河南省确山县第二高级中学高中英语 Unit 15 Learning Warmup Lesson 1教案 北师大版必修5.docVIP

unit15 warm-up lesson 1【教学目标】 to develop and practice the strategies for prediction, working out meanings and making inference【知识梳理】 to preview first and second conditional sentences to practise using third conditional sentences 知识点精析1heres_what they have to say about their lifelong learning experience.(教材p36)这里是他们必须要说的关于他们终身学习经历的话。这是由what引导的名词性从句，是一个完全倒装的句式。谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。away flew the plane.飞机飞走了。here comes the bus！公共汽车来了！这类句型主要有两种：a.副词谓语主语(以here，there，in，up，down，away等副词开头，谓语动词多为be，come，go等)b副词谓语主语(以then，now，thus，such开头，谓语动词多为come，follow，begin，end，be，主语又是名词时)a.介词短语谓语主语(表地点的介词短语位于句首，且谓语动词为不及物动词，主谓需倒装)b介词短语/形容词/分词be主语(表语置于句首，为保持句子平衡，或强调，使上下文衔接需要倒装) in front of the teaching building stands a tall tree.教学楼前有一棵大树。now comes your turn.轮到你了。south of the river lies a small factory. 一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。【提示】如果句子中的主语为人称代词，而不是名词，则不需要倒装。将下列句子改为倒装句the teacher came in，and the lesson began._the speaker sat in front of the lecture hall._【答案】in came the teacher，and the lesson began.in front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.2its never too_late_to learn.(教材p36)活到老，学到老。too.to.中的too前面如果用了否定词(如never)，则该句表示肯定意义。never too old to learn，never too late to turn.亡羊补牢，为时未晚。 too.to.中的too前如有far等词修饰，则这些词表示强调。too.to.结构意为“太而不能”，表示否定含义。too.to.句式中，too后接形容词ready(现成的)，incline(偏于的)，apt(易于)，eager(急切的)，anxious(着急的)等词时，无否定的意思。only too.to.也表示肯定，其中，too后的形容词多为表示某种心情的，如：glad，pleased，willing，thankful，delighted等；也有描绘性的形容词，如：good，kind，true等。 he is too young to dress himself. 他太小了，不会自己穿衣服。he was far too busy to think of giving up. 他太忙，没有时间想到放弃。she is not too clever to go with him. 她很机灵，没有跟他一起走。he is too ready to talk. 他爱说话。the film is only too good to see.这部电影很好，值得一看。完成句子这道数学题太难，我不能解出它。the maths problem is _ work out.雷锋同志非常乐于助人。comrade lei feng was _ others.【答案】too difficult for me totoo ready to help3be about to do即将做；就要做now im about to graduate from the school of continuing education at qinghua university with a bachelors degree in computer engineering by distance learning.(教材p36)现在我即将从清华大学继续教育学院毕业，通过远程教育课程我获得了计算机工程专业的学士学位。work was about to start on a new factory building.新厂房即将动工。i was just about to ask you the same thing.我刚才正要问你同一件事情。 be about to do sth.when.正要做某事，这时be doing.when.正在做，这时be on the point of doing.when.正要做这时be on the way to.when.正要做这时had done.when.刚做完这时 we were just about to leave when jerry arrived.我们正要离开，这时杰里到了。i was doing my homework at 800 last night when someone knocked at my door.昨天晚上八点钟我在做作业时，有人敲门。i had gone to bed when the telephone rang.我刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。【提示】be about to do sth.表示“将要做某事”，一般不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用。完成句子他刚要站起来，这时老师进来了。he_stand up_.我们就要出发了。we_start off.【答案】was just about to；when the teacher came inare about to4frankly speaking.(to be frank)坦白地说frankly speaking，the last four years have been hard work，but its been worth it！(教材p36)坦白地说，最后这四年过得很艰难，但却是值得的！frankly speaking，you are wrong again.坦白地说，你又错了。frankly speaking，your artwork has no aesthetic value.坦率地说，你的作品没有任何艺术价值。 honestly speaking.(to be honest)说实话generally speaking.一般来说exactly speaking.确切地说strictly speaking.严格地说personally speaking.就个人而言honestly speaking，i dont like the job.说实话，我不喜欢这份工作。personally speaking，he did very well.就我个人而言，他干得挺不错。完成句子严格地说，这本书不能算小说，而是短篇故事。