精读BOOK 5 lesson 1.doc

1sermon 布道，讲道，说教talk given by a priest or minister in churchThe minister preaches a sermon now and then.牧师不时地讲道。2 appreciate vt.1. 感激,感谢be pleased about sth that sb has done for you vt.2. 欣赏,赏识,重视understand and enjoy sth vt.3. 意识到,体会 realize and understand vi. & vt.4. 增值,涨价increase in value; raise value or pricesThings appreciate as time goes on.货物价格逐日上涨I appreciate the hospitality you have shown us.感谢你对我们的盛情款待She appreciates a work of art.她欣赏一件艺术品His abilities were not appreciated in that school.他的才能在该校未受赏识3 process vt.加工,处理 put sth through an industrial or manufacturing process in order to change vi.列队行进 walk or move (as if) in procession process dairy products加工乳制品 process the data处理数据 过程,进程series of actions工序,制作法method, especially one used in industry to make sth C 传票; 诉讼程序a summons; the proceeding serve a process发出传票 shorten the process缩短过程 simplify the process简化手续4 console v. :consolable 安慰,慰藉sympathize relieve5 frustrate vt. & vi.1.挫败; 破坏 prevent the fulfilment defeat vt. & vi.2.(使)沮丧 (cause sb to) have feelings of annoyed disappointmentIllness frustrated his plan.生病使他的计划受阻He felt extremely frustrated when things went against him.形势对他不利时,他感到非常失望6confront 1.vt.1.使面对bring face to face; vt.2.与相对be opposite toconfront的基本意思是“出现在面前”,多指困难、任务等出现在某人的面前。即“勇敢地面对”“正视”。confront还常用于表示“当面对质”。 confront danger面对危险 confront death面对死亡confront sb/sth with sb/sth以面对; 使面临 The new system was confronted with great difficulties at the start.这项新制度刚开始就遇到了很大的困难。As soon as he was confronted with the evidence, he confessed.拿出证据与他对质时,他就招供了。7 outside the scope of within the scope of8. consist of consist in consist with9. bewilder vt.使迷惑,使难住 confuse Im bewildered as to which one to buy.我不清楚要买哪一个。He was so bewildered that he did not know what to do.他非常迷惑,不知道做什么。10. context 1.背景,环境 the general conditions in which an event, action, etc., take place C 2.上下文,前后关联 the words that come before and after another word or a sentence You can always tell the meaning of a word from its context.你常可以从上下文中猜出词义来。11. reduce vt.缩减,减少; 降低 make less in size, amount, price, degree, etc. vi.减轻体重,节食 lose weight intentionly; diet vt.降职 make sb lower in rank or status; demote sb vt.使陷入某种状态或状况中 bring sb/sth into a specified state or condition vt.将概括或简化 change sth to a more general or basic formreduce by(v.+prep.)reduce sth by sth 1.使以(某幅度)减少 make (sth such as an amour or price) lessThey have reduced the price by ten percent.他们已降价10%reduce in(v.+prep.)使方面降低 bring (sth/sb) down with regard to (a level, price, etc.)reduce sb/sth in sth He would not reduce it in price.他不愿降低它的价格reduce to说明 reduce to通常不用于进行体。1.使降低到,遭受 bring sth to a smaller number or amount; especially humble, unpleasant, or dishonourablereduce sb/sth to sth/ They reduced the expenses to 60 per cent.他们将开支压缩到60%The fighting reduced the city to a shambles.这场战斗使这座城市成了一片废墟。12. refuge 庇护所,避难处; 庇护,避难(a place that provides) protection or shelter from danger They found a refuge in a cave.他们避难于一个山洞中13. quote vt.提供引证 give a reference, etc.to support a statement vt.提出价格; 报价 name a priceShe quoted the report to support her point.她援引报告中的话来支持自己的观点They quoted us 400 pounds.他们向我们报价400英镑TEND14. counter vt. & vi. 对抗,反驳oppose; move or act in opposition C 1.柜台,柜台式长桌a narrow table or flat surface at which customers are served in a shop, bank, etc. C 2.计数器an electrical apparatus that counts The debater countered with another argument.