河南省郑州市高考英语考前冲刺 阅读理解考前自练题10.doc

郑州市2014高考英语阅读理解考前自练题阅读理解find which direction is southdo you have a good sense of direction?if not,please take with you a compass. but if you forget to take a compass,you can still find your way.its never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted(委托)with the job of map-reading actually knows where the family is. you can tell by the slightly confused look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. never mind. the sun is shining and its still morning. if you dont know the exact time,you can still find out where south is,but youll need to be patient.find a straight stick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow.try to position the stick as vertically(垂直)as you can. you can check this by making a simple plumb line(铅锤线) with a piece of string and weight. you havent got any string?ok,use a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight.mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick.wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again.keep doing this until you have made several marks.the mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shadow,which is east at midday,when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south.pick a point in the distance along the line between the shortest shadow and the stick.that point is south of where you are.now you can turn the map,like you did before,and find which way you should be travelling.1. to find the direction,we ought to be patient probably because.a. it is not easy to find a proper stickb. it is not easy to position the stickc. it takes hours to make the marksd. it takes about half an hour to make the marks2. the passage would probably be most helpful to.a. those who draw mapsb. those who get lostc. those who make compassesd. those who do experiments3. which of the following pictures best shows the way of finding the direction of south?4. the author presents this passage by.a. telling an interesting storyb. describing an activity in a lively wayc. testing an idea by reasoningd. introducing a practical method【参考答案】23.1-5 cbad阅读理解-人文地理类(2013重庆，d)not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the atlantic ocean，an sshaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.the atlantic has，in a sense，replaced the mediterranean as the inland sea of western civilization.unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.it is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.“storm at sea”，a short poem written around 700，is generally regarded as one of mankinds earliest artistic representations of the atlantic.when the wind is from the westall the waves that cannot rest to the east must thunder on where the bright tree of the sunis rooted in the oceans breast.as the poem suggests，the atlantic is never dead and dull.it is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.it makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.it is easy to imagine the atlantic trying to draw breathperhaps not so noticeably out in midocean，but where it meets land，its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.it mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.it is filled with symbiotic existences，too：unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony，giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat，a kind of subocean vitality.and it has a psychology.it has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.9unlike real inland seas，the atlantic ocean is _.aalways energetic blacking in livelinesscshaped like a square dfavored by ancient poets解析细节理解题。从第一段中的“unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.”可知，liveliness(精力充沛，活跃)与energetic近义，故答案为a项。答案a10what is the purpose of using the poem “storm at sea” in the passage?ato describe the movement of the waves.bto show the strength of the storm.cto represent the power of the ocean.dto prove the vastness of the sea.解析推理判断题。从诗歌下面的一段“as the poem suggests，the atlantic is never dead and dull.it is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.it makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.”可知，这首诗主要向我们描述了海洋的强大力量。答案c11what does the underlined word “symbiotic” mean?aliving together. bgrowing fast.cmoving harmoniously. dbreathing peacefully.解析词义猜测题。划线单词所在的句子后边用了冒号，后边的内容是对前边句子的解释，从下文“unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony”中的mix within等字眼可知，划线单词意为“共生的”，故a项符合要求。答案a12in the last paragraph，the atlantic is compared to _.aa beautiful and poetic placeba flesh and blood personca wonderful worldda lovely animal解析推理判断题。从最后一句“it has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.”中可以看出，大西洋有个性：有时安静，有时野蛮等，把这些用来描绘人的词汇用来描写大西洋，所以此处把大西洋比喻成了一个有血有肉的人。答案b阅读理解as the railroads and the highways shaped the american west in the past centuries, a new electrical generating（发电）and transmission（输送）system for the 21stcentury will leave a lasting mark on the west, for better or worse. much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. the same is true of big solar pants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.the 19th century saw land grants（政府拨地）offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads ,leaving public land in between privately owned land . in much of the west ,some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped ,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management, with the completion or the interstate highway system ,many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well ,have lost their lifeblood and died .big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the west .this is not an argument against building then ,we need alternative energy badly .and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now .so trade-offs will have to be made .some scenic sport will be sacrificed .some species (物种)will be forced to move ,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations ,deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects .the lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter .the 21st century development of the american west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money to do a lot of good .but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroad and the highway.the money set aside in negotiated trade offs and the institution that control will shape the west far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines .so lets remember the effects of the railroad and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the west .( ) 1.what was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?a. small towns along the railways became abandoned.b. some railroad stops remained.c. land in the west was hard to manage.d. land grants went into private hands.( ) 2. what is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?a. the transmission of power b. the use of money and power c. the conservation of solar energy d. the selection of an ideal place ( ) 3.what is the authors attitude towards building solar plants?a. cautious b. approving c. doubtful d. disapproving ( ) 4.which is the best title for the passage?a. how the railways have affected the west b. how solar energy could reshape the west c. how the effects of power plants can be reduced d. how the problems of the highways have been settled【文章大意】说明文。文章说明的是一种新的太阳能电力系统是如何或好或坏的影响美国西部地区的。1.答案c。细节理解题。由文章第二段in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management ,with the completion or the interstate highway system可知。2.答案b。细节理解题。由文章alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money to do a lot of good和文章最后两段内容可以看出。3. a 态度题，作者由铁路和高速公路在西部建设过程中出现的好的和坏的影响来说明solar plants 在西部建设也会出现同样的问题。他是担心的caution4. b 主旨大意题。文章说明的是一种新的太阳能电力系统是如何或好或坏的影响美国西部地区的。太阳能电力系统会重塑美国西部。阅读理解-ain the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. this sometimes happens with humans also. but i have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. i see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. and i have discovered that it makes them happy.from my wheelchair experience, i see the best in people, but sometimes i feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness i see daily. they dont get to see this soft side of others. often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. but only when we stop pretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them.last month, when i was driving home on a busy highway, i began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. people behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. at the moment i decided to do something i had never done in twenty-four years of driving. i put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.no more angry shouts and no more horns!when i put on my flashlights, i was saying to other drivers, “i have a problem here. i am weak and doing the best i can.” and everyone understood. several times, i saw drivers who wanted to pass. they couldnt get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. but instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we dont feel that way. but those are few and far between. more often, it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.( ) 1. the author has discovered that people will feel happy when _. a. they offer their help b. they receive others help c. they feel others kindness d. they show their weakness( ) 2. the author feels