transmission_technology_international_变速器技术2010-06_(1).pdf

远舰汽车变速器设计【两轴式五档手动】【7张CAD图纸】【汽车车辆专业】

收藏

资源目录
跳过导航链接。
远舰汽车变速器设计【全套CAD图纸+毕业论文】【汽车车辆专业】.rar
远舰汽车变速器设计
过程管理封皮.doc---(点击预览)
输出轴倒档齿轮.dwg---(点击预览)
输出轴三档齿轮.dwg---(点击预览)
输入轴五档齿轮.dwg---(点击预览)
设计说明书.doc---(点击预览)
装配图.dwg---(点击预览)
同步器.dwg---(点击预览)
变速器输出轴.dwg---(点击预览)
变速器输入轴.dwg---(点击预览)
10.优秀毕业设计.doc---(点击预览)
09.毕业设计(论文)成绩评定表.doc---(点击预览)
08.毕业设计答辩评分表.doc---(点击预览)
07.毕业设计评阅人评分表.doc---(点击预览)
06.毕业设计指导教师评分表.doc---(点击预览)
05.毕业设计中期检查表.doc---(点击预览)
04.指导记录.doc---(点击预览)
03.开题报告.doc---(点击预览)
02.任务书.doc---(点击预览)
01.题目审定表.doc---(点击预览)
附加资料
压缩包内文档预览:(预览前20页/共25页)
预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图
编号:402787    类型:共享资源    大小:42.55MB    格式:RAR    上传时间:2015-02-06 上传人:好资料QQ****51605 IP属地:江苏
45
积分
关 键 词:
汽车 变速器 设计 全套 cad 图纸 毕业论文 车辆 专业
资源描述:

【温馨提示】 购买原稿文件请充值后自助下载。

[全部文件] 那张截图中的文件为本资料所有内容,下载后即可获得。


预览截图请勿抄袭,原稿文件完整清晰,无水印,可编辑。

有疑问可以咨询QQ:414951605或1304139763

摘  要
在汽车行驶时的动力传递过程中,变速器是其中的重要环节。汽车变速器是汽车传动系统的主要组成部分,主要作用是将发动机的转矩经过改变后传递给主减速器,最终将动力有效而经济地传至驱动车轮,以满足汽车的使用要求。设置空档用来中断动力传递,设置倒档,使汽车能够倒退行驶。
本设计以现有企业正在生产的远舰汽车变速器为基础,在给定发动机输出转矩、转速及最高车速、总质量、车轮滚动半径等条件下,着重对变速器齿轮的结构参数、轴的结构尺寸等进行设计计算;并对变速器的传动方案和结构形式进行设计;同时对操纵机构和同步器的结构进行设计;从而提高汽车的整体性能。
文中对变速器的主要参数进行验证,包括齿轮强度的校核、变速器轴强度和刚度的校核、轴承寿命的验算等,计算结果表明整体性能满足要求。


关键词:两轴式;变速器;齿轮;同步器;设计;校核
ABSTRACT
In the process of power delivery of the auto movement, transmission is the necessary link. Auto transmission is the main component of the drive train, the main effect is to transfer torque from engine to final drive through by changing gear ratio is to expand the scope and speed to adapt to the driving conditions effectively and economically. Setting neutral is to interrupt power transmission; Setting up to reverse, the vehicle can drive back.
The design based on the existing enterprises production Yuanjian Transmission, In conditions that knowing the engine output torque speed of engine and maximum speed of vehicles, maximum degree, focus on the designing of transmission gear structural parameters, axis geometry design computation; as well as the transmission and drive program structure design; Meanwhile on the structure of components to manipulation and synchronous design; thereby enhancing the overall performance of cars.
The main parameters for transmission have been checked, including the strength of gear, the transmission shaft strength and stiffness of the coupling, Bearing life, results show overall performance meet the requirement.


Key words: Twin-shaft; Transmission; Gears; Synchronizer; Design; Parameters

目  录
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 概述 1
1.1.1 汽车变速器的设计要求 1
1.1.2 国内外汽车变速器的发展现状 2
1.2 设计的内容及方法 2
第2章 变速器传动机构与操纵机构方案选择 4
2.1 变速器传动机构布置方案 4
2.1.1 变速器传动方案分析与选择 4
2.1.2 倒档布置方案 4
2.1.3 零部件结构方案分析 5
2.2 变速器操纵机构布置方案 7
2.2.1 概述 7
2.2.2 典型的操纵机构及其锁定装置 8
2.3 本章小结 10
第3章 变速器传动机构的设计与计算 11
3.1 变速器主要参数的选择 11
3.1.1 档数 11
3.1.2 传动比范围 11
3.1.3 变速器各档传动比的确定 11
3.1.4 中心距的选择 14
3.1.5 变速器的外形尺寸 15
3.1.6 齿轮参数的选择 15
3.1.7 各档齿轮齿数的分配及传动比的计算 16
3.1.8 变速器齿轮的变位 19
3.2 变速器齿轮强度校核 23
3.2.1 齿轮材料的选择原则 23
3.2.2 变速器齿轮弯曲强度校核 23
3.2.3 轮齿接触应力校核 27
3.2.4 倒档齿轮的校核 31
3.3 轴的结构和尺寸设计 32
3.3.1 轴的工艺要求 33
3.3.2 初选轴的直径 33
3.3.3 轴最小直径的确定 34
3.4 轴的强度验算 35
3.4.1 轴的刚度计算 35
3.4.2 轴的强度计算 42
3.5 轴承选择与寿命计算 48
3.5.1 输入轴轴承的选择与寿命计算 49
3.5.2 输出轴轴承的选择与寿命计算 52
3.6 本章小结 53
第4章 变速器同步器及操纵机构的设计 54
4.1 同步器 54
4.1.1 同步器工作原理 54
4.1.2 惯性式同步器 54
4.1.3 锁环式同步器主要尺寸的确定 56
4.1.4 主要参数的确定 56
4.2 操纵机构 59
4.2.1 概述 59
4.2.2 典型操纵换档机构 59
4.3 变速器壳体 60
4.4 本章小结 60
结论 61
参考文献 62
致谢 63
附录A1 64
附录A2 67

