江苏溧水县高考英语一轮课外练习（1）.doc

2015江苏溧水县高考英语一轮课外练习（1）及答案完型填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从以下题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。夹叙夹议型完形填空 for a long time i saw happiness as a huge banner (旗帜)across the finish line of a long race. i felt that only when i _1_ certain things could i finally be happy in my life. most of the time i felt like a tortoise believing that being slow and _2_ would win the race. at other times i would _3_ like a rabbit trying different side roads at a dangerous speed hoping to reach that banner a little faster. _4_， i began to see that no matter how long i raced towards it, the banner was never any _5_.i finally decided one day to sit down and take a break. it was then that i saw my _6_ sitting beside me.it had been with me as i _7_ hard to support my family, as i played with my children and heard their _8_ and even when i was sick with my wife at my side looking after me. it had been with me as i raced towards that stupid banner. i just didnt have the _9_ to see it. there is an old chinese proverb that says, “tension is what you think you should be. _10_ is who you are.” perhaps we all should stop our race towards the _11_ life we think we should have and _12_ the life we have now. happiness will never be found under some banner far away. it will be found in your own heart, soul and mind. it will be found when you _13_ that others love you just as you do. dont be a tortoise or a rabbit when it comes to your happiness. be a playful puppy and carry your stick of _14_ with you everywhere you go. _15_ yourself out of the race and realize that when it comes to love and happiness, you are already there.1. aforgot bmissedcovercame daccomplished2. asafe bsteadyccalm dquiet3. aact bruncjump dwalk4. agenerally bgraduallycunfortunately dfirstly5. aclearer blowerccloser dsmaller6. ahappiness bgoalcsuccess dfriendship7. astudied bfoughtcexercised dworked8. alaughter bcomplaintscstories dbreathing9. acourage bchancecwisdom dstrength10a.stress brelaxationcfailure dpain11. areal bperfectccommon dcolourful12. aenjoy bchangecimprove dcreate13. arealize bbelievechope dadmit14. asorrow bresponsibilitycfortune djoy15. acarry bmakecpush dtakea【要点综述】 本文是夹叙夹议文。作者通过自身的经历诠释了这样一个道理：我们经常认为只有取得了某些成就，过上理想中完美的生活才会幸福，其实幸福就存在于我们不经意间平凡而琐碎的生活中，它早就已经根植在你我身边。1d由finish line of a long race可知作者认为人取得阶段性的成功才能真正感觉到幸福，故选d。2b根据学生已知的龟兔赛跑的故事背景可知。作者希望像乌龟那样，靠沉稳赢得最终的比赛。所以应该选择slow的同义词，故选b。3a根据下文提到“like a rabbit trying different side roads”可知，作者在其他时候，表现得像兔子一样，总愿意抄近路到达终点，故选a。4b由下文“i began to see that”可知，作者开始逐渐意识到，故选b。5c根据下文“i finally decided one day totake a break.”可知，那个目标从来没有离作者更近一些，故选c。6a根据下文“happiness will never be found under some banner far away.”可知，作者停下来休息时才发现，幸福就在身边，故选a。7d根据下文hard to support my family可知，当作者努力工作养家的时候，幸福在他身边，故选d。8a根据上文“i played with my children”可知作者与孩子们一起玩，感到幸福，听到的一定是快乐的笑声，故选a。 9c根据上文“as i raced towards that stupid banner.”中的stupid 可推知，幸福一直在作者身边，只是作者没有智慧去发现这一点，故选c。10b根据上文“tension is what you think you should be.”可推知，此处应选与tension意思相对的relaxation, 故选b。11b根据上下文的语意，可知作者以前总是追求自以为值得自己全力以赴去争取的某种完美的生活，所以此处应该是略带贬义的一种说法。故选b。12a根据上文可知，我们应该停止追寻自以为完美的生活，所以，我们应该享受现在我们所拥有的生活。故选a。13a根据上文作者得到启示：“当你意识到别人爱你，你也爱着别人时，幸福就来临了。”所以推出答案为a。14d根据上文“be a playful puppy”可知，让我们做一只快乐的、爱玩耍的小狗，到处衔着你那根快乐的骨头，故选d。15d根据文中多处提到的race可知，我们应该把自己从那个竞赛中解脱出来，故选d。阅读理解。everybody is happy as his pay rises. yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. but a study by sarah brosnan of emory university in atlanta, georgia, which has just been published in nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. the researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. they look smart. they are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. such characteristics make them perfect subjects for doctor brosnans study. the researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. however, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different. in the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). so when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. and if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.the researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. in the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. however, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. 1. according to the passage, which of the following statements is true? a. only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world. b. women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated. c. in the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other.d. monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive. 答案解析：答案为b。本题为推断题，考生需通读全文进行推断。本文讲述了当受到不公平待遇的时候，每个人都会生气，包括动物。但是雌性的动物比雄性的动物更加在意不公平的待遇，研究中用猴子作为实验来证明这一点。文章中第二段 “above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.” 与第三段 “such characteristics make them perfect subjects for doctor brosnans study.” 都有此表达，故答案为b “当受到不公平待遇的时候，女性比男性更加不满”。 从最后一段 “refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. however, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.”中可知，independently (独立)对应a选项中的only，whetheroran unanswered question（是否或者未知的问题）的表达方式与a选项的意思 “只有猴子与人类才具有公平意识” 不同，故a选项是错误的。从第三段 “normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. however, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.”可知，猴子乐意用石块交换黄瓜，但是当看到另外一只猴子因为石块得到的回报，态度就不一样了。因此c选项 “猴子从不会不高兴彼此分享食物” 与该句意思不符。从第四段首句 “in the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).” 中注意 “excellent (极好的)” 与 “ preferable(更好的)” 两词，与d选项 “for grapes are more attractive（更具有吸引力的）” 意思不一致。综上分析，a, c, d都不符合文章意思。2. the underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that _. a. monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows b. feeling bitter at unfairness is also monkeys nature c. monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other d. no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings 答案解析：答案为b。