第二虚拟语气.ppt

第二章虚拟语气 什么是虚拟语气 一 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 1 表示与现在事实相反 谓语动词的主要形式如下 IfIwereyou Ishouldn tdothat Wewouldgowithyouifwehadtime Wecouldaskhimifhewerehere 2 表示与过去事实相反 谓语动词的主要形式如下 Ifyouhadcomeearlier youwould might havemethim Ifhehadseenyouyesterday hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit 3 表示与将来事实相反 谓语动词的主要形式如下 IfitwereSundaytomorrow wewouldn thaveanexam Ifitweretosnowtomorrow theywouldnotgoout 注 目前 虚拟语气的were除了在ifIwereyou的结构中不能改动外 其它情况上有时可用was Iftherewasnoair peoplewoulddie 二 错综时间条件句 什么是错综时间条件句 Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor sadvice then youwouldbeallrightnow Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor sadvice youwouldhavebeenallrightthen IfIhadn tfinishedmycompositionbynow Iwouldworkonittomorrow 注 错综时间条件句中 要特别注意时间状语 在这种情况下 必须明确给以时间 或通过上下文可明白看出时间不同 否则就按前面表格中一般时间搭配使用 三 含蓄条件句 什么是含蓄条件句 1 用with without等介词短语或分词短语或者独立主格结构来替代条件句 Wemighthavediedwithoutyourhelp Wemighthavediedifyouhadn thelpedus Havingknownintime wecouldhavestoppedit Ifwehadknownintime 2 用相当于if的其它连词表示虚拟结构 在条件从句中除最常见的连词if之外 尚有下列连词 otherwise butthat unless solongas incaseoncondition that suppose supposing that provided providing that Iwasbusylastweek otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou Iwasbusylastweek IfIhadnotbeenbusylastweek Iwouldhavecometoseeyou 3 通过上下文来表示虚拟 Iwouldhavegivenyoumoremoney butIwassopoorthen 四 虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装 1 必须是非真实条件句 真实条件句不可以省略if 2 只有当非真实条件句中有were had should would等词时 才可以省略if 把这些词放在主语前 3 省略if时 主语与were had should的位置必须相互调换 IfIshouldmeether Iwouldtellher ShouldImeether I IfIwereinyourposition Iwoulddoitbetter WereIinyourposition Iwould 五 虚拟语气在一些从句中的用法 宾语从句中的用法 1 在suggest insist order demand request commandpropose desire等动词后作宾语从句时 表欲望 建议命令等时 用虚拟语气 句型 主语 should 可省略 要用的话 只能用should 不可用 would could might等别的词代替 动原 Isuggestthatwe should visitthatschool Heorderedthatall should takepartinthework Theyinsistedthatwe should begintheworkatonce a suggest的用法 当 建议 解时 后面的宾语从句才用虚拟语气 当 暗示 略微透露 表明 解时 后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气 Hesuggestedthatsheshouldleavethehouseatonce Hisfacesuggestedthathewasangry b insist的用法 当 坚称说 解时 不用虚拟语气 当 坚决要求 硬要 解时 它后面的宾语从句才用虚拟语气 Heinsistedthathewasinnocent Theteacherinsistedthatwe should giveuptheproblematthemeeting 2 wish在非真实条件句中从句时态的应用 a 与现在 当时 事实相反的愿望 用过去时 句型 主语 wish 从句 主语 过去时 IwishIwereyou IwishIknewyou b 与过去事实相反的愿望 用过去完成式 句型 主语 wish 从句 主语 过去完成式 IwishIhadlearnedmore Hewisheshehadn tmadethebigmistake c 与将来的愿望相反 用过去将来时 句型 主语 wish 从句 过去将来时 IwishIcouldbeofmoreuseinthefuture 六 由asif sothat inorderthat asthough ifonly 等引导的状语从句中 也往往能够用虚拟语气 Shelovesthechildasifhewereherown IfonlyIwerenotsonervous 七 用在advisable appropriate desirable essential fit ting imperative important impossible necessary obligatory proper等形容词之后的that分句中也用虚拟语气 Itisessentialthatallthefactsbeexaminedfirst Itisnecessarythathecomebackwithoutdelay 八 asif与asthough一样 意为 好像 好似 可以引导表语从句或状语从句 在使用时须注意两点 1 asif引导表语从句时 其句型为 Itlooks seemsasif 从句 从句多用陈述语气 Itlooks seemsasifitisgoingtorain We vemissedthelastbus Itlooksasifwe llhavetowalk 2 asif引导方式状语从句时 从句语气应视实际情况来定 如果从句所陈述内容是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时 从句须用陈述语气 如果从句所陈述的内容是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时 从句常用虚拟语气 Hewalksasifheisdrunk Hewalksasifheweredrunk Heactsasifhewere is arealengineer Iloveyouasifyouweremyownson Exercises 1Puttheverbsinbracketsintotheproperform 1 IfI be you Ishouldn tdoit 2 Hebehavesasthoughhe be betterthanus 3 Itisessentialthathe have allthefacts 4 Iwasbusylastweek otherwiseI come toseeyou 5 Wesuggestthatthisapplicant apply nextyear 6 TheCommitteerecommendsthattheannualsubscription increase to20yuan 7 Ifit rain tomorrow thematchwouldbepostponed 8 Thejudgeorderedthatthewitness tell thetruth 9 Iproposehe excuse 10 Itisnecessarythateverymember inform himselfoftheserules 11 It sjuststruckmidnight It shightimewe go tobed 12 IwishI know what swrongwithmycar 13 Ifyou tie theboatup itwouldn thavedriftedaway 14 Iwishyou notgive himmyphonenumber I msorryyougaveittohim 15 Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor sadvice then you be allrightnow Choosethebestanswerfromthe4choicesmarkedA B CandD 1 Iorderedthatthebooksatonce A wouldbesentB wouldsendC besentD send2 Youifyouhadhadhigherscoreintheexamination A musthavegotscholarshipB wouldhavegotscholarshipC shouldgetscholarshipD hadgotscholarship3 I mforthesuggestionthataspecialboardtoexaminetheproblem A besetupB willbesetupC mustbesetupD hastobesetup 4 Butforyourhelp Ithetaskbymyself somanythankstoyou A wouldnotfinishB havenotfinishedC willnotfinishD wouldnothavefinished5 Iforgottogivemyregardstomymangerinmyletter IwishIit A shoulddoB didC havedoneD haddone6 Ifhehisenergetothework hewouldhavebeensucessful A hasputB putC hadputD wasputting7 Iwouldhavegoneshoppingwithyou butIsotiredthatIwenttobedquiteearly A wereB wasC hadbeenD havebeen8 LastyearMikeearnedhisbrother thoughhisbrotherhasahigherposition A twiceasmuchasB twiceasmanyasC twicethanD twiceasmoreas 3TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish 董事会决定任命约翰逊为总经理 TheboarddecidedthatJohnson should beappointedthegeneralmanager 2 如果到现在还没写完作文 我明天就得写它 IfIhadn tfinishedmycompositionbyno