河南省周口市郸城县光明中学中考英语 必考词组复习.doc

必考词组17一、动词词组（包括短语动词）、介词词组和其他词组（一）由be构成的词组1）be back/in/out回来在家外出2）be at home/work在家上班3）be good at善于，擅长于4）be careful of当心，注意，仔细5）be covered with被覆盖6）be ready for为做好准备7）be surprised（ at）对感到惊讶8）be interested in对感兴趣9）be born出生10）be on在进行，在上演，（灯）亮着11）be able to do sth.能够做12）be afraid of（to do sth./that）害怕（不敢做，恐怕）13）be angry with sb.生（某人）的气14）be pleased（ with）对感到高兴（满意）15）be famous for以而著名16）be strict in（ with）（对工作、对人）严格要求17）be from来自18）be hungry/thirsty/tired饿了渴了累了19）be worried担忧20）be（ well）worth doing（非常）值得做21）be covered with被所覆盖22）be in（ great）need of（很）需要23）be in trouble处于困境中24）be glad to do sth.很高兴做25）be late for 迟到26）be made of（from）由制成、27）be satisfied with对感到满意28）be free空闲的，有空29）be（ ill）in bed卧病在床30）be busy doing（ with）忙于做（二）由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、look、put、set、send、take、turn、play等动词构成词组1）come back回来2）come down下来3）come in进入，进来4）come on快，走吧，跟我来5）come out出来6）come out of从出来7）come up上来8）come from来自9）do ones lessons/homework做功课10）do more speaking/reading多做口头练习朗读11）do ones best尽力12）do some shopping（cooking, reading, cleaning）买东西（做饭菜、读点书、大扫除）13）do a good deed（ good deeds）做一件好事（做好事）14）do morning exercises做早操15）do eye exercises做眼保健操16）do well in在某方面干得好17）get up起身18）get everything ready把一切准备好19）get ready for（=be ready for）为做好准备20）get on（ well）with与相处（融洽）21）get back返回22）get rid of除掉，去除23）get in进入，收集24）get on/off上下车25）get to到达26）get there到达那里27）give sb. a call给打电话28）give a talk作报告29）give a lecture（a piano concert）作讲座（举行钢琴音乐会）30）give back归还，送回31）give some advice on给一些忠告32）give lessons to给上课33）give in屈服34）give up放弃35）give sb. a chance给一次机会36）give a message to_给一个口信37）go ahead先走，向前走，去吧，干吧38）go to the cinema看电影39）go to bed睡觉（make the bed整理床铺）40）go to school（ college）上学（上大学）4l）go to （the）hospital去医院看病42）go over过一遍，复习 go over to朝走去43）go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping去钓鱼滑冰游泳买东西44）go home（ there）回家去（去那儿）45）go round顺便去，绕道走46）go up上去47）go out for a walk外出散步48）go on（ doing）继续（做）49）go on with ones work继续某人的工作50）go up stairs/downstairs上下楼51）（the lights）go out（灯）熄了52）have a lesson（ lessons）/a meeting上课开会53）have a football match（ basket hall match）举行一场足球（篮球）赛54）have dictation听写55）have a try试一试56）have a good/wonderful time玩得很高兴57）have a lecture（a piano concert）听讲座（听钢琴音乐会）58）have a report（ talk）on听一个关于的报告59）have a glass of water（a cup of tea）喝一杯水，（一杯茶）60）have breakfast/lunch/supper吃早饭午饭晚饭61）have a meal（ three meals.）