江苏省南京市高考英语一轮起航阅读理解训练（3）（含解析）(1).doc

南京市2015高考英语阅读理解一轮训练（3）及答案阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(五)】 aboys need friends，suffer when they dont believe they have any，and worry over the ups and downs of relationships.many adults believe that somehow boys need friends less than girls do，in truth，though，no boy is an island；boys value their friends throughout childhood and adolescence and are happier and healthier when they have solid relationships with peers.despite the common belief that girls are better at relationships，most boys consider their friends a very important part of their lives，and boys may actually be better at keeping friendships than girls are.a recent study of 10to15yearold boys and girls found that girlsfriendships are actually more fragile.girls tend to say and do hurtful things to each other more frequently than boys，and girls are more hurt by the end of a friendship.boys are the living definition of the phrase “peer group”；they love games with rules，competition，and doing things together.boys seem to enjoy，even need the opportunity to test themselves against others，and many lasting friendships begin in karate (空手道) class or on the basketball court.competence and skill are widely respected；being picked last for a team or left out altogether is an experience that can haunt (萦绕心头) a boy for years.as boys mature，the friendship becomes even more important，and it frequently widens to include girls.during the teen years，friends can become the most important part of a boys lifeand a part in which his parents are not included.the confusion of being a teenager leads boys to form close bonds with friends.there is the sense for many boys that a friend is someone who is “always there for me”，someone he can trust.they may be partners in crime or partners in study，but the friendship of adolescent boys can run surprisingly deep.26the common belief of adults is that boys _.adont care about others as much as girlsbdont value friendships as much as girlschave the same friendship as girls dhave healthier friendship than girls27according to the passage，_.aboys usually build friendships by playing competitive games bboys like to have small groups of friends cboysfriendships seldom result in anyone being hurt dboysfriendships can hardly end in failure28the author mentions the study in para.2 to prove _.agirls value relationships more than boysbmost boys consider their friends very importantcboys may be better at keeping friendships than girlsdboys may be more active in a friendship29as a boy gets older，he tends to _.awiden his circle of friends to include his parentsbshift his focus from his friends to himself cleave his parents out of his friendsdbe confused about what a friendship is 30whats the best title of the passage?afriendships between boys and girlsbboys and their friendshipcchildhood and adolescent friendshipdtips on making friends with boys26b细节理解题。根据第一段“many adults believe that somehow boys need friends less than girls do.”可知答案为b。27a推理判断题。根据第三段“boys seem to enjoy，even need the opportunity to test themselves against others，and many lasting friendships begin in karate class or on the basketball court.”可推知答案为a。28c推理判断题。该研究显示“girlsfriendships are actually more fragile”，并解释了其原因，由此可推知男孩比女孩更注意对友谊的维护。29c细节理解题。根据最后一段“a part in which his parents are not included”可知答案为c。30b主旨大意题。本文说明了男孩怎样重视友谊，并分析了男孩间的友谊，因此b为正确答案。阅读理解in the united states, there were some well-constructed houses for native indians, ranging from the simple brush shelter to the five-storied pueblo.in the eastern united states, one of the existing types was that commonly know under the algonkian name of wigwam in which the iroquois indians lived. the wigwams were of wagon-top shape with straight sides and ends, made by bending young trees to form the round shape. over this shape pieces of tree bark were laid to protect the indians from bad weather. over the bark dried grass was added. a small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top. doorways at each end served also as windows, the iroquois indians built trunk walls all around their villages. the wall had only one opening, they could quickly close this opening if their enemies came near.interestingly, the choctaw indians in mississippi also lived in a wigwam of a most primitive(原始的) construction, but different from those of the iroquois indians. the choctaw indians wigwams, made from mud, cane and straw, were in the form of a bee-hive. the covering was made of a long, tough grass. a post in the centre supported the roof. a hole in the top admitted the light, and allowed the smoke to pass out.the tipi tent-housing of the upper lake and plains area was put up with poles set lightly in the ground, tied together near the top, and covered with bark and grass in the lake country. it was easily portable, and two women could set it up or take it down within an hour.the pawnee, mandan and other indian tribes (部落) along the missouri built solid ring-shaped structures of trunk, covered with earth and dried grass, housing a dozen families.the wichita and other tribes of the texas border built large ring-shaped houses covered with dried grass. ks*5u.capart from the regular housing, almost every tribe had some style of housing.( ) 1.which of the following pictures shows the house for the iroquois indians？( ) 2. according to the passage, the pawnee indians built their houses _.a. with openings in the trunk walls b. large enough for several families c. in a ring shape with bark and mud d. by bending young trees to form the shape( ) 3. all the native indian houses described in the passage were_. ks*5u.ca. of the same shape b. covered with grass c. built with a post in the centre d. built with doorways at each end ( ) 4. the passage suggests that _a. all the native indians built trunk walls all around their houses b. all the native indian houses were built with poles tied togetherc. the iroquois indians took safety into account while building their wigwams d. the choctaw indians in mississippi built their wigwams with straight sides and ends【语篇解读】本篇文章为记叙文。主要讲述了美国的土著居民印第安人的房屋结构和建房特点，展示了美国当地人的居住文化。72.答案a。【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“the wigwams were of wagon-top shape with straight sides and ends”可知，选项a符合题意。73.答案b。【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“the pawnee, mandan and other indian tribes housing a dozen families”可知，应选b项。