（预讲练结四步教学法）高中英语 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 总结 新人教版选修8.doc

【预讲练结】人教版选修八 unit 3 inventors and inventions 总结词汇详解：一.词语辨析 1.discover/find/invent【解释】discover表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误。find意为“发现，找到”，指对某种事物的寻求，也指对丢失的事物的找到。invent指设计或制造原来没有的东西。【练习】用discover，find，invent的适当形式填空。1).columbus_americain1492.2).youwill_itadifficultbook.3).whendidyou_thatshesmarried?4).ive_thebookiwashuntingfor.5).alexandergrahambell_thetelephonein1876.keys:1).discovered2).find3).found4).discover5).invented2.hope/wish/expect【解释】hope后面只能接不定式和that从句，表示一种有信心的可实现的希望。注意：1.hope后不能接动名词作宾语，也不能用hopesb.todosth.结构。2.省略答语中，not不可放在hope前，如不能说idonthopeso.只能说ihopenot.wish通常表示有某种未实现或无法实现的欲望或希望，wish后跟从句时常用虚拟语气。expect表示“预期，盼望，期待，料想”，后面可跟名词、代词、不定式，that从句等。【练习】用hope，wish，expect的适当形式填空。1).we_thatourchildrenwillcarryonourfamilytraditions.2).i_youaveryhappyfuture.3).whatdoyou_metodo?4).mostoftheparents_muchoftheirchildren.5).iam_aletterfromher.6).i_iwerereallywealthy.keys:1).hope2).wish3).wish/expect4).expect5).expecting6).wish3.bear/endure/stand/tolerate【解释】bear强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力，常用于否定句中。endure意为“经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服”，强调持久力和意志坚强，常用于否定句中。stand强调不屈不挠或经受得起，常用于否定句中。tolerate意为“忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗”，语气最弱，可用于肯定句和否定句。【练习】用bear，endure，stand，tolerate的适当形式填空。1).ourtentwont_anotherstormlikethelastone.2).icant_towaitanylonger.3).shesalreadyhadto_threepainfuloperationsonherleg.4).iwillnot_thatsortofbehaviourinmyclass.keys:1).stand2).bear3).endure4).tolerate4.setoff/setout/setabout【解释】setoff“出发”，侧重于去某个地方。setout“出发，开始”，侧重于开始做某事，还有规划，展现的意思，后加不定式。setabout“开始，着手”，与setout意思相近，后加v-ing形式。【练习】用setoff，setout，setabout的适当形式填空。1).theysucceededinwhattheyhad_todo.2).havingmadeuphismind,he_carryingouttheplan.3).ifyouwanttocatchthattrainwedbetter_forthestationimmediately.keys:1).setout2).setabout3).setoff二.词性变化1.mercyn.仁慈，宽容mercifuladj.宽恕的mercilessadj.残忍的；无情的2.abruptadj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的abruptlyadv.突然地；粗鲁地3.expectvt.期待，预期，指望expectationn.期待，预料，指望，展望unexpected.adj.想不到的，未预料unexpectedlyadv.出乎意料地，想不到地4.freezev.(使)冻结，(使)结冰n.冻结；冰冻期freezingn.冰点adj.冰冻的，严寒的5.practisevt.&vi.实行；练习；实习practicen.练习，实习，实践，习俗practicaladj.实际的，实践的，实用的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1).thisresultwasbeyondmywildest_(expect).2).shewassubjectedtothe_(mercy)criticismofheropponents.3).theyaskedhertobe_(mercy)totheprisoners.4).wemustputourplansinto_(practise).5).yourinventionisvery_(practice).6).theyounggirlpractices_(play)theviolineveryday.7).hisfatherdied_(expect),anditwastenyearssincetheywerelasttogether.8).wewere_(freeze)coldinthetentlastnight.9).ourconversationcametoan_(abruptly)endwhengeorgeburstintotheroom.keys:1).expectation2).merciless3).merciful4).practice5).practical6).playing7).unexpectedly8).freezing9).abrupt三.重点词汇1.distinguish辨别；辨认；（常与from,between连用）区别；区分典例1).icandistinguishthematadistance.从远处我能认出他们。2).themandistinguisheshimselfbyhiswisdom这个人因智慧而扬名。重点用法distinguishafromb辨别a与bbedistinguishedfrom不同于.bedistinguishedby以.为特征bedistinguishedfor因.而著称distinguishoneself显扬自己；使自己扬名练习根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。1).canyoudistinguish_thosetwoobjects?2).childrenshouldbetaughtto_(分辨好坏).3).speechdistinguisheshumanbeings_theanimals.4).thechinesenationisdistinguished_itsdiligenceandcourage.keys:1).between2).distinguishrightfromwrong3).from4).for2.convenientadj.便利的，方便的conveniencen.便利，方便convenientlyadv.便利地典例1).isitconvenientforyoutocomenextsunday?下个星期天你方便来吗？