吃一顿饭（三餐饭），62）have a dinner吃正餐63）have bread and milk for breakfast早饭吃面包和牛奶64）have（ have got）a headache头痛65）have a fever发烧66）have a cough（a cold）咳嗽（感冒）67）have a look（ at）看一看68）have a rest（a break）休息一会儿（工间或课间休息）69）have a talk谈话70）have a swim/walk游泳散步71）have sports进行体育锻炼72）have a sports meet（ meeting）开运动会73）have something done让人（请人）做74）have a test/an exam测验考试75）have an idea有了个主意76）had better do sth.（ not do sth.）最好做（最好不要做）77）have a word with与谈几句话78）help sb. with sth. /help sb. do sth在方面帮助帮助做79）help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat请随便吃点鸡鱼肉80）help each other互相帮助8l）keep up with跟上，不落后于82）keep silent/quiet保持沉默安静83）keep sb. doing sth使一直做84）keep ones diary记日记85）make a noise（a lot of noise, much noise, noises）吵闹（十分嘈杂，响声）86）make a living谋生87）make sb. do sth，迫使某人做88）make faces（a face）做鬼脸89）make friends（ with）与交朋友90）make a mistake（ mistakes）犯错误91）make room/space for给腾出地方92）make a sentence（ sentences）with用造句93）make a fire生火94）be made from/of 由制成95）be made in在地方制造96）look out of（outside）往外看（看外面）97）look up a word（in the dictionary）查字典98）look up往上看，仰望99）look after照管，照看，照顾100）look for寻找101）look like看上去像102）look fine/well/tired/worried看起来气色好健康疲劳忧虑103）look out当心，小心104）look on. .as 把当作看待105）look around朝四周看106）look at看着107）put on穿上（衣服），戴上（帽子），上演（戏剧）108）put up建造，搭起，挂起，举起，张贴109）put into使进入，输入110）put ones heart into全神贯注于111）put down把放下112）put into 把译成113）set up竖起，建起114）set off出发，动身115）set out出发116）set an example for为树立榜样117）send for派人去请（叫）118）send out放出，发出119）end up把往上送，发射120）take ones advice听从某人劝告12l）take out拿出，取出122）take down拿下123）take place发生124）take ones place坐的座位，代替某人职务125）take the place of代替126）take a walk/rest散步休息127）take it easy别紧张128）take sth. with sb.随身带着129）take sb. to a park/london for ones holidays带某人去公园伦敦度假130）take care of关心，照顾，保管131）take a look（a last look）at看一看（最后看一眼）132）take an exam参加考试133）take away拿走134）take back收回，带回135）take hold of抓住。136）take off脱下（衣，帽，鞋等）拿掉137）take（ an active）part in（积极）参加（活动）138）take photos拍照139）take some medicine服药。140）take a bus/train/boat乘公共汽车，火车船14l）turn on开，旋开（电灯，收音机等）142）turn off关上（电灯，收音机等）143）turn in交出，上交144）o_把变成145）turn to翻到，转向、146）turn down（把音量）调低147）turn.over把翻过来148）play basketball/football/volleyball打篮球；踢足球；打排球149）play games做游戏150）play the piano（ the violin）弹钢琴（拉小提琴）15l）play with snow玩雪152）play a joke（on）对开玩笑（三）由其他动词构成的词组153）think over仔细考虑154）arrive at/in a place到达某处155）eat up吃完，吃光156）do well in在干得好157）enjoy doing sth. /like doing sth.喜欢做某事喜欢干某事158）find out发现，查出（真相等）159）finish off吃完，喝完160）stop doing sth.停止做某事161）stop to do sth.停下来去做某事162）hold a meeting举行会议163）hold up举起164）hurry up赶快，快点165）enter for报名参加166）laugh at嘲笑167）be used to习惯于168）used to过去常常169）wake up唤醒170）work out算出二、动词短语、介词短语和其他词组1）ask for向要一，请求2）ask for leave请假3）send for派人去请（叫）4）pay for付的款5）wait for等候6）thank for为感谢7）apologize to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉8）look for寻找9）leavefor离开去10）fall off跌落11）catch cold着凉，伤风12）catch up with赶上13）agree with sb.