手打倒装语序.doc

倒装语序英语的语序分为两种， 一种是自然语序，即主语+谓语； 一种是倒装语序，即把谓语的全部或一部分放主语前。倒装的原因有两个：一是语法结构的需要（如疑问句，感叹句， there be句型）; 一是修辞的需要，即为了强调而用倒装语序。 下面主要讨论因修辞的需要而采用倒装的最常见的结构及有关注意事项。一 半倒装形式(1). 当only修饰的状语（包括副词，介词短语或状语从句）放句首时，句子（或主句）要用倒装形式。eg. Only then did he realize the importance of learning English（副词） Only in this way can we do the work well（介短） Only after you have finished your homework are you allowed to go out play（状从）注：但句首的only 修饰主语时不需要倒装。eg. Only socialism can save China Only a few young men went to the theatre(2).以hardly, scarcely, seldom, never, little, nowhere, no sooner(than一.就), in no way(决不，一点也不)， at no time(决不，任何时候都不)，in no case(任何情况都不)， not until, not only等含有否定或半否定意义的单词或词组开头的句子要用倒装形式。eg. Never shall I forget having so good a meal at your sistersAt no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons（武器）No sooner had I got home than it began to rainNot until yesterday did I know about it Not until he was seventeen did Tong Dizhou go to middle schoolNot only can my sister drive the car, but (also) she can repair it注：not until 放句首时，若句子为主从复合句，只倒装主句（如） Not only 引出的句子只倒装前一个句， 第二个句子不能倒装。（如）(3). 虚拟语气if 条件句中含有should, had, were，省略if 后要将其放句首，即用倒装语序（看虚拟语气部分）(4).以so, neither, nor开头的句子，表示前面所说的情况或内容也适用于另一个人或物时，要用倒装结构。表肯定用so+助动+主， 表否定用neither/nor+助动+主。此外，在so.that 句型中，so连同修饰的成分放句首是也需要用倒装结构eg. So well did he play that we all clapped our hands with joyeg. I have been to USA and so has he Mother had a bad cold last week. So did I You are not a professor. Neither/Nor am I I didnt enjoy singing, nor do I like computer 注： 在指两个或两个以上的人或物“也不.”时，必须用nor, 而不用neithereg. He cant do the job. Nor can I, Nor can you, Nor can she, Nor can anyone else在固定搭配neither. nor 结构中，前后句子都要用半倒装。eg. Neither did I know this, nor did I want to在 so的用法中，注意一种特殊的区别：当后面句子表示“. 也和.一样”时，并且后面主语和前面主语不一致，此时用半倒装；当后面句子表示“是的，确实是.”时，并且后面主语和前面主语一致，此时用陈述语序。eg. Mr Li likes Jay zhou in many super star. So do I (我也喜欢) Mr Li likes Jay zhou in many super star. So he does（是的，他确实喜欢）(5). 由so, however, no matter how引导的让步状语从句要用倒装形式，常把表语，状语或谓语动词的一部分放到句首。eg. Hard as he worked, he couldnt support his family Poor as she was , she was honest Child as he is, he knows a lot.(当表语为名词放句首时，名词前不用冠词) Come as he may, he will not help us However great a man he is, he cant be perfect No matter how hard he studied, he could not pass the maths exam二全倒装形式(6). 以here, there, out, in, up, down, off, away, back, over等表示方向，位移或位置的副词开头的句子要用全倒装结构（该结构不需加助动词）eg. Here comes the bus Here hung a picture , painted by Zhang Daqian Out rushed the man , gun in hand Away(off) went the girl without telling anyone注：以here，there等开头的句子，如果主语是代词时，主谓不能倒装 eg.-Listen, there goes the bell -Oh, yes, There it goes eg.-Look, there comes the bus -Oh, there it comes eg. Away she went with tears in her eyes(7). 如果位于句首的介词短语作地点状语或表语（包括形容词等作表语），其句中的谓语为be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk，等不及物动词时，常用全倒装结构，但不加助动词。eg. On the stairs sat a little boy On the hill lies/stands an old temple Under the table are two black cats Great and spacious and beautiful is our motherland(8). 有时为了突出表语或保持句子的平衡，把表语提前构成倒装。eg. Gone for ever are the days when I was young Great have been the changes here since 1990 Present at the conference were scientists from many countries(9). 在一些表祝愿的句子里也需要用倒装语序eg. Long live the Communist Party of China ! May you succeed !(半倒装)语法专练:1. Here_for youA is a letter B a letter is C has a ticket D a ticket has2. _not so busy, he would go fishing with usA If he is B Was he C Were he D Had he been3. Hardly _ the hall _ the lights went outA we had enter; when B we entered; then C had we entered D entered we; before +4. Only by this means _ the problemA you can solve B you will settle C do you answer D can you solve 5. “It was fine yesterday.” “_”A So it is B So was it C It was so D It so was 6. “It was fine yesterday. ” “ _today.”A So it was B So is it C It is so D It so is 7. Not until _eighty _writingA he was; he stopped B was he ; did he stop C he was ; did he stop D was he ; he stopped8. Not only _sing folk songs, but also _ perform folk dances A can my son; cab he B my son can; he can C my son can; can he D can my son; he can9. So kind _that _ loved by allA he was ; he was B was he ; was he C was he ; he was D he was ; was he10. Ton never has potatoes and _A so had Bob B so does Bob C neither has Bob D neither does Bob11. Short as _ , _very strongA he was; was he B was he ; he was C was he ; was he D he was ; he was 12. Which of the following is correct?A.Thus ended his life B.Thus his life was ended C.Thus ended his life D Thus was his life ended13. At top og the hill _A.does a weather station stand B.stands a TV tower C.a weather station stands D. a TV tower lies14. No sooner _than_ a dive for the dinging hallA the class had been over ; they made B had the class been over ; did they make C had the sun risen ; they are making D had the class been over; they made15. Little_others.A did she care about B she cared about C cared she for D she did care for16. Which of the following is correct?A However a great man he is ,cant he be perfect B However great a man is he, he cant be perfect C However great is a man, cant he be perfect D However great a man he is , he cant be perfect17. West of the city _A two steel works are there B there stands an eighty-metre-tall tower C lie three water towers D are two power plants lying18._, we could play cards togetherA If he would be here B Should she come C Would he be back D Was she here now 19._I h