2).icantseehimnow;itsnotconvenient.我现在不便见他。重点用法beconvenienttosb.对某人方便itisconvenient(forsb)todosth.(某人)做某事方便练习根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).comeandseeme_(无论你何时方便).2).wemustarrangea_(convenience)timeandplaceforthemeeting.3).ikeepmyreferencebooksnearbydeskfor_(convenient).keys:1).wheneveritsconvenienttoyou2).convenient3).convenience3.seizevt.抓住，捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）典例1).sheseizedmebythewrist.她抓住我的手腕。2).panicseizedus.我们惊恐万状。重点用法seizeholdofsth抓住某物seizeachance/anopportunity抓住时机seizeon/uponsth意识到某事物而立即加以利用练习完成句子。1).hisfatheraskedhim_(抓住时机赚一些钱).2).we_(身不由己)byasuddenimpulsetorun.3).thecritics_(抓住)mymistakeandsaidiwasignorant.keys:1).toseizethechancetomakesomemoney2).wereseized3).seizedon4.filen.c文件；档案vt.把.归档典例1).hereareourfilesontheresultsofthebusinessinthepastfiveyears.这是我们过去五年来经营成绩的案卷。2).pleasefilethispaperaway,missmary.玛丽小姐，请把这份文件归档。重点用法haveopenkeepafileon存有设立保存.的档案练习翻译下面的句子。1).她把她所有的信件仔细归档。_2).他阅读了有关这个案件的全部卷宗。_keys:1).shefiledallherletterscarefully.2).hereadallthefilesonthecase.5.hangvt.&vi.(hung;hung)悬挂，附着；悬挂着vt.(hanged;hanged)吊死，绞死典例1).hispictureswerehunginthemuseumofmodemarts.他的画在现代艺术馆展出。2).themanwashangedformurder.那男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑。重点用法hangabout闲待着，终日无所事事；闲荡hangon紧握着；(电话用语)别挂断hangup挂；挂断电话；延迟；推迟或搁置练习用与hang的正确形式或相关的词组填空。1).she_thephoneangrilybeforeicouldspeak.2).he_formurder.3).thecurtain_well.4)._aminute;imjustcoming.keys:1).hungup2).washanged3).hangs4).hangon四.重点词组1.callup征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；打电话给某人典例1).hecalledmeuptotellmethegoodnews.他打电话给我并告诉我这个好消息。2).iwascalledupthreemonthsafterwarbrokeout.战争爆发后的第三个月，我应征入伍。短语归纳call短语：callback召回；回电话；收回处理callon/at拜访(on后跟人；at后跟地点名词)callfor要求，提倡，为.叫喊callforth使产生；引起；使起作用callin召集，召来，来访calloff取消；取消或延期callout出动，唤起，大声叫唤练习根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或副词。1).thisistheworkthatcalls_patience.2).humanrightsgroupsarecalling_thereleaseofpoliticalprisoners.3).hehadto_themeetingbecauseofthebadweather.4).illcall_himtomorrowdoyouwanttovisithimwithme?5).thecompanyhascalled_allsuchmodelsasbuiltin1990.6).thegovernmentthencalled_troopstodealwiththedisturbances.7).theoldphotocalls_memoriesofmychildhood.keys:1).for2).for3).off4).on5).back6).in7).up2.setaboutsth/doingsth(不用於被动语态)开始（某工作）；着手做某事典例1).imustsetaboutmypacking.我得开始收拾行李了。2).thenewgovernmentmustsetaboutfindingsolutionstothecountryseconomicproblems.新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。短语归纳set短语：setsthaside将某事物放在一边；（为某目的）节省或保留（钱或时间）setsthdown将某事物记在纸上；写下来setout从某地出发上路setoff开始（旅行、赛跑等）setsthoff使（炸弹、地雷等）爆炸setto精力充沛地开始做某事setsthup摆放或竖起某物；创（体育）记录练习根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。1).idontknowhowtoset_thisjob.2).sheset_anewworldrecordtime_the100metres.3).theyset_onthelaststage_theirjourney.4).howdoseniormanagersset_makingthesedecisions?keys:1).about2).up;in3).out;of4).about3.(every)nowandthen/again时而；偶尔；有时典例1).iliketogototheoperanowandthen.我喜欢偶尔去看歌剧。2).everynowandagainshewentupstairstoseeifhewasstillasleep.她时而到楼上看看他是否还在睡着。短语归纳now短语：now(that).由於.；既然rightnow此刻；现在bynow到目前为止justnow刚才fromnowon从现在开始练习用与now相关的词组填空。1).soniashouldhavebeenhome_.doyouthinkshesok?2).ihearfromhim_.3).pleasetrytobemorecareful_.4).theresnothingicandoaboutthis_.keys:1).bynow2).everynowandthen3).fromnowon4).rightnow4.outoforder次序颠倒；发生故障典例ourairconditionerisoutoforder.我们的冷气机出故障了。短语归纳order短语：inorder整齐，状况良好，适宜，按顺序inorderthat后接从句，inorderto后接动词原形练习翻译下面的句子。1).电梯出故障了。_2).情况一团杂糟。_3).他现在发言是十分合适的。