赞成，同意某人的意见14）filledwith把装满15）tell sb. about sth.告诉某人某事16）talk about谈论17）think about考虑18）worry about担忧19）look after照料20）run after追赶，跟在后面跑21）read after跟读22）smile at对微笑23）knock at敲（门、窗）24）shout at对大喊（嚷）25）throw away扔掉26）work hard at努力做27）wait in line排队等候28）change into 变成29）hurry into 匆忙进入30）run into跑进3l）hear of听说32）think of认为，考虑33）catch hold of抓住34）instead of代替35）hand in交上来36）stay up熬夜37）hear from收到来信38）at once立刻39）at last最后40）at first起先，首先41）at the age of 在岁时42）at the end of 在之末43）at the beginning of_在之初44）at the foot of 在脚下45）at the same time同时46）at night/noon在夜里中午47）with ones help在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助48）with the help of在的帮助下49）with a smile面带笑容50）with ones own eyes亲眼看见5l）after a while过了一会儿52）from now on从现在起53）from then on从那时起54）for example例如55）far away from远离56）from morning till night从早到晚57）by and by不久58）by air mail寄航空邮件59）by ordinary mail寄平信60）by the way顺便说6l）by the window在窗边62）by the end of 到底为止63）little by little逐渐地64）in all总共65）in fact事实上66）in ones twenties在某人二十几岁时67）in a hurry匆忙68）in the middle of在中间69）in no time （in a minute）立刻，很快70）in time（ on time）及时7l）in public公众，公开地72）in order to为了73）in front of在前面74）in the sun在阳光下75）in the end最后，终于76）in surprise惊奇地77）in turn依次78）of course当然79）a bit （of）有一点儿80）a lot of许多81）on ones way to某人在去的路上82）on foot步行，走路83）a talk on space 个关于太空的报告84）on the other hand另一方面85）at/on the weekend在周末86）on the left（right）在左（右）边87）on the other side of在另一边88）on the radio通过收音机（无线电广播）89）to ones joy使高兴的是90）to ones surprise使惊讶的是三、量词词组和其他词组（一）量词词组l）a bit 点儿2）a few （of）一些（可数），几个3）a little 一些（不可数）4）a lot of （lots of）许多5）a piece of 张（一片，块）6）a cup of 一茶杯7）a glass of 一玻璃杯8）a pile of （piles and piles of）一堆（一堆堆的）9）a box of 一盒10）a copy of 一份，一本11）a bowl of一碗12）a basket of 一篮13）a plate of 一盘14）a bottle of 一瓶15）a basin of 一脸盆16）a set of 一套17）a kind of 一种18）a type of 一种类型的19）a great deal of非常多，大量的（不可数名词）20）a large（ great）number of非常多，大量的（可数名词）21）a great many大量，许多（可数名词）22）a different type of 一种不同型号的23）a group of 一队，一组，一群（二）其他词组1）all kinds of各种各样的，2）all over the world/the country全世界全国3）all over遍及每一部分：，浑身4）all ones life 一生5）one after another顺次6）the childrens palace少年宫7）day after day日复一日8）up and down上上下下9）the day after tomorrow后天10）the day before yesterday前天11）the last/past two years（ or so）最近两年（左右）12）the whole country/the whole world全国全世界13）a moment ago刚才14）just now/then刚才那时15）half an hours walk步行半小时的路程16）later