虚拟语气(2).doc

虚拟语气练习 你会正确使用虚拟语气的倒装形式吗请看典型考题：_ your address，I would have written to you. A. Did I knowB. Were I to knowC. Had I known D. If I should know此题应选 C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有 were，had，should，动词时，可以将if省略，然后将 were，had，should，词移至句首：1. If he should fail，he would kill himself. Should he fail，he would kill himself. 万一失败，他就会自杀。2. If I were you，I would do it at once. Were I you，I would do it at once. 假若我是你，我就会马上做。3. If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it. Had he seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it. 他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。顺便说一句，以上移至句首的 had不一定是助动词，如果是实义动词也可倒装：If he had money，he would buy a car. Had he money，he would buy a car. 他要是有钱，他就会买一辆小车。 1. I didnt know his telephone number. _ it， I _ then. A. Had I known， would ring him up B. Should I know， would have rung him up C. If I knew； would ring him up D. Had I known； would have rung him up 2. Mary is ill today. If she _， she _ absent from school. A. were not ill， wouldnt be B. had been ill， wouldnt have been C. had been ill， should have been D. hadnt been ill， could be3. Without your help， we_ so much. A.wont achieve B.didnt achieve C.dont achieve D.wouldnt have achieved4. You didnt take his advice. _ his advice， you _ such a mistake. A. Had you taken， wouldnt have made B. If you had taken， would make C. Were you to take， shouldnt have made D. Have you taken， wont have made哪些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气请看下面的有关考题：The guard at the gate insisted that everyone _ the rules. A. obeysB. obey C. will obeyD. would obey 此题应选 B。一般说来，在一些表示坚持(insist)，命令(order，command)，建议(suggest，advise)，要求(require，demand ,ask)等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语一般要用“should+动词原形”(其中的should在美国英语常省略，但是引导从句的that通常不省略)：He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane. 他命令用专机来运送药品。I demanded that I (should) be allowed to call my lawyer. 我要求准我找我的律师。注意insist和suggest的用法要分两种情况：2. insist 表示“坚持要求，谓语通常用虚拟语气(should+v)；表示“坚持说”、“坚持认为”，从句所指的谓语用陈述语气：I insisted that he (should) go. 我坚持要他去。I insisted that he was wrong. 我坚持认为他错了。2. suggest表示“建议”，其后接that从句，一般要用虚拟误气; 若表示“暗示”、“表明”，则其后所接that从句要用陈述语气()：She suggested that we (should) leave early. 她建议我们早点动身。Her expression suggested that she was angry. 她的表情表明了她生气了。5. My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation. A. could B. must C. should D. might6. Do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that he _ Mr. Li to the party？ A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. inviteinsist 后的从句用什么语气insist 后的从句一定要用虚拟语气吗? 请看下面的这道题：The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free.A. had done, should beB. should do, should beC. had done, had beenD. should do, had been【分析】此题容易误选B，想当然地认为 insist 后的从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。事实上，insist后的从句谓语是否用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。对上题而言，坐牢的这个人坚持了两点：一是没做错事，二是应该释放。很显然，在坐牢这个人看来，“没做错事”应该是事实，故用陈述语气；“被释放”还不是事实（因为他还在坐牢），故用虚拟语气。所以此题的最佳答案应为A。又如：He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。（“看信”已成为事实，故用陈述语气）He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。（“看信”尚未成为事实，故用虚拟语气）请再做下面一题()：The patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital.A. wasnt, wasnt sent B. wasnt, shouldnt be sentC. shouldnt be, wasnt sentD. shouldnt be, shouldnt be sent 答案选 B，因为在说话者看来，“没病”是事实，故用陈述语气；“不送医院”尚未成为现实，故用虚拟语气。7. Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all and that he_. A.hadnt stolenbe set free B.shouldnt steal set free C.doesnt steal be set free D.steal set free 8. It is quite natural that my coming late again _ them very angry. A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make 9. He acted as if he _ everything in the world. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. wont know It is time 后的定语从句用虚拟语气从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如： I think its time you went to bed. 我想你该睡觉了。Its time we went should go. 我们该走了。注：time前有时有about和high修饰：I think its high time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。与其他的虚拟结构不同，该结构不能在该用 was 时而用 were。如：Its time I were in bed. 我该上床睡了.10.It is high time we_home. A. will go B. would go C. have gone D. went在would rather 后的宾语从句中，谓语用过去式来表达现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式来表达过去的情况。I would rather you did it.I would rather you hadnt told me the truth. 11. Id rather that you _ home. A. went B. have gone C. will go D. had gone 12. If only I _ to the lecture！ A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D. had listened与现在事实相反的虚拟语气请看下面的题目：If he were here，he _ us how to do it. A. toldB. would tellC. had toldD. have told此题应选 B。