第1章  绪  论
1.1概述
随着汽车工业的迅猛发展,车型的多样化、个性化已经成为汽车发展的趋势。而变速器设计是汽车设计中重要的环节之一。它是用来改变发动机传到驱动轮上的转矩和转速,目的是适应汽车在起步、加速以及克服各种道路障碍等不同行驶条件下对驱动车轮的不同要求的需要,使汽车获得不同的牵引力和速度,同时使发动机在最有利的工况范围内工作。因此它的性能影响到汽车的动力性和经济性指标,对乘用车而言,其设计意义更为明显。在对汽车性能要求越来越高的今天,车辆的舒适性也是评价汽车的一个重要指标,而变速器的设计不合理,将会使汽车的舒适性下降,使汽车的运行噪声增大,影响汽车的整体性。
1.1.1汽车变速器的设计要求
汽车传动系是汽车的核心组成部分。其任务是调节、变换发动机的性能,将动力有效而经济地传至驱动车轮,以满足汽车的使用要求。变速器是完成传动系任务的重要部件,也是决定整车性能的主要部件之一。变速器的结构要求对汽车的动力性、燃料经济性、换档操纵的可靠性与轻便性、传动平稳性与效率等都有直接的影响。随着汽车工业的发展,轿车变速器的设计趋势是增大其传递功率与重量之比,并要求其具有更小的尺寸和良好的性能。在汽车变速器的设计工作开始之前,首先要根据变速器运用的实际场合来对一些主要参数做出选择。主要参数包括中心距、变速器轴向尺寸、轴的直径、齿轮参数、各档齿轮的齿数等。