on过后，后来初中必考动词过去式和过去分词a原形、过去式和过去分词完全不同（30个）drinkdrankdrunk（喝）ringrangrung（响）swimswamswum（游泳）singsangsung（唱）sinksanksunk（下沉）blowblew blown（刮风）growgrewgrown（生长）knowknewknown（知道）flyflewflown（飞）takecooktaken（带走）shakeshookshaken（摇动）drivedrovedriven（驾驶）writewrotewritten（写）riseroserisen（升起）rideroderidden（骑）speakspokespoken（讲）stealstolestolen（偷）breakbrokebroken（打破）wakewokewoken（醒来）freezefrozefrozen（结冰）forgetforgotforgotten（忘记）choosechosechosen（选择）drawdrewdrawn（画画）eatateeaten（吃）fallfellfallen（下落）givegavegiven（给）hidehidhidden（隐藏）seesawseen（看到）dodiddone（做），gowentgone（去）b过去式与过去分词完全相同（39个）bringbroughtbrought（带来）thinkthoughtthought（认为）fightfoughtfought（打架）buyboughtbought（买）catchcaughtcaught（抓住）sellsoldsold（卖）telltoldtold（告诉）saysaidsaid（说）paypaidpaid（花费，付出）sendsentsent（发送）lendlentlent（借出）spendspentspent（花费、度过）burnburntburnt（燃烧）learnlearntlearnt（学习）meanmeantmeant（意味着）feelfeltfelt（感觉）smellsmeltsmelt（闻起来）sleepsleptslept（睡觉）sweepsweptswept（扫地）leaveleftleft（离开）buildbuiltbuilt建造）lose lostlost（丢失）getgotgot（得到、变得），meetmetmet（碰到）sitsatsat（坐）shootshotshot（射击）leadledled（领导）spitspatspat（吐痰）havehadhad（有）holdheldheld（举行）makemademade（制造）standstoodstood（站）understandunderstoodunderstood（理解）findfoundfound（发现）digdugdug（挖）shineshoneshone（闪烁）hearheardheard（听到）wmwonwon（获胜）hanghung hung（悬挂）c原形与过去分词相同（3个）comecamecome（来）runranrun（跑）becomebecamebecome（变）d原形、过去式和过去分词完全相同（8个）costcostcost（花费、值）cutcutcut（砍）putputput（放）letletlet（让）setsetset（设置）hithithit（打）shutshutshut（关掉）hurthurthurt（伤害）e易混的（3个）lieliedlied说谎lielaylain躺下，位于，平放laylaidlaid置放f动词的ing形式需要双写最后一个辅音字母的（9个）getting，putting，swimming，running，beginning，digging，getting，sitting， stopping-不同动词+同一介词on短语try on试穿get on上车turn on打开put on穿；戴上；上演go on继续keep on继续（进行）carry on继续pass on传递；继续 hold on坚持；（打电话）别挂断away短语take away拿走put away收好move away移动get away离开give away分发；泄露break away摆脱run away逃跑throw away扔掉pass away去世stay away from远离die away逐渐消失up短语pick up捡起put up搭建；张贴think up想出use up用完end up结束；告终burn up烧光fix up修理好break up分解，破裂build up逐步建立keep up保持check up核对；检验look up查询dress up打扮catch up with赶上come up with想出with短语agree with同意begin with以开始deal with处理；对付compare with与比较play with和一起玩耍down短语take down记下turn down（音量）调低；关小fall down跌倒put down记下；写下hand down传下来cut down削减；砍倒slow down慢下来calm down冷静下来look down upon瞧不起look sb. up and down仔细打量某人let sb. down让某人失望over短语take over接管go over复习；检查get over克服 look over检查think over仔细考虑watch over看守come over过来；顺便拜访（短暂拜访）同一动词+不同介词（2011年27题）put短语put off推迟put out熄灭；吹熄；扑灭put up with忍受；忍耐；受苦put in放入put back放回pick短语pick out选出pick off摘掉pick on挑选look短语look on旁观look into调查look for寻找look after照顾look at看look out当心look forward to盼望look through浏览；翻阋look up（在词典、参考书等中）查阅；查找take短语take back收回take off脱掉：起飞take in吸收；欺骗take care当心take care of照顾take place发生take after sb.