加了一家公司的五次面试，但他们说，我不能获得这项工作。26.A. loseB. likeC. findD. get【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。此处get the job意为：得到工作。我参加了一家公司的五次面试，但他们说，我不能获得这项工作。27.A. hardB. busy C. seriousD. short【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义及语境理解。此处hard艰难的；busy忙的；serious认真的，严重的；short短的。为什么我的生活如此艰难呢？28. A. wave atB. drop offC. call onD. look for【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语的含义及语境理解。此处wave at向. . .挥手；drop off让某人下车；call on号召； look for寻找。当我把车开到路边让那个小女孩下车的时候，小女孩递给了我一个耳环。29. A. OrderingB. promisingC. sayingD. showing【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。此处saying作伴随状语，她在递给我耳环的同时说，我应该保存它以免有人认领。30. A. in caseB. or elseC. as ifD. now that【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句的连接词。此处in case以免，以防； or else否则；as if好像；now that既然。小女孩在递给我耳环的同时说，我应该保存它以免有人认领。31. A. hurtB. hitC. caughtD. moved【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义及语境理解。此处hurt伤害；hit撞击，伤害；catch抓住； move感动。生活使我受到了打击。32. . A. opinionsB. educationC. experiences D. life【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义及语境理解。此处feelings感觉； attention注意力；strength力量，力气；interests兴趣。我把一切注意力都集中在了生活的不顺上而没有关注好的方面。33. A. feelingsB. attentionC. strength D. interests【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。此处opinions意见；education教育；experiences经历；life生活。我把一切注意力都集中在了生活的不顺上而没有关注好的方面。34. A. listB. bookC. check D. copy【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。此处list清单； book书； check支票；copy拷贝，本。我决定做一个我感到满意的50件事的清单。35. A. connectB. turnC. keep D. add【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义及语境理解。此处connect联系；turn转向；变为；keep保持； add添加。后来我决定向清单中添加更多的事情。36. A. herB. a passenger C. me D. my friend【答案】C【解析】考查语境理解。此处a phone call for me意为：我的一个电话。那天晚上一位女士给我打了一个电话。37. A. hospital B. factoryC. restaurant D. hotel【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义及逻辑推理。根据后文：给200医疗工作者（200 medical workers）做报告，可知地点在医院。38. A. listen toB. reviewC. giveD. talk about【答案】C【解析】考查动词及动词短语的含义。此处give a one-day lecture意为：做一天的报告。她问我是否可以做一天的报告。39. A. planB. choiceC. dayD. Tour【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。此处plan计划；choice选择； day白天；tour旅行。我那天进展得很顺利，后来我得到了一份高薪的工作。40.A.operationB. speakingC. employmentD. thinking【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义及语境理解。此处operation操作； speaking讲话；employment雇佣；thinking思想。对于这一天，我知道正是因为我改变了我的思维方式才改变了我的生活。【巩固】 One sunny afternoon, a seven-year-old girl went for a walk. She crossed a large area of grassland into the woods 26 she realized that she was lost. Sitting on a rock and 27 what to do, she began crying. After a while. She 28 to walk along a wide path lined with tall trees and thick bushes. 29 it was getting dark, she saw a small, dark wooden house. She opened the door and 30 stepped in. Suddenly, she heard a strange noise, and she ran out the door and back to the 31 . Cold and tired, she fell asleep near a 32 . The girls parents were out and her dog, Laddy, was at home. Laddy 33 that his mistrees（女主人）was in danger. He jumped 34 a window, breaking the glass. He looked in the fields. But he couldnt find his mistress anywhere. However, from the ground came a 35 scent (气味) as he lowered his head. He 36 the scent and walked across the grassland. Barking 37 into the air, the dog 38 through the woods until he found the 39 . But the girl was not there, so he headed back to the woods. Much to his 40 , he saw his mistress blue shirt in the distance. He 41 over some bushes and saw the little stream, where the girl was 42 . When she opened her eyes and 43 her dog standing beside her, the girl said, “you 44 me, Laddy,” and she kissed him several times. Seeing their daughter and dog coming back, the parents burst into tears of 45 . That night Laddy had a heros supper: a huge meal of steak.26. A. before B. since C. while D. as【答案】A 【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意是：她穿过一大片草地，只是她意识到自己迷路了，即在她意识到自己迷路之前她已经走过了一大片草地。