_，the book is not a novel，but a short story.说实话，我真的没告诉过任何人。_，i didnt really tell anyone.【答案】strictly speakinghonestly speaking5three months ago，when my manager told me that i would be laid_off，my mind went_blank and my heart swelled with anger.(教材p36)三个月前，当我的经理告诉我，我将要下岗时，我的大脑一片空白，怒火满腔。(1)lay off 裁员；解雇if business continues to be slow，we will have to lay off some workers.如果生意再继续下滑，我们必须解雇部分劳工。often，they think too much in the short term and begin to lay off employees.通常，他们看中短期效益，开始解雇员工。lay vt.放置；铺；产(蛋，卵)；设置lay sb.out打昏(某人)lay sth.aside把放在一边；储存lay sth.down(开始)建造某物；停止使用某事物，放弃某事物；制定规则、原则等lay up 贮存；自讨苦吃；(因病)卧床 the boxer was laid out in the fifth round.那个拳击手在第五回合中被击昏在地。ive laid up with flu for a week.我患流感已在家休息一个星期了。she managed to lay aside a few pounds each week from her wages.她设法每周从薪水中存几个英镑。 注意下面几个动词的词形、词性及意义的区别：lie(vi.)liedlied撒谎lie(vi.)laylain躺；位于lay(vt.)laidlaid放；搁；下蛋，产卵用lay的短语填空工人们因为不懂先进技术被辞退了。the workforce_because they didnt grasp the advanced technology.他们首先得为这项工程制订一个计划。first they had to_a plan for the project.【答案】was laid offlay down(2)go blank发呆；默然when i heard the shocking news，my mind went blank.当我听到这个震惊的消息时，我的脑子一片空白。my mind went completely blank and i forgot what i was supposed to be doing.我的脑子一片空白，连我本来要做什么都想不起来了。go blind变瞎go mad发疯go pale脸色变得苍白 go hungry挨饿go bad变质hearing the bad news，his face went pale.听到这个坏消息，他的脸色变得很苍白。the fish has gone bad because of hot weather.因为天热鱼变质了。【提示】“goadj.”是一种系表结构，go在此结构中意为“变得，变成，变为”。完成句子试试让你无思无虑，你会感到平静些。try to let your mind_，then youll fell calmer.我宁愿挨饿也不吃那东西。id rather_than eat that.【答案】go blankgo hungry6suspect v怀疑；猜想 n犯罪嫌疑人 adj.不可信的；可疑的i suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry.(教材p36)我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉咙哽咽，让我想哭。i have no reason to suspect her loyalty.我没有理由怀疑她的忠诚。he is a suspect murder.他是个谋杀嫌疑犯。some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect.他们出示的证据中有些相当不可靠。 suspect sb./sth.怀疑某人/某事suspect sb.of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(干)某事suspect sb./sth.as/to be.怀疑某人/某物为suspectthat.怀疑 whom do the police suspect？警方在怀疑谁？what made you suspect him of having broken the glass?你凭什么怀疑是他打坏的玻璃呢？we all suspect her as/to be an actress，but no one knows her.我们都猜想她是一名演员，但没有人认识她。suspicion n怀疑，嫌疑；看法，感觉suspicious adj.怀疑的，可疑的be suspicious of/about怀疑完成句子他看起来很无辜，但警察怀疑他杀了人。he looks innocent，but the police_a murder.我怀疑他打破了那扇窗。i_having broken the window.【答案】suspect him to besuspect him of7i felt as_if i had done something wrong！(教材p36)我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！as if/though引导方式状语从句。as if意为“似乎，好像”，可以位于系动词look，seem，feel，sound，smell等后引导表语从句，以及act，treat等之后引导方式状语从句。she looks as if she were ten years younger than me.她看起来好像比我年轻10岁。(1)as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气。常与look，seem，taste，smell，sound等词连用。(2)as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大的比喻，通常用虚拟语气，其形式如下：如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形”。 it seems as if the boy has lost his way.好像这个男孩迷路了。he is a happy and lucky man as if he has no worries and cares in the world.他是个无忧无虑的人，好像世上没有什么让他烦恼和发愁的事。he walks as if he were drunk.他走起路来像是喝醉了似的。【对接高考】(2012北京高考)dont handle the vase as if it_made of steel.ais bwerechas been dhad been【解析】句意：不要这么拿这个花瓶，就好像它是钢制成似的。本题考查虚拟语气。as if意为“好像”，分析句意可知as if后面的句子须使用虚拟语气，并且所述情况是对现在事实的假设，因此使用一般过去时，故选择b项。【答案】b完成句子看起来天好像要下雨。itlooks_他英语讲得很好，好像他在英国生活了多年似的。