内容简介:
AN ENGINE TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION JANUARY 2010Whats new?ZF and Porsches all-new seven-speed DCT unitHyundais innovative six-speed automaticWho is leading the way in hybrid concepts?Franois Gougeon, director of engineering for transmissions projects, RenaultJrgen Greiner, head of product development, ZFDr Harald Maelger, global OEM manager, Afton ChemicalRoger Stone, engineering director, TorotrakGear changeFind out what the future holds for the globaltransmissions industry INTERVIEWS COVER STORY24: DUAL IN THE CROWNWith the market facing big changes, top-ranking execs from the leading transmissions players gaze into the future to predict which gearbox technologies will win and lose02: NEWSThe latest developments from the world of transmissions, including a new CVT from Jatco04: ZF AND PORSCHE DCTDeveloped for Porsche, ZF s new seven-speed box is one of the lightest and most compact DCTs around06: HYBRID TRANSMISSIONSTTi travels the world to discover the leading innovations in hybrid transmissions10: HYUNDAI AUTOMATICHaving created its fi rst six-speed transmission, the South Korean OEM has joined an exclusive club12: OEM INTERVIEW: FRANOIS GOUGEONWith the aim of being one of Europe s greenest car makers, Renault s director of engineering for transmissions has DCT development on his mind16: SUPPLIER INTERVIEW: JRGEN GREINERIn a rare media outing, ZFs product development chief speaks openly on what the future holds for suppliers with smaller research and development budgets20: SUPPLIER INTERVIEW: DR HARALD MAELGERFor many, lubrication remains the unsung hero of modern powertrains. Afton Chemical s global OEM manager discusses what s next for this technology32: SUPPLIER SPOTLIGHT: TOROTRAKRoger Stone, the new engineering director at Torotrak, tackles questions about the companys key technologies and reveals his plans for the future48: LAST WORDTTi catches up with Bernd Matthes, president of BorgWarner Transmission Systems in the USACASE STUDIES34: Brave new world36: Eco-friendly evolution37: Optimization of gearbox analysis38: Total driveline analysis40: Transmission control43: Torque talk46: Innovative springsCONTENTS01January 2010 | Transmission Technology International121006162402 TRANSMISSIONS NEWSINDUSTRY UPDATEBorgWarner confi rms Chinese car maker dealChinas largest vehicle maker, First Automotive Works (FAW), is to benefi t from turbochargers and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valves supplied by BorgWarner. The components will be installed in various cars and light commercial vehicles manufactured by the Chinese OEM, while BorgWarners proven turbocharging technology will be employed on newly developed 1.3-liter and 2-liter gasoline engines, which are to be used in the compact and midsize car segment. BorgWarner is also supplying the EGR valve for the 3-liter diesel power unit that FAW installs in its light commercial vehicles. All three engines comply with European EURO 4 emissions standard. The newly developed 1.3-liter gasoline engine is equipped with a KP39 turbocharger, while the 2-liter gasoline engine uses a K03 turbocharger. From 2010 onwards, BorgWarner will manufacture the turbochargers in the eastern Chinese city of Ningbo, where the supplier has been operating a production facility since 2004. The EGR valve will also be produced in Ningbo. “Our application and production capacities directly on location allow us to optimally serve the Chinese market and react very fl exibly to FAWs requirements,” said Roger Wood, president of BorgWarner Turbo and Emissions Systems.CPT unveils eco-friendly unit Engineers at Controlled Power Technologies (CPT) have developed the worlds fi rst bespoke belt-driven Integrated Starter Generator (B-ISG) that makes use of a conventional 12-volt electrical system and is capable of starting a 2-liter diesel engine. CPTs technical breakthrough has resulted in a unique 12-volt B-ISG with the high torque and power necessary to restart quickly, smoothly, and more frequently, most modern diesel and petrol engines. According to CPT, this means it can offer a more advanced solution to existing stop-start systems, which are all based on modifi cations to a conventional starter motor or conventional alternator. As a result of such a setup, the technology can be put into production without resorting to the high cost of developing a higher voltage system. CPT says that the production-ready SpeedStart technology addresses three of the major challenges of existing stop-start systems: the technology is twice as fast as a conventional starter motor or alternator; the restart is quiet and offers excellent refi nement; and the unit is powerful enough to cope with a driver having a sudden change of mind when the stop-start system is already stopping the engine. Sales for ZF have fallen by one-third from January to August 2009 over the same period in 2008. The supplier has estimated corporate sales will fall further by one-quarter to around US$13.55 billion, with sharp net losses as well. “ZF is feeling the effects of the economic crisis very deeply. There is still uncertainty in the marketplace, which is obscuring a clear view of the coming months,” said ZF CEO Hans-Georg Hrter. “It remains to be seen if government stimulus programs, such as Germanys cash-for-clunkers scheme, can sustain an elevated demand for cars. We cannot exclude a W-shaped trend, in which ZF CEO DEFIANT OVER SALES Jatco, the worlds largest manufacturer of CVTs with 43% of the CVT market, has taken the covers off its next-generation CVT, which, it claims, is one of the most compact and lightweight units on the market. Co-developed with Nissan, Jatcos latest product will be seen as a huge boost to CVTs, a technology that many leading experts predict will all but be eradicated by the end of the next decade.Due to be launched in a number of Nissan vehicles by the end of this year, the new Jatco transmission features an innovative structure that combines a conventional CVT belt operation with an auxiliary gearbox that has helped to reduce the length of the unit by 10%, while weight has been cut by 13%. The combination of a belt-operated CVT with an auxiliary transmission has also enabled Jatco engineers to realize a greatly increased gear ratio range that jumps from the current 6.0:1 to a 7.3:1 arrangement. Jatco says this not only represents a 20% leap over other CVTs, but is among the worlds highest ratios for all types of transmissions in production for vehicle use (DCTs aside). Other features of the unit include adaptive shift control, which improves performance by automatically selecting the best ratio for startup, acceleration, and uphill/downhill driving. “We believe the CVT has very good potential as a leading technology for raising the fuel effi ciency of IC engine systems,” said Nissans VP of powertrain engineering, Shuichi Nishimura, when discussing the latest CVT development. “Nissan fi rst began applying CVT technology in 1991 and has been continuously evolving CVTs, engine cooperative management, and other such systems. The need to improve fuel economy, with the resulting reductions in CO2 emissions, motivated us to step up our efforts in the joint development with Jatco of this next-generation CVT.”Jatco VP, Yo Usuba, added: “We believe this CVT is an excellent choice for car makers seeking to raise the fuel effi ciency of their smaller cars.”JATCO AND NISSANBOOST CVT FUTUREcase, we are now riding an artifi cially generated peak before entering a second valley. “The fact that ZF has always operated according to sound business principles and has paid particular attention to liquidity since the beginning of the crisis is now paying off,” added Hrter, giving grounds for his cautious optimism. “OEMs are becoming increasingly determined to work with suppliers that are stable, dependable partners, committed to a long-term business relationship. Our liquidity serves as an insurance policy in this regard. We must now safeguard this position with our austerity plan.”Transmission Technology International | January 2010 Jatcos all-new CVT, which will be launched in numerous Nissan models, is 13% lighter than the outgoing unit New base for RomaxRomax Technology is scheduled to open a center of excellence for CAD and CAE in late 2009, in Pune, India. With Indias automotive and transmission markets growing, Romax plans to expand its existing highly skilled team to over 50 employees within the next few years. Allison Transmission has been awarded a US$62.8 million grant from the US Department of Energy to continue with its efforts to develop and manufacture a cost-effective commercial hybrid truck system. In a separate announcement, the former GM company has also confi rmed plans to open a new 18,868m2 production plant early next year to better serve OEMs in Chennai, India, where the US supplier has been based for more than 40 years. Chairman and CEO Lawrence E. Dewey said the