本题为句意推断题。结合文章第一段中 “all too human”前面的内容是说当得知别人懒惰却加薪更多的时候，人人都会生气，这是人的本能。接下来提到的 “it is all too monkey” 也是表达 “猴子受到不公平待遇的时候感到痛苦也是猴子的本能。”的意思。故答案为b。a选项 “猴子对懒惰的同伴也会生气”, c选项 “猴子像人类一样会彼此嫉妒”, d选项 “除了猴子没有其他的动物会有那种感觉” 都与文章意思不符。3. female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are _ . a. more likely to weigh what they get b. attentive to researchers instructions c. nice in both appearance and behaviorsd. more ready to help others than their male companions 答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节推理题。从文章中第二段 “above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.” 与第三段 “such characteristics make them perfect subjects for doctor brosnans study.” 可知，雌性的猴子作为实验是因为她们比雄性的猴子更加关注 “物品与服务” 的价值。a选项 “她们更有可能掂量（weigh）她们得到的”, 与上述分析意思一致，故答案为a。b和d在文章中都未提到；c并不是根本的原因。:4. which of the following conclusions is true according to the passage? a. human beings feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys. b. in the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others. c. co-operation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated. d. only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness which dates back to 35 million years ago. 答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节理解题。从文章最后一段 “such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.” 可知，只有当每个动物感觉没有被欺骗的时候合作的态度才是坚定的”, c选项的意思 “意识到被欺骗之前猴子之间的合作非常坚定” 与上述分析一致。解答此题注意同义句的转换表达。a, b, d 与文章意思不符合。5. what can we infer about the monkeys in sarahs study? a. the monkeys can be trained to develop social senses. b. they usually show their feelings openly as humans do.c. the monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment. d. co-operation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild. 答案解析：答案为c。本题为推断题。文章中说，猴子受到不公平待遇的时候会生气，这句话的意思就是c选项的表达 “猴子受到公平待遇的时候会满意”，故答案为c。解答此题仍然要注意推理题设置的技巧：用不同的表达方式来表达同样的意思。从文章最后一段 “the researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. in the wild, they are co-operative and group-living.” 可知，猴子自身就有社会意识，而不是通过训练获得，故a错误。b，d在文章中未提及。 阅读理解【2014泰安高三二轮复习质量检测】howie choset，a roboticist，has been researching and building robots，particularly snake robots，at pittsburghs carnegie mellon university for years.choset believes that his snake robot and others like it help reduce medical costs by making complex surgeries (外科手术) faster and easier.choset says his new design is smaller and more flexible than earlier models.the size of surgical robots allows surgeons to operate with far less damage to the body，helping the patient heal faster.for example，instead of opening the entire chest up during heart surgery，a small hole is made，and a thin robotic snake crawls inside to the proper spot.dr ashutosh tewari of cornell university medical center has used robotic tools to perform thousands of operations.tewari said hes most excited about the potential for surgical robots to do things humans cant do.he said the variety of sensors available for surgical robots keeps expanding，even as they get smaller.he said they may one day be able to test chemicals or blood in the body，or even the electrical connections in nerves.choset has also built larger snake robots designed for search and rescue，or just exploration.they can climb poles or trees and then look around through a camera in the head，and slid through places humans cant reach.another expert at carnegie mellon stresses that theres still an enormous gap between humans and even the most hightech robots.manuela velosa noted that robots have been built that are good at one or two tasksbut not at the variety of tasks humans perform without even thinking.velosa has been building robots that ask humans for help when they dont know what to do，as well as teams of robots that play soccer against each other.sometimes，the robots surprise her by having once defeated the other team.“it was programmed by me，but it looked to me as if they learned，” she said.“i believe we are much closer to having robots be able to exist with humans peacefully.the beautiful thing is you see the robots learning.”1how does choset help save medical costs?aby changing the size of robots frequently.bby designing larger snake robots.cby making complex surgeries faster and easier.dby improving the models of earlier snake robots.2the main advantage of using the thin surgical robot is_.areducing the damage to the bodybproving the technology useful to themchelping the doctors make much moneydworsening the patients sickness3according to manuela velosa，_.arobots will replace humans in the futurebrobots can do much better than humans at some taskscno robots can be made to turn to humans for helpdrobots are able to learn by themselves4what can be inferred from the text?athe snake robot is thought to have no potential.blarger snake robots are not practical.cdoctors will refuse to use the snake robot.dthe future robot will be smarter and more popular.5what is the text mainly about?athree famous roboticists.bresearching and building robots.chow to make snake robots.ddifferent ideas on robots.语篇解读本文是一篇科研报告。文章主要介绍了用于外科手术中的蛇形机器人。1解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“choset believes that his snake robot and others like it help reduce medical costs by making complex surgeries (外科手术) faster and easier.”可知，答案c符合文意。答案：c2解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“the size of surgical robots allows surgeons to operate with far less damage to the body，helping the patient heal faster.”可知，答案a符合文意。答案：a3解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“sometimes，the robots surprise her by having once defeated the other team.”可知，答案b符合文意。答案：b4解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段最