长得像某人take out取出take over接管take up从事turn短语turn to向求助turn in上交turn up出现turn over移交turn on打开turn off关上turn down驳回；关小turn back折回turn against背叛turn out结果是；生产give短语give off散发出give out分发give in让步；屈服give back归还对动词短语的考查动词短语是中考考查的一个热点，几乎每套题中都有考查动词短语的。从题目设置上看，主要有以下几种形式。1.不同的动词，后面加上相同的小品词（即介词或副词）使用频率较高的这类动词有：call，cut，come，got look，put，set，turn , take，pay，pick，make笠。常见的介词或副词有:in,off，out,up，away，for，on，over等。1）动词+ away构成的短语有：throw away扔掉；put away把收拾好；glve away捐赠，分发；run away跑开；go away走开；take away拿走；等等。2）动词+ for构成的短语有：ask for请求，需要；send for派人去请；go for努力获取；pay for偿还，赔偿；wait for等待；look for寻找；等等。3）动词+ on构成的短语有：try on试穿，试验；put on穿上，上演；have on究着，戴着；hold on不挂断；keep on继续；go on继续；get on上（车、船），come on赶快；等等。4）动词+ over构成的短语有：come over过来；hand over移交；go over仔细检查，复习；get over克服，恢复；look over检查；think over仔细考虑；take over接受，接管；turn over翻转；等等。5）动词+up构成的短语有：call up打电话给；come up走近；cut up切碎；fix up修理；give up放弃；go up上升，增长；grow up长大；look up向上看，查阅（字典等）；make up弥补，组成；put up举起，搭建；pick up捡起，（开车）接某人：get up建立；send up发射；show up出现，露面；turn up把调高，一点；take up占据；等等。【考例 4】 she has to _some of her hobbies because she has no time to spend on them.a. give upb. look upc. pick upd. take up【解析】本题主要考查动词短语的辨析。a项是“放弃”，b项是“抬头看，查阅（字典等）”，c项是“捡起”，d项意为“占据”。根据后句意思“她没有时间花费在它们身上”推知空格处应选择“放弃”，故选a。6）动词+ out构成的短语有：go out出去，熄灭；look out当心：walk out走出：set out出发，开始；put out扑灭；give out发出；hand out分发；pick out挑选：find out找出，发现；speak out大声地说出：get out 出去，离开；work out计算出，解决；carry out实现，执行：start out出发，动身：等等。wear out穿破、磨破 take out取出2同一个动词，后面加上不同的小品词（即介词或副词）。常见的这些动词有：break，die，call，cut，come，get，go , look , put , set , turn , take , pay , pick，make等。1）break +介词/副词的短语有：break down发生故障；break out爆发；break through突破；break off中断，突然停止；break in打断break into破门而入；break away突然离开，逃脱，脱离；等等。2）call+介词副词的短语有：call after以的名字命名；call back叫回，使回忆起；call up给某人打电话：call on号召，拜访某人：call in召集；call off取消；等等。3）come+介词副词的短语有：come in进来；come from来自；come about产生；come over过来；come out出来，出现；come by从旁经过：come up上来，走进；come across偶遇；come along发生，进步；come back回来；come down下来。4）cut+介词的短语有：cut in插嘴，插入；cut across抄近路；cut back减少；cut off切断；cut up切碎；cut away砍掉；cut down砍倒，削减。5）get+介词副词的短语有：get through通过，打通（电话）；get in进入，陷入；get on上车，进展；get off下车，下来；get along进展；get away离开，脱身。6）give+介词副词的短语有：give up放弃；give in屈服，投降；give away赠送，捐赠；give of放出，发出；give out分发，放出（光、热）；give back归还；等等。7）go+介词副词的短语有：go ahead着手，进行；go along进展，前进；go around到处走动；g away离去，走开; go beyond超过;go by过去，流逝；go down下降；go up上升；go for喜欢；go off离开，停止；go over复习，温习；go through经历，穿过；等等。8）look+介词副词的短语有：look after照顾，照料；look away把目光移开；look around环顾；look at看；look down朝下看；look for寻找：look into调查；look out当心；look