investment in the plant was proof that the company is targeting growth in developing countries. “It is important to strengthen our local presence in India to support our growing in-country operations,” said Dewey. “It is one of the worlds largest economies and a global supplier of commercial vehicles, and our investment comes at a time when global demand for our fully automatic transmissions continues to increase. I am extremely proud of the milestone this represents, and thankful to the Tamil Nadu government for its enthusiastic support.”ALLISON TARGETS GLOBAL EXPANSION Mercedes is considering establishing a plant in India that will be responsible for the production of bus engines, gearboxes, and other parts. A massive investment of US$600 million would be necessary, but the German manufacturer says the lower cost of manufacturing in India has made it give serious thought to the prospect. In a separate announcement, Toyota Kirloskar Motors (TKM), the Indian subsidiary of Japans Toyota Motor Corporation, plans to set up an state-of-the-art engine manufacturing facility, most likely within the existing TKM premises at Bidadi near Bangalore. Currently, Toyota imports petrol and diesel version engines for its locally made multipurpose Innova and its luxury Corolla sedan from its engine factories in Thailand and Japan. However, with a second vehicle assembly plant on its way at the Bidadi site, the company believes it is now time to produce engines in India.January 2010 | Transmission Technology International03TRANSMISSIONS NEWSEditor Dean SlavnichEditorial assistant Bunny RichardsProduction manager Ian DonovanProduction team Joanna Coles, Lewis Hopkins, Carole Doran, Emma Uwins Art director Craig MarshallArt editor Ben WhiteDesign contributors Louise Adams, Andy Bass, Anna Davie, James Sutcliffe, Nicola Turner, Julie WelbyChief sub-editor Alex BradleySub-editor William BakerProofreaders Christine Velarde, Frank Millard Contributors John Challen, Brian Cowan, Matt Davis, Jonathan Lawson, Adam Gavine, Max Glaskin, Maurice Glover, Graham Heeps, Greg Offer, Mike Magda, Jim McCraw, Keith Read, John Simister, Saul WordsworthCEO Tony RobinsonManaging director Graham JohnsonSales and marketing director Simon WillardCirculation manager Suzie MatthewsContact usTransmissions Technology International Abinger House, Church Street, Dorking, Surrey RH4 1DF, UK tel: +44 1306 743744 fax: +44 1306 742525editorial fax: +44 1306 887546 email: enginetechweb: The views expressed in the articles and technical papers are those of the authors and are not endorsed by the publisher. While every care has been taken during production, the publisher does not accept any liability for errors that may have occurred. This publication is protected by copyright 2008. ISSN 1460-9509 Transmissions Technology International Printed by William Gibbons & Sons Ltd, Willenhall, West Midlands, UKPublished byUKIP Media & Events LtdINDIAN APPEALAbove: Allison continues to push ahead with hybrid transmissions developmentBelow: A UK bus with an Allison unitAN ENGINE TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONJANUARY 2010Whats new?ZF and Porsches all-new seven-speed DCT unitHyundais innovative six-speed automaticWho is leading the way in hybrid concepts?Franois Gougeon, director of engineering for transmissions projects, RenaultJrgen Greiner, head of product development, ZFDr Harald Maelger, global OEM manager, Afton ChemicalRoger Stone, engineering director, TorotrakGear changeFind out what the future holds for the globaltransmissions industryINTERVIEWSFREE SUBSCRIPTION AND READER ENQUIRY SERVICERequest your FREE copy of Transmission Technology International magazine at: Faster changing than an F1 gearbox, as comfortable as a lazy limos driveline, sportier than the slickest of stick-shifts, and more economical and therefore less polluting than a manual. Ladies and gentlemen, this is ZFs new dual clutch unit!This might sound like PR puff, but this dual clutch box offers the mechanical effi ciency of a manual with the superior shift qualities of a conventional automatic, and all this without interruption of traction. It can be driven as a manual or a fully automatic, with the latter coming with a choice of comfort, sport and supersport modes.The innovative design, revealed earlier this year, has been launched on three Porsche ranges: the 911 Carrera, the Boxster/Cayman and the Panamera sports sedan (including the all-wheel-drive Panamera 4S derivative).Assembled at the ZF car driveline technology factory in Brandenburg, which has capacity for 30,000 DCT units a year, the seven-speed transmission was developed over two years at three ZF locations. The R&D center in Kressbronn concentrated on overall integration, the hydraulic control unit, the housing and testing. The Schweinfurt Harnessed to some of Porsches fi nest engines, ZFs all-new DCT represents the current pinnacle of powertrain innovation and the fruits of an intense and challenging research and development partnershipfacility provided the dual clutch, and engineers at Brandenburg developed the gearset, inner shift mechanism and oiling system. For the record, the transmission has two separate oil chambers to minimize power losses one for the clutch and hydraulics, the other for the gearset and the bevel gear, which was supplied by ZFs Passau factory.Considerable chunks of the development focused on complex and sophisticated control software, compact packaging and weight reduction. Using topology optimization, ZF reduced the amount of material in several internal components without compromising durability. Composite-type materials were discounted in favor of aluminum replacing steel wherever suitable. The end result is a compact, 120kg gearbox. “If there was a possibility of saving anything over 10g, we did it,” states head of DCT development at ZF , Dr Michael Ebenhoch. “Up to 63% of components were changed.” Initially, four versions of the modular DCT transmission have been launched with maximum commonality of parts to suit different driveline layouts. The 7DT45HL 04 ZF DUAL CLUTCHMatch made in heavenand 7DT45HLA (for AWD) serve the rear-engined 911 and mid-engined Boxster/Cayman models, and the 7DT75 and 7DT75A are used on the front-engined Panamera and Panamera 4S. The 4S ZF employs a hang-on clutch and a bevel-to-bevel arrangement to deliver drive to the front axle. Ebenhoch is particularly pleased with the less-than-12 driveline angle.The design features two sub-transmission shafts, with odd gears on one, and even gears, plus reverse, on the other. When one clutch and gear is taking propulsion to the road wheels, the other clutch is ready to seamlessly deliver the next gear pre-selected by an electrohydraulic control unit with no loss of traction. However, fi rst and second gears are both used to launch the Panamera. Up- and downshifts are extremely fast, achieved in 400-600ms.Transmission Technology International | January 2010ZFs new seven-speed DCT was developed in two yearsClever use of packaging and lightweight materials has resulted in ZFs latest DCT weighing only 120gDCT gearboxes are designed to handle high engine revs, power, and torque. DT45 versions accommodate up to 390kW, 700Nm of torque, and almost 8,000rpm and provide a gear spread of 6.4 while DT75 versions take up to 370kW, 750Nm and almost 7,000rpm with an impressive gear spread of 10.1. The design gives scope for future derivatives and ensures very few component changes are ON THE ROAD Virtually imperceptible is how wed describe gearshifts in the Panamera, Boxster, and Cayman DCT models we drove on highways, urban routes, and alpine roads around ZFs Friedrichshafen headquarters close to the Germany-Austria border. Indeed, so quiet is the Panamera that without the digital engaged-gear readout and rev counter, we would have found it almost impossible to detect when changes took place.The fully automatic mode is hugely impressive but the smoothness and control afforded by manual operation either by the shift lever or steering-wheel paddle shifts add another dimension to what were already outstanding cars, especially with Tiptronic transmission.The 400bhp, 4.8-liter Panamera S tested accelerates from standstill to 100km/h (62mph) in 5.4 seconds. Average fuel economy is 26.2mpg with CO2 emissions of 253g/km. The 911 Carrera with DT reaches 100km/h a second quicker than the same car with Tiptronic, is 3.7 seconds quicker to 200km/h, and uses 12.8% less fuel.One of the greatest engineering challenges during development centered upon the Panameras narrow transmission tunnel. ZF engineers overcame this by positioning one sub-transmission layshaft above anotherrequired for different versions. The main differences between 2WD and 4WD DT boxes are housings, the parking interlock, the rear axle shaft, the size of the dual clutch, and the hydraulics processing and mounting.One of the major development challenges involving the Panameras narrow transmission