表语从句(经典).doc

表语从句一 定义：表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语二引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1) 从属连词that。在从句中不做成分。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。造句：原因是他上学迟到了The reason was that he was late for school.(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如：1. He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。2. The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：All this was over twenty years ago, but its as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。eg： 1. 关键是我们是否能解决问题。The key is whether we can solve the problem.2. 看起来好像要下雨。 It looked as if it was going to rain.注：能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look，sound等。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 eg：听起来好像有人在敲门。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 在表语从句中做主语、宾语等。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 eg： 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The problem is who we can get to replace her.我想问的是谁离开了。 My question is who left. (4) 连接副词 where, when, how, why。What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何时离开的。This is where they once lived. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。造句：这就是他为何没到这儿来的原因。 That is why he didnt come here. 造句：问题是他是如何做此事的。 The question is how he did it.(5) 连词because可引导表语从句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。造句：这是仅仅因为他不认识她。 Its just because he doesnt know her. Thats because he didnt understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。(Thats because.强调原因) Thats why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。 (Thats why.强调结果) (6) 解释：2在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。三系动词分类:1、分为两大类：完全系动词（其后只能跟表语的动词，如be, seem）和半系动词（其后既可跟表语作系动词用法，也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用，如look） 例如：1） He looked sadly at the boy.(“看着”，实义动词用法) He looks a clever boy .（“看起来”，系动词用法） 2） He looks at a clever boy.（“看着”，实义动词用法）在英语中，某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法。2、分为四类：A五大感官系动词 B状态系动词C动态系动词 D双谓语系动词A五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词。1）look“看起来像是”，后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。 The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.这位女孩咬着嘴唇，看上去若有所思。2）smell“闻起来”，后接adj.分词。 The flowers smell sweet. 这些花气味真香。3）sound“听起来”，后接adj.分词。 The music sounds sweet.这首诗听起来真悦耳。4）taste“尝起来”，后接adj.分词。The apples taste very good. 这些苹果很好吃。5）Feel “摸起来，给感觉”；“觉得”，后接adj./p.p. You will feel better after a nights sleep. 睡上一晚，你会觉得好些。B状态系动词：1）be，“是”，属完全系动词。 I am a student. 我是一个学生。2）seem,“似乎，好像”，完全系动词。 They seem quite happy. 他们似乎很快乐。3）appear,“显得，看起来好像”，半系动词It appeared(to be)a true story.看来这是一个真实的故事。4）keep, “保持的状态”，半系动词，后接adj或介词短语。 Youd better go to bed and keep warm. 你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。5）remain,“仍是”，半系动词。 I remained silent. 我仍然缄默。6）stay“保持（某种状态）”半系动词，后接adj.、过去分词The window stayed open all the night.7）.prove “证明是”，半系动词，后接adj.n. The treatment proved to be successful. 这种疗法证明是成功的。C动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程。1）get“变成，变得起来”，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。 The days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长了。2）fall“进入（某种状态），成为”，后常接以下形容词：asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. 那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了。 My father fell ill and died. 我的父亲生病死了。3）grow“渐渐变得起来，长得” Its growing warm. 天气渐渐暖和起来了。4）turn“转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）”。Maple trees turn red in autumn. 枫叶在秋天变红了。 It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fine.今天早上是阴天，幸好已经转晴了。5)go，“变成（某种坏的状态）”The telephone has gone dead. 电话不通了。 The material has gone a funny colour. 这料子的颜色变得奇怪了。 go之后常接的adj. 还有：bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey.6)become“变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）”I became interested in drawing. 我开始对素描感兴趣了。He became angry with me. 他对我生气了。 They became good friends. 他们成了好朋友。7)come，“变成为（已知的状态），证实为”，后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化。His wish to become a pilot has come true. 他想当飞行员的愿望实现了If you look into the matter, everything will come clear. 如果你调查一下这事，一切都会清楚。后面常接的形容词还有：apart, dear（昂贵），natural, open, short, right（好了），unstuck（没有粘住），untied（松开）。8)run,“变成”，后接adj. The price ran high. 价格上升了。9)make，“达到某种状态后接形容词，如sure, certain, merry, bold, free We must make certain of facts.我们一定要弄清事实。D双谓语系动词 此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如：The run rose red.太阳升起红艳艳。She stopped and stood quite still.她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地堆积在地上。He married young. 他结婚很早。Lei Feng died young.雷锋早逝。He continued silent.他继续沉默不语。练习题：1.The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A. when B. why C. whether D. that 答案 D解析 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表从， 如看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表从将难以把握整个句子的意思因此应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。 2. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (2004) A. why B. where C. what D. how 答案 B解析 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词， “I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构)， 下划线应填入引导词where， 表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、 我不同意的地方”。 3. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 答案 A 解析 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语， 下划线应填入表示“因此”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。 4._ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 答案 A 解析 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语， 特指她所不理解的事情， 应填入关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处表示“因此”(指因某种原因所造成的后果， 由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么”(指原因、 理由， 由because引导对应的名词性从句)， 应填入引导词why。 5._ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because （B）解析 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语， 特指令校方骄傲的事情， 应选用关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、 理由， 应由that引导对应的名词性从句。6. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats _. (2003北京春) A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 答案 A 解析 A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”； B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”； C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”； D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”。四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应， 充当表语从句。 表语从句与宾语从句的关系注意：宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。 宾语从句：(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点 语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式。 时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时)。 连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去, 当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。 表语从句：在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。 如：What the police want to know is when you entered red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。 The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金。 This is what we should do这是我们应当做的。 That”s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。 His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。 注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序。 as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句。 She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事。 It is because you eat too much是因为你吃得太多了。系动词出现于单项选择题中The story sounds_ A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. trueThose oranges taste_ A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well-Are you feeling_? -Yes, Im fine now/ A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better-Can I join the club, Dad. -You can when you _a bit older.(NMET 94) A. get B. will get C. get D. will have got-Do you like the material? -Yes, it _very soft.(NMET 94) A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is feltI love to go to the seaside on Summer. It_ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. A. does B. feels C. gets D. makesCleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to payWhy dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed(以上七题答案分别如下：1.D, 2.A, 3.B, 4.A, 5.C, 6.B, 7.C, 8.B)2.系动词与短文改错They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.(were)Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.(be)3.系动词巩固练习What you have said_. Ais sounded interesting B sounds interesting Csound interested Dlistens