_keys:1).theelevatorisoutoforder.2).thingswereinterribleorder.3).itllbequiteinorderforhimtospeaknow.5.getthrough用完，消耗掉；（设法）做或完成某事；通过（与某人）联系（尤指通电话）典例1).ivegotthroughalotofcorrespondencetoday.今天我处理了一大批信件。2).itriedringingyouseveraltimesyesterdaybuticouldntgetthrough(toyou).昨天我给你打了几次电话,可是都没（和你）接通。短语归纳get短语：get(sth)across(tosb)（使某事）传播或为人理解getahead(ofsb)领先（於某人）getalongwithsb与某人合得来；与某人和睦相处geton/alongwithsth取得进展getaway(fromsb/.)逃离或摆脱开（某人或某地）getoff离开某地或出发getawaywithsth偷携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚getby(onsth)（靠某物）勉强维生；设法维持；对付getdowntosth/doingsth开始做某事；重视某事物；认真处理某事getoversthovercome克服；战胜；掌握练习翻译下面的句子。1).ifyoucheatintheexamyoullnever_it.2).hesnotverygoodat_hisideas_.3).itstimei_(认真干)someseriouswork.4).hewasdisappointedatnotgettingthejob,buthell_it.keys:1).getawaywith2).getting;across3).gotdownto4).getover6.ringback回复电话典例1).illaskhimtoringyouback.我会叫他给你回电话。2).herangoffbeforeicouldanswerit.我还没来得及接他就挂断了。短语归纳ring短语：ring.up给.打电话ringoff挂断电话givesb.aring给某人打电话练习翻译下面的句子。1).他们一到我就给你打电话。_2).你一定要挂电话了。我要用这个电话。_3).他给他的医生打了电话，取消了他们的约会。_keys:1).illringyouupassoonastheyarrive./iwillgiveyouaringassoonastheyarrive.2).youmustringoffnow.iwanttousethisphone.3).hegavehisdoctoraringandcanceledhisappiontment.7.incase因为可能发生某事；以防万一；万一典例itmayrainyoudbettertakeanumbrella(just)incase(itdoes).可能下雨-你最好带把伞，以防万一（下起来）。短语归纳case短语：incaseofsth若发生某事；假如inanycase无论如何；总之innocase在任何情形下决不；无论如何都不inthatcase既然那样；假若是那样的话 练习翻译下面的句子。1)._(遇火警时),ringthealarmbell.2).youdontlikeyourjob?_(既然那样),whydontyouleave?3).bringsomemoneywithyou_(以防万一)youwanttobuysomething.keys:1).incaseoffire2).inthatcase3).incase五.重点句子1.thefirstthingitriedtodowastoseeiftherewereproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.我先看看有没有能派得上用场的产品，好象只有一些用来杀死蛇的药粉。解释(1)在therebe结构中，be的人称与数应遵循就近一致原则：therewasabucketofwaterandtwochairsinthecomerofthehouse.therearetwochairsandabucketofwaterinthecomerofthehouse.(2)therebe常见的形式有：thereseemstobe.therehappenstobe.thereusedtobe.(3)seem的归纳总结：sth.sb.seem(tobe)+adj.名词好像itseemsthat.似乎，好像.itseemstosbthat.在某人看来好像.itseemsasifasthough.看起来好像(后可接虚拟语气，这可接表真实的表语从句。)itseemsasifitweregoingtorain.看起来好像要下雨了。(天气好得很，不会下雨。)itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.看起来好像要下雨了。(真的快要下雨了。)thereseems(tobe).好象.练习根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).thechildseems_(be)healthy,butthedoctorisconcerned.2).itseemstome_theressomethingfunnyaboutthecase.3).theredoesntseem_(be)muchhopethathellcome/ofhimcoming.keys:1).tobe2).that3).tobe2.betweentheoutsideandinsidewallsofthebowlthereissomejelly,whichfreezeshardwhencooled.在碗的内外壁中间有些果冻，当冷冻时就会变得非常硬。解释whencooled的构成：连词+过去分词，相当于when引导的状语从句whenitiscooled如果whenwhile引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同，常常可用whenwhile+现在分词短语或者过去分词短语的结构来代替。1).whenofferedhelp,youshouldsay“thankyou”or“itsverykindofyou”.=whenyouareofferedhelp,youshouldsay“thankyou”or“itsverykindofyou”.2).youmustbecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.=youmustbecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.3).seenfromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.=ifwhenthecityisseenfromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.4).seeingfromthehill,youcallseethatthewholecityisbeautiful.=ifwhenyouseefromthehill,youcanseethatthewholecityisbeautiful.练习用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1).once_(publish),thisnovelwillbeverypopular!2)._(tell)manytimes,hestillcouldntunderstand.3).thegirlsaretalkingexcitedly,_(follow)theirteacher.keys:1).published2).havingbeentold3).following六课文佳句背诵与仿写1.【原句】preparedwithsomeresearchfindings,idecidedonthreepossibleapproaches.经过一番研究准备之后，我决定采用三种可能的方法模仿要点句子结构：v-ed状语，+主句【模仿1】有电子词典的帮助，学生可以学得更