tunnel was overcome by positioning one sub-transmission layshaft above the other. “Its a very satisfactory result,” says Ebenhoch. An additional feature on the Panamera boxes is the auto stop/start function the fi rst on a luxury performance car which reduces fuel consumption by a further 10% in the urban test cycle and 5% in the new European drive cycle, and lowers CO2 emissions by 5%. Ebenhoch says it was an important specifi cation requirement from Porsche, which demanded it be achieved with minimal additional components. To overcome the lack of engine power and pressure on restart, ZF adapted the hydraulic circuit. When stopped, a non-return valve prevents the clutch pistons from draining. This enables them to deliver power, without delay, when the engine restarts.ZF says development of the DCT concept will continue, embracing a wider range of vehicles in the future. TTiThis latest DCT product offering from ZF has 63% more new components than the German suppliers current DCT unitZF DUAL CLUTCHJanuary 2010 | Transmission Technology International05Geared to the future06 HYBRID TRANSMISSIONSTransmission Technology International | January 2010For many, hybrid transmissions represent the fi nal frontier in gearbox development, but just where does the industry stand in terms of mass production? TTi investigates07HYBRID TRANSMISSIONSJanuary 2010 | Transmission Technology InternationalCOMPANY: ALLISON TRANSMISSIONThe technology: Having spun out of General Motors more than a year ago, Allison is now helping to lead the way in developing hybrid transmissions for commercial and military sector applications. The US-based supplier has just revealed its EV Drive unit, which is similar to the companys Torqmatic Series transmission. Equipped with three planetary gears, two clutches and two motors and generators (100bhp) in a concentric setup, the unit enables the front electrical machine to act as a starter. Designed to be a two-mode electrically variable transmission with an input-split range and a compound-split range, the EV Drive is similar in size and weight to the Allison 4000 Series automatic and mounts in the same way as the 3000 Series automatic, therefore simplifying integration into existing vehicle applications.COMPANY: GETRAGThe technology: The worlds largest independent manufacturer of automotive transmissions, Getrag, used this years Frankfurt Motor Show to debut two solutions for hybrid electric vehicles. Housed in a Mini Clubman demonstrator vehicle, Getrag unveiled a DCT featuring an additional electric motor that the German company says enables the vehicle to be operated as a hybrid, with the e-motor supporting the IC engine. As a further development of the hybrid concept, Getrag also presented an electric Smart ForTwo in which the IC engine has been replaced by an electric drivetrain. The two-speed transmission also makes it possible to operate the e-motor at a higher performance level than with a single-speed transmission, thus enhancing effi ciency and increasing the vehicles range.COMPANY: BORGWARNERThe technology: BorgWarners eGearDrive transmission continues to gather momentum, with the supplier announcing that its technology will feature in the all-electric Coda sedan, which is scheduled for introduction in California in 2010. Ideally suited for full-performance EVs on either front-wheel drive or rear-wheel drive transverse driveline applications, the BorgWarner eGearDrive single-speed transmission delivers high torque capacity, high effi ciency and low NVH in a compact package. Paired with a UQM Technologies electric propulsion system, the BorgWarner eGearDrive unit will propel the fi ve-passenger Coda sedan at highway speeds while providing maximum powertrain effi ciency levels.08 HYBRID TRANSMISSIONSTransmission Technology International | January 2010COMPANY: JATCOThe technology: The worlds leading producer of CVTs, Jatco, has recently started to expand its R&D work to include hybrid transmissions. Showcased at this years Tokyo Motor Show was the Japanese suppliers new unit specifi cally designed for hybrid vehicles. Company offi cials continue to remain tight-lipped about the innovation, but TTi can reveal the transmission is a parallel type, with one motor and two clutches capable of independent drive. Jatco says that such a setup realizes superior vehicle mounting capability through housing the motor and clutch in the torque converter space.COMPANY: VOCISThe technology: A novel multispeed transmission for EV applications has been developed by this growing UK-based supplier and early simulation studies show that the innovation could reduce battery energy consumption by 10% without there being much increase in cost and packaging. The heart of the system is a gearshifting concept, based on twin-shaft principles, which enables the ratio to be changed with no break in torque delivery. Vocis engineers are also developing high-precision electromechanical actuators for the unit that work with the battery voltage to improve effi ciency. If it works the technology will be installed in demo vehicles by the end of the year the potential of the technology could be great, with benefi ts being zero torque interruption during shifts and low additional losses compared with a single-speed transmission.COMPANY: SCHAEFFLER GROUP AND LUKThe technology: Code-named the Electronic Shift Gearbox, LuKs concept works by making use of a starter alternator thats connected to one of the transmission intake shafts, enabling the alternator to take on several functions. For example, while driving normally, the alternator serves as a replacement for the dynamo. It may also replace the starter and therefore fi re the engine into life via the gearbox, enabling a stop/start function. Furthermore, when braking, LuKs ESG can disconnect from the engine and use as much energy as possible to charge the battery. One noteworthy feature is that the starter alternator is also able to move an A/C compressor driven by the same shaft, which guarantees a pleasant climate inside the vehicle when the engine is switched off. Although LuK says this concept is one for the future, the German Tier 1 says its tomorrows world technology can reduce fuel consumption by as much as 20% over a manual.COMPANY: ZFThe technology: ZF is also working hard on hybrid transmissions. The German suppliers new eight-speed unit might be the fi rst multiratio transmission to provide for a stop/start function without an auxiliary pump, but further, the company says that installing a full hybrid version of the eight-speed auto is no problem and requires no modifi cations to the basic design with the eight-speed hybrid box having been designed for all current hybrid functionalities. The electric motor, clutch, torsional vibration damper and hydraulics for a full hybrid concept have been fi tted in the transmission in a space-saving package. In fact, ZF insists that the eight-speed auto as a full hybrid requires the same installation space as a conventional version. Even a mild hybrid with a starter generator, which ZF calls DynaStart, can be easily installed in the transmission regardless of the installation space.COMPANY: DRIVETRAIN INNOVATIONSThe technology: This blossoming R&D company in the Netherlands has come up with an innovative transmission development. Known as the Hybrid CVT, DTIs module combines the benefi ts of a mild hybrid CVT with those of a peak-shaving fl ywheel. The module transforms a pulley CVT into a fuel-effi cient, high-performance, and cost-effective hybrid transmission. According to the company, the Hybrid CVT has numerous benefi ts over rival hybrid transmissions, including low manufacturing and investment cost; a design thats based on existing transmission designs; low battery power demands and longer battery life; high fl ywheel power assist and fast engine start; and high top speed, towing and electric maneuvering.BatteryGeneratorInternalCombustionEngineElectricMotorPower SplitDeviceImprove Fuel Consumptionwith Romax HybridEngineering ServicesFinding the right hybrid concept is definitely challenging. With Romax hybrid engineering services, it doesnt have to be. We can help you to: Compare and contrast different hybrid driveline structures with our advancedenergy flow analysis Predict efficiencies of driveline sub-systems Modify and optimise driveline layout and operation Analyse and improve fuel consumption across all operating conditions and vehicle lifeWhat makes us unique? Break down of energy flow in the driveline to an unmatched level of detail Ability to compare functional efficiencies of different driveline architectures Guidance on design optimisation without being overwhelmed by data Enabling a unique understanding of energy flow behaviour in different statesTo find out how Romax hybrid engineeringservices can help youVisit: Mail: sales?CONTACT DETAILSPAULSTRA OIL SEAL DIVISIONZ.I. dEtriche - Route dAvire49504 Segre Cedex - France+33 (0)2 41 94 51 00+33 (0)2 41 92 22 67paulstra.sealsegre.hutchinson.fr Hyundai has unveiled a new six-speed transmission that boasts more than 12% better fuel economy than the companys outgoing fi ve-speed gearbox. The development is the culmination of a project that began in 2004.The new transmission means that Hyundai becomes only the third OEM in the world to develop its own six-speed transaxle, with the South Korean car maker sticking to its strict policy of developing gearboxes in-house and not relying on suppliers. Until now, only Toyota and a Ford/GM JV could claim to have developed their own, in-house six-speed unit.Most of the fuel economy savings are a result of the new transmissions reduced weight (down 12kg), length (41mm shorter), and parts (62 fewer than the fi ve-speed version). “The most distinguished thing about our transmission is the totally unique and advanced layout that makes it smaller, more compact, and lighter than any other six-speed on the market today,” Hyundais principle engineer for the transmission team, Hong Min Kim, tells TTi.