he speaks english perfectly _【答案】as if it is going to rainas if/though he had lived in england for many years8i decided that it_was_time i became an internet user.(教材p36)我觉得是成为互联网用户的时候了。its time that结构用于表示“是该的时候了”。that后面的句子应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should动词原形”或用一般过去时。its time that i went to bed.its time that i should go to bed.我该去睡觉了。its time that i went home.我该回家去了。“是该做某事的时候了”的几种表达方式：it is time for sth.it is time to do sth.it is time (for sb.)to do sth.it is time for doing sth.it is time (that) sb.should do sth. it is time for us to do our homework.我们该做作业了。it is time to go to bed.该上床睡觉了。 time作“次数”讲时的常用句型：it/this/that is/was the first/second/third/.time that.这/那是某人第一/二/三/次做某事(主句用is，从句用现在完成时；主句用was，从句用过去完成时)。完成句子他该到我们家吃晚饭了。it is time that he_to our house for dinner.到我们植树的时候了。its time for us _.【答案】should come/cameto plant trees9aside from除之外and aside from emailing，its fun to see and talk to my grandchildren in the us on the icam.(教材p36)除了收发电子邮件，我用网上镜头看到了在美国的外孙并且同他们谈话，太有趣了。ive finished aside from the last question.除了最后一道题，我全做完了。aside from their house in london，they also have a villa in spain.他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一栋别墅。besides/except/except for/aside frombesides除之外(还有)，除去部分在整体之内except除之外(别无)，除去部分不在整体之内，常与nothing，all，none等不定代词连用except for除了，表示从细节上对整体进行修正aside(apart)from除了(还有)；除了(别无)，除去部分既可在整体之内，又可在整体之外is there anyone else we know besides will?除了威尔，还有我们认识的人吗？you can have any of the cakes except this one.除了这块蛋糕外，你可以吃任何一块。the roads were empty except for a few cars.除了几辆小汽车之外，公路上空荡荡的。aside from the kitchen，the house is very nice.除了厨房外，这所房子哪儿都好。用besides，except，except for和aside from填空this article is good，_a few spelling mistakes.they all went there _tow，who was ill._making a promise，he kept it.【答案】except for/aside fromexceptbesides/aside from10bury vt.埋葬；隐藏；专心致志so many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything youve ever learnt.(教材p36)很多人认为退休后你能做的所有的事就是关闭大脑，埋葬你曾经所学过的所有的东西。the miners were buried alive when the tunnel collapsed.地道塌方，矿工都被活埋在里面。 she always has her head buried in a book.她总是埋头读书。be buried alive被活埋be buried in thought沉思bury ones head/face in ones hands用手捂住头/脸bury oneself in ones work/studies埋头工作/学习he buried his face in his hands.他双手掩面。he buried himself in his work.他埋头工作。完成句子他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。_，he didnt know that all the others had left.他双手掩面而泣。he_and wept.【答案】buried in his study/because he was burried in his study buried his face in his hands观察下列从reading中选取的句子，体会虚拟语气的用法。i decided that it_was_time i became_an internet user.in the past，if someone had_worked for a company for over 20 years，they would_have_stayed there until retirement!i_felt_as_if_i_had_done something wrong!1在“it is/was time(that).”结构中that引导的句子用_语气，即用_或_，但should不可省略。2在if引导虚拟的条件句中，如果与过去事实相反，从句谓语用_，主语谓语用would/should/could/might_。3在as if引导的方式状语从句中，如果所表示的情况不是事实，通常用_语气，如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用_。【答案】1.虚拟一般过去时；should动词原形2.过去完成式(had done)；have done；3.虚拟；“had过去分词”虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的使用范围及判断1虚拟语气表示一种假设。它主要用于由if引导的条件状语从句中，也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句中。2if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。虚拟语气的假设，通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反，与现在事实相反，与将来事实可能相反。3后退一步法。后退一步法指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态，即在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示；与现在事实相反，在从句中用一般过去时形式表示；与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用would，should，could等情态动词加动词形式。