74.答案b。【解析】细节理解题。文章中出现的grass是indian tribes建造房屋所必不可少的东西。由此可知，印第安人的屋子都用草盖着。由此可知b项正确75.答案c。ks*5u.c【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“they could quickly close this opening if their enemies came near”可以推断出the iroquois indians建造房屋的时候把自身的安全考虑在内了。因此可推断出c项【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(五)】 bchildren start out as natural scientists，eager to look into the world around them.helping them enjoy science can be easy；theres no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment.you only have to share your childrens curiosity.firstly，listen to their questions.i once visited a classroom of sevenyearolds to talk about science as a job.the children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling，salary and whether i liked my job.when i finished answering，we sat facing one another in silence.finally i said，“now that were finished with your lists，do you have questions of your own about science？”after a long pause，a boy raised his hand，“have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢)eat? when i try eating leaves like that，i get a stomachache.why？”this began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.secondly，give them time to think.studies over the past 30 years have shown that，after asking a question，adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer，no time for a child to think.when adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more，children give more logical，complete and creative answers.thirdly，watch your language.once you have a child involved in a science discussion，dont jump in with “thats right” or “very good”these words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior.but in talking about science，quick praise can signal that discussion is over.instead，keep things going by saying “thats interesting” or “id never thought of it in that way before”，or coming up with more questions or ideas.never push a child to “think”it doesnt make sense.children are always thinking，without your telling them to.whats more，this can turn a conversation into a performance.the child will try to find the answer you want，in as few words as possible，so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.lastly，show；dont tell.reallife impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program.let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜)，and theyll understand why you want them to wash before dinner.rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发)，put a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.31according to the passage，children are natural scientists，and to raise their interest，the most important thing for adults to do is _.ato let them see the world aroundbto share the childrens curiositycto explain difficult phrases about sciencedto supply the children with lab equipment32in the last sentence of the first paragraph，the word “lists” could best be replaced by _.aany questionsbany problemscquestions from textbooksdany number of questions33according to the passage，children can answer questions in a more logical，complete and creative way if adults _.aask them to answer quicklybwait for one or two seconds after a questionctell them to answer the next daydwait at least for three seconds after a question34in which of the following paragraph(s)does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?athe second and third.bthe fourth and fifth.cthe fifth and sixth.dthe seventh.35the author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their childrens curiosity except that adults should _.atell their children stories instead of reciting factsboffer their children chances to see things for themselvescbe patient enough when their children answer questionsdencourage their children to ask questions of their own31b细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句中的“.share your childrens curiosity(好奇)”可推知此题的答案为b项。32c推理判断题。根据文章第一段第六句“the children asked me textbook questions.”可推知此题的答案为c项。33d推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“when adults increase their wait time to three seconds or more，children give more logical(符合逻辑的)，complete and creative answers.”可推知此题的答案为d项。34c归纳概括题。根据问题的内容可在文章的第五、六段找到答案。35a推理判断题。根据文章内容：从第四段排除c项；从文章前三段的内容排除d项；从第七段排除b项。从而可推知答案为a项。阅读理解(2011湖北卷，d)feeling blue about the world ? “cheer up，” says science writer matt ridley.“the world has never been a better place to live in，and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”ridley calls himself a rational optimistrational，because hes carefully weighed the evidence optimistic，because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. and this is what hes set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book the rational optimist. he views mankind as a grand enterprise that，on the whole，has done little but progress for 100, 000 years.he backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.heres how he explains his views.1)shopping fuels inventionit is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in london alone.even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty，our own generation has access to more nutritious food，more convenient transport，bigger houses，better cars，and of course，more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .this will continue as long as we use these things to make other things.the more we specialize and exchange，the better off well be.2) brilliant advancesone reason we are richer，healthier，taller，cleverer，longerlived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needsfood，clothing，fuel and shelterhave grown a lot cheaper.take one example.in 1800 a candle providing one hours light cost six hours work.in the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for.in 1950 it was eight seconds.today its half second.3) lets not kill ourselves for climate changemitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.a child that dies from indoor smoke in a village，where the use of fassilfuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by wellmeaning members of green political movements trying to save the world，is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change.if climaic change proves to be mild，but cutting carbon causes real pain，we may well find that we have stopped a nosebleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks.人类的进步是无法阻挡的，是令人乐观。在理性的乐观主义者一书中，作者