“The hallmark of the gearbox, which has three planetary gearsets, is simplicity of design and a super-fl at torque converter that shortens the units length. Four pinion differentials Hyundai is only the third company in the world to have developed its own six-speed transmissionimprove durability and further minimize size.” The addition of a sixth gear helped to realize the main fuel savings, but closer ratio spacing also played a part as no exotic materials were used during the development. However, Kims team created a new oil that has low viscous characteristics to reduce overall transmission-oil resistance during operation. “We adopted slip lock-up control into the torque converter,” explains Kim. “This 10 HYUNDAI AUTOMATICtechnology improves fuel economy by reducing transmission oil slippage in the torque converter. It performs as a clutch in a manual but is operated by transmission oil.”Designed for transverse-engine applications in passenger cars and SUVs, the six-speed is so advanced that Hyundai had to apply for nearly 300 patents relating to the technology.“A good example of engineering ingenuity is to be found in the design of the hydraulic pressure control unit,” says Kim. “Because there are always slight manufacturing deviations from one solenoid valve to the next, which cause fl uctuation in the hydraulic pressure and affect shift precision and quality, we integrated adjustment screws into each of the valves that enable them to be individually calibrated at the factory. “This feature ensures stable hydraulic pressure at any shift point that facilitates a high degree of precision and control needed to deliver fast, smooth, and precise shifts throughout the rpm range. The gearbox does not have a dipstick as it is fi lled for life with an automatic transmission fl uid that needs no topping up, which also reduces costs.”The transaxle will fi rst feature in the new Grandeur equipped with a 3.3-liter V6 petrol engine. It will then be available in a further 16 Hyundai models, including the new Santa Fe, and nine Kia products. TTiThe new automatic will be launched in all global marketsTransmission Technology International | January 2010Magic numberThe six-speed transmission will be made available to innumerable Hyundai and Kia vehicles, including the new CoupeHyundais six-speed transmission weighs 12kg less than the outgoing fi ve-speedMobile +27 82 331 4956 Fax +27 11 476 3285 Email: jnaudeVaribox CVT Technologies has developed a two stage ratcheting CVT called the Naudic RotorCVT. This CVT features a robust and very simple design, intended for small vehicles. A 25-50 kW prototype has been built and testing so far indicates signifi cant advantages in terms of weight, mechanical effi ciency, and production cost. This prototype includes a geared neutral and therefore eliminates the need for a launching device.Varibox CVT Technologies has also developed a prototype proven, mechanical positive drive CVT transmission called the Naudic iCVT. The current model features 78 ratios that shift ratios under load without any clutch or torque convertor. The main drive is via a custom purpose silent chain. It also features a newly developed integrated mechanical ratio shifting device.The RotorCVT prototype as well as a fully functional model of the 78 ratio iCVT will be displayed at our stand at the8th International CTI Symposium“Innovative Automotive Transmissions”30 November 2 December 2009 in Berlin, Germany.stand no. 68Famed for its manual and automatic transmissions, Renault is now working hard on developing its own DCT systems as John Challen found out during a recent visit to France12 OEM INTERVIEW: RENAULTTransmission Technology International | January 2010 Fuel economy and fuel effi ciency are two phrases commonly used by Franois Gougeon, Renaults director of engineering for transmissions projects, when he talks about the future direction of the companys vehicles. This year has seen a shift in emphasis for Renault, with the French manufacturer determined to bring clean motoring to the European masses. “The Renault strategy is to be the leader in low CO2 levels in the European market, and the transmission should support this target,” he says with authority. “Our transmissions will support our engine technology evolution, where we have used and will continue to use downsizing and turbochargers on our engines. To use the engine to its potential, and therefore reduce CO2 as much as possible, we need the best transmission ratio, which will be obtained by extending the gear spread for each ratio.”Gougeon believes that while the demand for automatic transmissions is currently very low in Europe, Renaults efforts with the DCT technology will change all that. “Breakthroughs in automatic transmission technology are clearly coming from DCT systems, because it combines manual transmission technology for its torque, and adopts an automatic shift,” says the Frenchman. “We believe this technology is very appropriate for engines that are heavily downsized, and they make for a very effi cient powertrain in terms of fuel consumption and also performance of the gearbox, including shift quality. If the customer decides to pay for an automatic transmission on their car, they need to be given the comfort that is in-line with what they paid for. The comfort of a robotized transmission is not enough compared with the money you have to pay for the automatic features it brings. A true automatic is more appropriate.”Gougeon reveals that Renault has been working hard to achieve a reduction in the internal losses, and manage the internal friction levels within the system itself. He believes that further developments in automatics will again help in this area. “I think switching from hydraulic actuation to electronic actuation in automatic transmissions will be the future, because it enables you to minimize losses.”Renault is not keen to play the numbers game that has seen the introduction of gearboxes with seven and eight speeds, and even talk of a nine-speed box in the future. Instead, for Gougeon, its all about the joy of six: “One more gear will mean more cost and more weight, and we are aware that this extra cost and weight affects the value for the customer. At the moment there is no need to “I think switching from hydraulic actuation to electronic actuation in auto transmissions will be the future, because it enables you to minimize losses”Fast track13OEM INTERVIEW: RENAULTJanuary 2010 | Transmission Technology InternationalCurrently available with a six-speed manual unit, the new Mgane Renault Sport might soon be sporting a DCTMANUAL LABORAll the transmission talk at Renault at the moment might be about new automatic transmissions, but for now, manual drive is the way forward. Gougeon recognizes that fact and is hopeful that a new breed of manual transmissions can aid Renault in its quest for a greener future. “At the moment, while there is a low market share for automatic transmissions in Europe, we need to have a stronger manual transmission line-up with more effi cient units. It is important for us to keep the technology up to date in terms of fuel consumption, and in that respect we have quite an effi cient line-up. For many years, three-speed automatics and four-speed manuals were industry standard. However, since the new millennium these numbers have been usurped by transmissions with seven, eight, or even nine speeds. In todays diverse global market, we are seeing transmission engineers pushing the envelope. The question is whether its being pushed beyond wider ratio spreads, quick and seamless ratio transitions, and the lowest possible parasitic losses,” he says. “It is safe to say that more ratios beyond current levels will add complexity and cost, while the potential for incremental effi ciency gains are approaching.”put a seven-speed transmission in our cars. Weve studied it, and the best compromise at this point is to keep the six-speed transmission.