if i had come here yesterday，i would have seen him.如果我昨天来这儿，我就能见到他了。if i were a teacher，i would be strict with my students.如果我是老师，我将会严格要求学生。if it should snow tomorrow，they couldnt go out.如果明天下雪，他们就不能外出了。4注意：(1)if条件句中如有were，should，had，可以省去if，并用倒装语序。(2)在现代英语中，if条件状语从句中的谓语动词如果是be，其过去式一般用were。二、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设if主语动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语should/would/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反的假设if主语had过去分词主语should/would/could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实可能相反的假设if主语动词过去式if主语were to动词原形if主语should动词原形主语should/would/could/might动词原形if you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.假如你听了我的建议的话，你就不会考试不及格了。(实际上没考好)if you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.假如你明天来的话，我们就开会。if it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨，运动会就推迟。if he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next monday.假如他明天不来，我们将会议推迟到下周一。使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点：1当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时(被称为“错综时间条件句”)，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应的调整。if you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now.假如你以前努力学习，你现在就是一位大学生了。2在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。if i were at school again，i would study harder.were i at school again，i would study harder.如果再次回到学校的话，我会更加努力地学习。if you had come earlier，you would have caught the bus.had you come earlier，you would have caught the bus.如果早点来的话，你肯定赶上了公交车。if it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.明天下雨的话，我们就不去爬山。注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词为否定，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：were it not for the expense，i would go abroad now.如果不是费用问题，我现在就出国了。但不能说：werent it for the expense，i would go abroad now.3用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with，without，but for。what would you do with a million dollars？(if you had a million dollars)假如有一百万的话，你会做什么？we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(if we hadnt got your help)without your help，we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.(but for your help，.if it had not been for your help，.had it not been for your help，.)如果没有你的帮助，我们是不能提前完成工作的。4含蓄条件句。有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。i was ill that day.otherwise，i would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词)那天我病了。要不然我就参加运动会了。he telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or i would have known nothing about it.(连词)是他打电话告诉我你的生日的，否则我什么都不知道。a man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定语从句)一个人7天左右不喝水就会死。 i might have given you more help，but i was too busy.(连词)我本可以给你更多帮助的，但我太忙了。.单项填空1(2012天津高考)we would have called a taxi yesterday if harold_us a ride home.adidnt offerb. wouldnt offer chasnt offered d. hadnt offered【解析】句意：昨天如果harold不让我们搭车回家的话，我们就会叫出租车了。考查虚拟语气。根据“would have called.yesterday”可知此句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以其从句用过去完成时。【答案】d2(2012山东高考)if we_adequate preparations，the conference wouldnt have been so successful.ahavent made bwouldnt make cdidnt make dhadnt made【解析】句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会如此成功。本题考查虚拟语气。由主句中的wouldnt have been so successful可知 ，表示与过去事实相反，if从句中要用过去完成时，故选d。