该题考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：此时条件从句的谓语动词用过去式，主句的谓语则要用 would (should，could，might)+动词原形：If I knew his telephone number，I would ring him up. 我要是知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了。在虚拟条件句，动词be的过去式通常用were(不管是单数还是复数)We could ask him if he were here. 他要是在 这里，我们就可以问问他了。If I were you，I should go and see the doctor at once. 假若我是你，我会马上去看医生。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气请看下面的题目：If he _，he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warmed，would not takeB. had been warmed，would not have takenC. would be warmed，had not takenD. would have been warmed，had not taken此题应选 B。该题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：此时条件从句的谓语用 had+过去分词，主句的谓语用 would(should，could，might)+have+过去分词()：1. If she had worked harder，she _. A. would succeed B. had succeededC. should succeedD. would have succeeded2. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday，he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; wouldD. were; would have prevented 3. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _，she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did comeC. came D. had come4. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn，you_ so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got13. If he_， he _ that food.- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned， would not take B. had been warned， would not have taken C. would be warned， had not taken D. would have been warned， had not taken 14. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _， she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 15. Without electricity， human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气请看下面的题目：If we _ 200 years old，we _ everything. A. were to be，could change B. had been，changed C. were，would have changedD. should be，changed 此题应选A。该题考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，此时的主句谓语通常用would(should，could，might)动词原形，而从句谓语可能有以下几种情况：1. 从句谓语用过去式：If your father knew this，he would be angry. 要是你父亲知道了，他会生气的。If it rained tomorrow，the sports meet would be put off. 要是明天下雨，运动会就推迟。2. 从句谓语用should+动词原形(通常指可能性极小的事情，一般译为“万一”)：If it should rain，the crops would be saved. 要是有雨，这庄稼还有救。此类句型的主句谓语有时可以用祈使句甚至将来时态：If it should rain tomorrow，dont expect me. 万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。If I should be free tomorrow，I will come. 万一我明天有空，我就来。3. 从句谓语用were to+动词原形 (通常指可能性极小可或近乎不可能，有时指出乎意料)：If the sun were to rise in the west，my love for you would not change. 即使太阳从西边出，我对你的爱也不会变。wish后的宾语从句的虚拟语式要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语一般过去时;表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would /could/might动词原形。如：I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那样忙碌。I wish I had been with you yesterday.We wish the rain would stop.注：从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与 wish 的时态无关，比较：I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了。I wish I had been rich. 要是那时我有钱就好了。I wish 后从句用虚拟语气的三种形式请看下面一题：I wish you _ him my telephone number，but you did. A. didnt giveB. hadnt givenC. wouldnt give D. shouldnt give 此题应选B。I wish后接宾语从句时，谓语有三种可能：1. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，用过去时：I wish I were a teacher. 我要是一位老师就好了。I wish I remembered her address. 我要是记得她的地址就好了。2. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时：How I wish I had seen her off at the station，but I was too busy. 我要是去车站送过她就好了，但我太忙了。3. 表示与将来事实相反的愿望，用could / would+ / might+动词原形：I wish he would come at once. 我真希望他马上来。类似地，以下结构也与wish情况类似(从句分三种情况)：(1) If only(但愿)：用法与含义均与I wish相似，以上各例中的I wish均可用If only代之，含义大致相同。12. If only I _ to the lecture！ A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D. had listened(2) as if / though (好像)She loves the child as if he were her own. 她疼爱这孩子，就像是她自己的孩子一样。(与现在事实相反)He talks as if he had been there many times. 他说起话来好像是去过那儿多次似的。(与过去事实相反)He speaks as if he would die soon. 听他说话那语气好像不久就要死似的。(与将来事实相反)使用虚拟语气的几类从句1. wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时，表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词，表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)动词原形。如：I wish he were more careful. 你是你更仔细点就好了。I wish I hadnt said that. 我要是没有说那话就好了。I wish I could speak your language. 但愿我能讲你们国家的话。2.if only后的句子用虚拟语气if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同。如：If only I werent so nervous. 但愿我不这样紧张。If only I had listened to your advice! 我要是听了你的劝告就好了!3. as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形。如：I love you as if you were my son. 我爱你就像你是我的儿子。注：若从句所内容可能为事实，也可用陈述语气。如：t seems as if we shall have to walk. 似乎我们得步行了。4. Its time后的从句用虚拟语气从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如：Its time we ordered dinner. 现在该叫菜了。I think