“When you look at the capacity that we have to control the gear change, the value of a seventh speed is not clear to me,” says the Renault man. “If the size of a car or an engine changes dramatically, it may make more sense, but not at the moment. Some manufacturers “The new R&D structure will help to speed up synergies, but in the transmission fi eld we have plenty of experience of sharing units and technology.”Gougeon says all future developments under consideration are being done with Nissan. “We respect each others customers and their needs, and we work on a daily basis with the Nissan team to develop the appropriate product for each brand,” he reveals. “We cover a great number of segments in several markets, so there is room for many technologies in each market. And we learn about Nissans experience in automatic transmissions because it knows the needs of the automatic and CVT customer.” Gougeon says he hopes to use Nissans experience to generate success with its advanced automatic transmissions in Europe.Although he would not go into detail about the future transmission line-up, Gougeon did reveal that he is looking carefully at which gearboxes are being offered to the ever-growing range of Renault and Nissan vehicles. “Our aim is to rationalize the overall line-up of the alliance. We are working on an appropriate line-up for all our needs, including ones that will help our CO2 emissions reduction program,” he says. “Each market is in a different position with regard to CO2 reduction, so we are working to prepare for the future, based on the current technologies and line-up. Very soon you will see a new product line-up, including the results of some innovations that we are developing.” TTiDesigned for emerging markets, Renaults new Fluence model will be launched with a DCT proof that the French OEM is investing heavily in new transmission systems may react if the customer thinks that the more speed there is, the better the product it will become. But when we look from a technical point-of-view and one of effi ciency which is our target a seven-speed transmission is not the answer.”Renaults cause and its promise of a bright future for automatics will be helped by Japanese cohort Nissan. Renaults partnership with Nissan has seen the automotive group become the worlds third largest. Its been a decade since the formation of the alliance, during which time group sales have increased from 4.9 million to more than seven million per year. Great efforts have been made in 2009, the 10th anniversary year, to work more closely together for the good of the bigger organization. A rationalization program was announced earlier in the year to create greater synergies and provide US$2.15 billion in free cash to the alliance partners. Powertrain development will make up US$415 million of the total synergies. “We are working together on a daily basis within the alliance,” says Gougeon, himself a former Nissan employee. 14 OEM INTERVIEW: RENAULTTransmission Technology International | January 2010Renault has unveiled an EV product development plan that will have a major impact on future transmissionsGougeon says that Renault will continue to work closely with Nissan, so the French OEM can learn about CVTsPutting the smarter heat to smarter Many of the worlds finest carmakers have a few things in common.Heres why EFD Induction is one of them.A proven track record. Technical excellence. And the ability to come up with cost-cutting answers. These are just some of the things automakers and their suppliers insist upon. Which is why, when it comes to hardening auto components, many of them turn to EFD Induction.We design, make and maintain high-uptime induction hardening systems. In fact, were the worlds no.1 induction hardening companywith plants and labs in the US, Europe and Asia. So wherever you are, theres a good chance were in the neighbourhood.Weve been in the induction heating business for more than 50 years, developing systems to harden valves, camshafts, crankshafts, balancing shafts, connection rods, starter rings and gudgeon pins.To learn more about EFD Inductionand how we can help improve your businessjust contact us. After all, many of the worlds finest carmakers already have.Climate change16 SUPPLIER INTERVIEW: ZFTransmission Technology International | January 2010Being in charge of product development for one of the leading transmission suppliers is far from straightforward, as Keith Read found out when he spoke to ZFs Jrgen Greiner17SUPPLIER INTERVIEW: ZFJanuary 2010 | Transmission Technology International All component suppliers appreciate praise from their customers. But Dr Jrgen Greiner, ZFs executive responsible for product development, was overwhelmed when Porsches chief technical offi cer said the new Panamera dual clutch transmission could only have been developed with ZF . “It was a very proud moment to be told by Dr Wolfgang Durheimer that ZF was the only partner that could have handled it,” says Greiner. “Working closely with the customer is vital. We cannot make transmissions on our own then tell the customer, This is it, and you have to take it. It would be nice but its not the way our world works.”However, when it comes to R&D, ZF spends considerable amounts of its own resources US$983 million last year to advance transmission designs and effi ciency and to attract customers, especially during diffi cult economic times. “Yes, we had to reduce some programs, but the main programs are still running and they are running on time and to the same quality levels we are used to,” says Greiner. “The ZF management really emphasizes R&D.“We have certainly saved some money in the development department by reducing costs where necessary call it good housekeeping. Nobody knows how long the economic situation will last, but really painful cuts in our R&D are not planned.“Its important that our customers are not compromised,” he continues with authority. “They need new transmissions for their CO2 programs and they are prepared to spend the money in order to have them ready for the market to avoid losing their competitiveness.“We have seen this taking place in the USA. In my opinion, GM, Chrysler and Ford all lack fuel-saving powertrain technologies. Theyve kept their four-speed transmissions for 50 years, and will keep them for another 50 years if they are not forced to do something to reduce fuel consumption.“We think we are on the right track, with the right product for the markets, and we will push through to the future.”Greiner believes that the key transmissions trend in years to come will be for manual transmission systems, which he thinks will account for more than 50% of the world market due to the move toward smaller cars and downsized engines. Even without these cutbacks, the German Tier 1 would not have expected the percentage share to be much lower than 50%.“There is still a big market for manual transmissions, especially in Europe and the emerging markets the BRIC states where manual transmissions will prevail, as markets such as China will develop less-expensive cars with manual transmissions.”Greiner goes on to explain why he thinks the main design for automatics will remain the torque converter: “One reason for this is the production capacity. All the independent transmission manufacturers, like ZF , mainly produce automatics with planetary gearboxes. For our competitors, such as Jatco and Aisin, “Its important that our customers are not compromised. They need new transmissions for their CO2 programs and they are prepared to spend the money in order to have them ready for the market” HISTORY REPEATING ITSELFZFs product history timeline shows that the company adds a gear to its automatic transmissions almost every 10 years: the three-speed was launched in 1973, the four-speed was introduced in 1982, the fi ve-speed followed in 1990, and the six-speed was unveiled in 2001. The seven-speed (debuted in 2003) and the eight-speed (revealed in 2007) broke the trend, due to rapidly advancing requirements for cleaner, less thirsty cars. So where and when will the growth of gears end? “I dont know,” admits Greiner. “The marketing department is taking advantage of this, but it is not the main driver to have more gears. Our main driver is gear ratio spread. We went from the six-speed, with a ratio spread of about six, to the eight-speed, which has a spread of seven, and the dual clutch transmission has a spread of 10.