【答案】d3(2012江西高考)we_have bought so much food now that suzie wont be with us for dinner.amay not bneednt ccant dmustnt【解析】句意：既然suize不和我们共进晚餐，我们本不必买那么多的食物。本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，needt have done表示本不需要做某事。a：可能不；c：不可能；d：禁止，不能与have done sth.连用。【答案】b4_for the free tickets，i would not have gone to the film so often.aif it is not bwere it not chad it not been dif they were not【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为这些免费的票，我不会那么经常去看电影。依据语境，从句部分要用过去完成时假设过去的情况；为了加强语气，可将if省略，把had/should/were提前，构成倒装。【答案】c5its hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i_in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown.a. wouldnt have fallen b. had not fallen c. should fall d. were to fall【解析】本题考查了混合型虚拟条件句，主句是对现在情况的推测，从句表示对过去的假设。句意：如果不是在7岁的时候爱上家乡的melinda cox图书馆，很难想象我今天会在做什么。【答案】b6if the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.but it _all day.arained brains chas rained dis raining【解析】if the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.这个条件句的谓语是表过去的时间，即过去时间段上的虚拟。故而可以判断答案rained。这里通过前面的语境及谓语结构来判断，这是解答虚拟语气试题的关键。【答案】a7if we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river_so seriously now.ais not polluted bwould not be pollutedchad not been polluted dwould not have been polluted【解析】从句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句则表示对现在情况的假设，结合错综时间条件句中主从句谓语动词的形式可知b项正确。【答案】b8but for the help of my english teacher, i_the first prize in the english writing competition.awould not win bwould not have woncwould win dwould have won【解析】考查虚拟语气与时态。句意：要不是我的英语老师的帮助，我就不能获得英语写作比赛的一等奖。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/mighthave done结构，故选b。【答案】b9without the sun，none of the living things on earth _.aexisted bwould existcwould have been existed dexists【解析】句意：要是没有太阳，地球上就没有任何的生命存在。without the sun表示与现在情况相反的条件，故主句中使用虚拟语气，谓语的形式为：would/should/could/might动词原形。【答案】b10_the warning message, more lives would have been lost in the flood.aregardless of binstead of cbut for dexcept for【解析】句意：要不是有警报，会有更多的人在洪水中丧命。but for表示的暗含条件的虚拟语气。故选c。【答案】c.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1if you had tried harder，you _(pass) your exam.2they wouldnt have gotten it done today if i _(help) them.3if the bus _(delay)，i might have arrived on time.4if the weather had been more favorable，the crop _(grow) still better.5he knew that if he _(be) white，he could have been a successful professional man.6_i_(take)an umbrella with me，i wouldnt have been caught in the rain.7 if i were you，i _(miss)the film last night.8i ran all the way to school，otherwise i_(be)late.9if i knew his telephone number，i_(tell)you.10if he _(come)here tomorrow，i could talk to him.【答案】1.could/would have passed2.hadnt helped3had not been delayed4.would be growing5.were6.had；taken7.wouldnt have missed8.would have been9.would tell10.should come/were to come/came 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1用于宾语从句中(1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词的构成形式为：i wish (that) i were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我多么希望我是一只小鸟，能在空中自由地飞翔。i wish (that) i had met that film star yesterday.我多么希望我昨天碰到了那个电影明星。(2)用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。he suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.他建议我们明天早点出发。the doctor ordered that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay.医生命令不要延误，马上送病人到医院。they insisted that the boy (should) go with them.他们坚持要那个男孩和他们一起去。(3)在would rather后的宾语从句中，