这个辩论者提出另一个论点进行反驳15. encounter vt.1.遇到,遭遇meet or have to deal with vt.2.偶然碰到,邂逅meet unexpectedly C突然遇到a sudden meeting, usually either unexpected or dangerous On her way home she encountered an old friend.在回家的路上,她偶遇一个老朋友。16. apply applicant Plate tray17. given tend A 规定的,特定的fixed for a purpose and stated as such given areatime特定地区时间be given to有癖好; 倾向于be in the habit of or to have a tendency to Shes given to depression.她有消沉的倾向。Children are given to asking question.孩子们喜欢问问题 given 1.(表示原因)考虑到think over sth; consider sth 2.(表示假设)倘若; 假定if one takes into account Given the present conditions,I think shes done rather well.考虑到目前的条件,我认为她已做得相当出色。Given the chance,Id do it again.如果有机会,我会再干一次。While away18. definevt.1.精确地解释;state precisely the meaning of words; interpret vt.2.规定,确定stipulate; fixPlease listen while I define your duties.在我规定你的职责时,请仔细听好。Some words are hard to define because they have many different usages.有些单词因有许多不同的用法而难以下定义。19 amount vi.1.合计,共计add up to or total sth vi.2.等同,接近be equal to or equivalent of sth amount to(v.+prep.)1.共计reach the total of; make sth as a totalamount to sthThe bill amounts to $500.这张账单共计500美元2.等于；相当于；意味着 be equal to or the same as sth; signifyamount to sth/v-ingHer reply amounts to a refusal.她的回答等于拒绝not amount to mucha great deal 不太重要，没什么了不起not be very impressive, important, etc.The results of the research dont really amount to much.这些研究结果其实意义并不大 amount U C1. 金额a sum of money;a quantity of money U C2. 数量；数额a quantity of sth20 alternative C1. 取舍,抉择,可供选择的事物sth that may be taken or chosen instead of one or more others C2. 选择的余地,可供选择的机会a chance to choose or decide between two or more possible thingsThere are several alternatives to your plan.除了你的计划外,还有另外几种供选择的方案 A1. 两者择一的,供替代的(of two or more things) that may be used, done, etc., instead of another A2. 不寻常的,非传统性的different from what is usual or traditional A3. 非正统的not based on the established standards We returned by the alternative road.我们从另一条路回来的21 individual single human beingThe purpose of the law is to protect the right of the individual.该法律目的是为了保护个人权利。 A1. 个别的,单独的,个人的 single; separate A2. 独特的 characteristic of a single person, animal, plant or thing; particular individual effortcontribution个人努力贡献 individual style独特风格 individual way独特方式read implicationShe has her own individual style of doing things.她有自己独特的行事风格 22. express vt.1.表达,表示,陈述 put into words; say what one means; make plain; show vt.2.特快发送,快运 send a letter, etc. fast by special deliveryC1. 快车 very fast train A1. 特快的,高速的 going, sent quickly express as表示为 用于be ed结构Anger is often expressed as violence.愤怒常以暴力的形式发泄出来。 express from从中榨挤出 press from They can express the juice from grapes to make wine.他们可以从葡萄中挤出汁来做酒。 express in(v.+prep.)用表示表达 use (sth) put into wordsThe composer expresses his sorrow in his music.这位作曲家用音乐表达他的悲伤。23 propose vt. & vi. 提议; 建议 offer or put forward for consideration, as a suggestion, plan or purpose ropose a persons health提议为某人的健康而干杯propose to向求婚Man proposes,God disposes.谋事在人,成事在天24 track vt.跟踪,追踪 follow (an animal, etc.) by the mark, footprints, etc. 踪迹,痕迹,足迹 line or series of marks left by a moving vehicle, person, animal, etc. C 小路 path or rough road, especially one made by vehicles, people or animals C 路径,进程路线 course taken by sth/sb (whether it can be seen or not) C U 轨道 set of rails for train C 跑道 prepared course or circuit for racing C 轮带,履带 cont