“We decided to have 10 because the Panamera has no torque converter, which is an extra gear in a conventional automatic transmission. When you launch the car, with a gear ratio of about 1.5, the Panamera starts in fi rst or second, with both clutches engaged. “It was diffi cult and we had to do a lot of work to make it happen, but we did it because it was a special function that Porsche demanded.”ZF is pushing ahead with hybrid transmissions (above) but that technology is for tomorrows world. In the meantime, the German Tier 1 has launched a new seven-speed DCT that will feature in Porsche applications (below)points out. “The second generation will be easier its always this way when you launch a new concept.”And the future for CVT is all but dead, believes Greiner. He says they will continue mainly in Japan but disappear in Europe. “Daimler is getting out of CVTs and we stopped developing them in 2005. I dont think the CVT is a trend that we will see in the USA.“The trend is moving toward very high gear ratios and there is a limit that CVTs can handle,” he continues. “There is a certain torque capacity limitation that CVTs can handle 400Nm, maybe a little higher. And then there are the costs CVTs have a very cost-intensive content.”Leaving cost aside, it tends to be emissions and fuel economy levels that are the main drivers when it comes to developing new transmission systems.“Automatics are one of the best evolving transmissions in an age where frugal cars are king. Whenever we think about a new concept or develop a new transmission, the main thing we think about is always fuel economy. “Since we and others developed six-speed units, the image of automatics being slow, ineffi cient and uneconomic has gone. People now buy automatics because of fuel consumption reduction. The newest developments have a lower fuel consumption than a manual because of the shift program.“We achieved the change in perception by making technical improvements in big steps. A lot of innovation went into new automatic transmissions to get rid of this image. With our six-speed we made a 5-6% fuel consumption improvement over our previous fi ve-speed transmission. And with our eight-speed we are gaining another 6% reduction. You can drive a six-cylinder diesel with 300bhp and get more than 35mpg excellent and much better than current four-cylinder cars. “OEMs have to do something about four-cylinder cars. They are still bad, especially on front-wheel-drive systems, and there is still a market gap for very effi cient transmissions. We are thinking all the time about another transmission concept for front-wheel-drive.”Hybrids are another area of interest for ZF: “We see hybridization, from a technical standpoint, as much easier on conventional automatics because you can replace the torque converter with a hybrid element,” says Greiner. “This is more diffi cult with a double clutch system because you do not have the packaging room. “You cannot take out the double clutch because it is the launching element. But you can replace the torque converter in a conventional automatic transmission with an internal launching element, which saves packaging space. I wont say that a double clutch transmission cannot be hybridized, but its more diffi cult to do. In addition, reducing weight, rather than adding it, is a main driver when we are developing hybrids.” TTi and OEMs such as Chrysler, GM, Ford, VW and Daimler, who make their own transmissions, the trend will be to focus on automatics because there is a huge production volume available due to capital investment in facilities. This is especially the case in the USA.“The future for double clutch transmissions is that they will gain share slowly, especially for front-wheel-drive cars, for smaller cars, and in certain markets. In Europe, for instance, Volkswagen has set the strategy to go with double clutch transmissions. “In markets such as Asia, Japan, and the USA, we do not see a big penetration of double clutch transmissions for various reasons. In the USA, they love the torque converter because of trailer towing and because of its start-up/launch behavior, which is so different to a double clutch transmission.“But in Europe, people like double clutch transmissions and this technology is replacing manuals. Volkswagen had great success when they introduced the DSG, and a lot of manual drivers went to this gearbox because they said it gives the right feeling like a manual.”Yet one of the challenges for dual clutch transmissions is production. Greiner explains that DCTs need very fi ne manufacturing tolerances and a robust performance when the unit is applied to the vehicle. “Conventional automatics are not so sensitive to tolerances, but double clutch transmissions challenge manufacturing technologies, tolerances and robustness. “On conventional automatics we have 40 years experience, but our double clutch has been in production for just one year,” he “The future for double clutch transmissions is that they will gain market share slowly, especially for front-wheel-drive”Transmission Technology International | January 201018 SUPPLIER INTERVIEW: ZFhybrid amtDrivetrain Innovations develops cost-effective and fuel saving transmission solutions.Drivetrain InnovationsT +31 40 2931082info dtinnovations.nlwww.dtinnovations.nl 1.5 s0020406080100120246810123 sspeed km/htime sAcceleration 0-100km/hTorque filled AMTAMTdry DCTHybrid AMTCSCflywheel& clutchtorque fill modulee-KERS moduleFrom a Manual Transmission to a cost-effective low-voltage Hybrid AMTpowerpack1.6L diesel + MT3.7L/100km98 g/km+ torque filled AMT3.5L/100km93 g/km+ impulse start/stop3.3L/100km88 g/km+ e-KERS hybrid3.0L/100km80 g/kmco2Impulse start/stop moduleTorque fill module0231 DTI_adv_A4_DEF.indd 229-10-09 17:3820 SUPPLIER INTERVIEW: AFTON CHEMICAL Transmission Technology International | January 2010“Globally, 45% of new vehicles are equipped with manual transmissions, but in the next decade we expect that fi gure to fall to 30%”Dr Harald Maelger, Afton global OEM manager21SUPPLIER INTERVIEW: AFTON CHEMICALJanuary 2010 | Transmission Technology International When it comes to making the worlds energy supply greener, technology can be no substitute for policy. Take the 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change Conference (December 7-18), where (at the time of going to press) 20,000 delegates from 192 countries were set to lobby for massive cuts in carbon emissions. Undoubtedly the greatest conundrum faced by politicians and environmentalists is to balance the automotive industrys heavy reliance on oil while ensuring that the industry does its bit in order for wider global climate change targets to be met.Afton Chemical is one organization that is helping automotive companies to redress the environmental balance. Employing 1,150 people in 115 countries, it is one of the world leaders in developing petroleum additives that enhance the performance of lubricating oils in automatic transmissions, manual transmissions and axles.The company, which last year recorded an annual turnover of US$1.6 billion, had the foresight to realize that with EVs still at an embryonic stage, it is fuel-effi cient automatic transmission designs such as DCTs and CVTs that are likely to enjoy a greater market share as makers look to meet green responsibilities.Afton is confi dent that the demand for the DCT will soar during the course of the next decade; in anticipation they have been working closely with OEMs such as Volkswagen to develop next-generation DCT additive technology. One man central to the talks with Volkswagen is Aftons global OEM manager, Dr Harald Maelger, who says, “Currently, 45% of vehicles on the worlds roads have manual transmissions, but in the next decade we expect that fi gure to fall to 30%, which means huge gains for the automatic transmission market.“Right now many of the major OEMs, including VW, BMW, Audi and Ford have successfully introduced DCTs in their passenger cars. The DCT system the OEM chooses is defi ned by the required level of torque. Low-torque applications typically use a dry DCT system, while in high-torque applications, a wet DCT system is favored.“Each DCT system requires a bespoke blend of additives to function,” he continues. “The principal challenge in terms of developing such fl uids is to obtain the correct balance between the frictional performance needed to allow smooth and consistent operation of the clutches, with the other basic transmission lubricant requirements, such as load carrying, anti-wear and corrosion protection.“By 2020, we expect 20% of new passenger cars to be installed with a DCT. Wet DCT is The right blendJames Gordon speaks to Dr Harald Maelger, global OEM manager at Afton Chemical, about how dual clutch gearboxes might soon rule the transmissions roostWords: J
温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
提示  人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享,仅供网友学习交流,未经上传用户书面授权,请勿作他用。
关于本文
本文标题:远舰汽车变速器设计【两轴式五档手动】【7张CAD图纸】【汽车车辆专业】
链接地址:https://www.renrendoc.com/p-402787.html

官方联系方式

2:不支持迅雷下载,请使用浏览器下载   
3:不支持QQ浏览器下载,请用其他浏览器   
4:下载后的文档和图纸-无水印   
5:文档经过压缩,下载后原文更清晰   
关于我们 - 网站声明 - 网站地图 - 资源地图 - 友情链接 - 网站客服 - 联系我们

网站客服QQ:2881952447     

copyright@ 2020-2025  renrendoc.com 人人文库版权所有   联系电话:400-852-1180

备案号:蜀ICP备2022000484号-2       经营许可证: 川B2-20220663       公网安备川公网安备: 51019002004831号

本站为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知人人文库网,我们立即给予删除!