选A。27. A. wondering B. forgetting C. remembering D. regretting【答案】A 【解析】考查动词。wonder想知道；forget忘记；remember记得；regret遗憾，后悔。根据宾语what to do可以推断出此处选A。28. A. preferred B. expected C. failed D. decided【答案】D 【解析】考查动词。prefer更喜欢；expect期待，预料；fail没做到，失败；decide决定。由句意可知此处选D。29. A. When B. Until C. If D. Because【答案】A 【解析】考查状语从句。由句意可知所填词引导时间状语从句，引导词意思是：当的时候，选A。30. A. carelessly B. cautiously C. hopelessly D. unwillingly【答案】B 【解析】考查副词。carelessly粗心地；cautiously小心地，谨慎地；hopelessly无望地；unwillingly不愿意地。句意是：她打开门，小心地走了进去。选B。31. A. treesB. bushesC. woods D. grasses【答案】C 【解析】考查名词。根据前文中woods可知此处选C。32. A. streamB. rockC. tree D. house【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。根据后文中的the little stream可知此处选A。33. A. found B. sensedC. heard D. smelt【答案】B 【解析】考查动词。句意是: Laddy意识到女主人有危险。所填词意思是：意识到，感觉到，选B。34. A. atB. through C. in D. onto【答案】B 【解析】考查介词。根据freaking the window可以推断出所填介词意思是：穿过，选B。35. A. terrible B. strangeC. pleasant D. familiar【答案】D 【解析】考查形容词。句意是：然而，当它低头闻时，地面上散发出一种熟悉的气味。选D。36. A. missedB. discoveredC. followed D. ignored【答案】C 【解析】考查动词。miss失去；discover发现；follow跟随；ignore忽略。句意是：它跟随这种气味，穿过了草地。选C。37. A. calmlyB. loudly C. merrily D. gently【答案】B 【解析】考查副词。calmly平静地；loudly大声地；merrily欢乐地；gently温柔地。句意是：向空中大声的吠叫，。选B。38. A. searched B. wandered C. lookedD. traveled【答案】A 【解析】考查动词。search寻找；wander徘徊；look看，瞧；travel旅行。由句意可知此处选A。39. A.windowB. girl C. house D. hero【答案】C 【解析】考查名词。根据前文的提到的名词house可知此处选C。40. A. satisfactionB. disappointmentC. embarrassmentD. delight【答案】D 【解析】考查名词。satisfiction 满意，满足；disappointment失望；embarrrasement尴尬；delight愉快，高兴。所填词构成固定短语，根据后文可知其意思是：使他高兴的是，选D。41. A. jumped B. climbed C. walked D. flew 【答案】 A 【解析】考查动词。jump跳；climb爬；walk走，步行；fly飞。根据句意选A。42. A. awake B. abandoned C. available D. asleep【答案】D 【解析】考查形容词。根据第二自然段最后一句中的fall asleep可知此处选D。43. A. spotted B. watched C. observed D. saw【答案】D 【解析】考查动词。spot 玷污； 认出，发现；watch观看；observe观察；see看见。由句意可知此处所填词意思是：看见，选D。44. A. disturbed B. comforted C. rescued D. scared【答案】C 【解析】考查动词。disturb打扰；comfort使舒适；rescue挽救；scare惊吓。句意是：Laddy，是你救了我。选C。45. A. pain B. shock C. sorrow D.relief【答案】D 【解析】考查名词。pain 痛；shock震惊；sorrow难过，悲伤；relief解脱。句意是：看到他们的女儿得救另外，父母激动地留下了激动的泪水，他们如释重负了。选D。【拔高】 Lightning flashed through the darkness over Sibsons bedroom skylight（天窗）.Sibson was shaken by a clap of thunder 21 he knew what was happening. The storm had moved directly 22 his two-story wooden house. Then he heard the smoke alarm beeping. Sibson rushed down the stairs barefoot to 23; he opened the door to the basement（地下室）, and flames 24out. Sibson ran back upstairs to call 911 from his bedroom. “I felt 25because the room had a separate outdoor stairway,” he explains. But the phone didnt work, and when he tried to go down the outdoor stairway, he was 26by a wall of flames. Sibson realized he was trapped（困住）. Sibsons house was three kilometers 27 the main road and was so well hidden by trees that he knew calling for help would be 28 . Up a hill nearby lived Sibsons neighbor, Huggons. He was lying in bed when something like a smoke alarm 29his ears. He jumped out of bed, took his 30 and flashlight, and headed down the hillside toward the 31 . That was when he saw the rolling heavy smoke. Huggons dialed 911, and the operator warned him not to 32 the house. But Huggons said, “There is no way I am going to listen to Sibson 33 and die in that fire.” “Anyone there?” Huggons called out. Then he heard “Help! Im trapped!” coming from the second floor balcony（阳台）. He entered the house, but soon had to run back to catch