江苏省南京市东山外国语学校高中英语 英语典型错误例析 选修7.doc

江苏省南京市东山外国语学校高中英语选修七 高中英语典型错误例析1、他仍和老朋友保持联系.误: he still keeps touch with his old friends.正: he still keeps in touch with his old friends.析: keep in touch with 与保持联系。注意touch的有关短语:(1) in touch a/adv.(和)接触,取得联络;知道(的)情况.其反义词组为:out of touch;(2)lose touch (with) (和)失去联系,断绝联络;(3)get in touch with 与取得联系;例如:1) i want to get in touch with the agency.我想和那个代办处取得联系。2) im out of touch with economic conditions now.我现在对经济情况已生疏了。3) with mobile phones, we can keep in touch with others wherever we are.有了手机，无论何处，我们都可以与别人保持联系。2、他把许多的时间都用来研究英语惯用法。误：he contributed much time to study english usage.正：he contributed much time to studying english usage.析：contribute to； 捐献给；贡献给；介词to后一般接名词或v-ing形式，其中to可以用towards 替换。例：all the children contributed their free time to the concert.所有的孩子都把业余时间用在听音乐会上了。注意：contribute to /towards 还有有助于；对起作用；投稿（给报社，杂志）的意思。a proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.适量运动有益健康。it is an honor to be invited to contribute to your magazine.承蒙贵刊邀稿，甚感荣幸。其同义词组为：make a contribution to ; to为介词。3、正因如此，至今还未能确定是谁发明了电视。误：because of this, it is still not sure who invented tv.正：because of this, it is still uncertain who invented tv.析：uncertain 是certain 的反义词，意为不确定，无把握的意思。这里涉及到certain和sure 的用法区别：（1）certain (more certain, most certain)与sure 同义，但比sure 依据客观事实。（2）相同点：be certain/sure of /about sth. 对有把握；（指主语对有把握，有信心）；be sure/certain to do sth.必定会，一定会（指从旁观者的角度或者根据某种客观情况得出结论，确信某情况一定会发生）be sure /certain +that 从句. 相信、认为例如：he is sure /certain of winning the game. (他自己有把握赢得比赛)he is sure /certain to win the game. (根据客观情况，旁观者认为他能赢得比赛。)the professor is sure to live to 90. 这教授一定能活到90岁。（旁观者认为）the professor is sure of living to 90. 这教授自己有信心活到90岁。make sure/certain of +名词/that 从句/wh- 弄清楚，弄确定；确定，确保。例：make sure /certain of the time and the place of his arrival.=make sure /certain when and where he arrived.弄清楚他到达的时间和地点。lets make sure /certain that well get seats.确保我们要有座位。区别：在it为主语的结构中，只能用certain 或uncertain不能用sure. it is certain that, 是确定的。certain 还表示未指明真实名称的某，说出名称但不熟悉的某，一位姓的人。 a certain car= some cara certain mr. jones called while you were out.有个琼斯先生在你出去的时候打电话来过。4、水虽深，但却清澈见底。误：though the water is deep, but it is clear.正：though the water is deep, it is clear.正：the water is deep, but it is clear.正：though the water is deep, yet it is clear.析：though绝不能与表示转折的关系连词but连用，二者只具其一，如果要强调反面，可用yet, still, nevertheless等副词。 5、那工作很辛苦，但是我却做得很愉快。误：it was hard work; though i enjoyed it.正：it was hard work; i enjoyed it though.析：though 作副词，口语中表示可是，但是，还是通常置与句尾或插入句中。又如：theres no excuse, though, for hurting her feelings.伤到她的感情的事还是不可原谅的。6、尽管他们穷，他们还是买了很多书。误：though poor they are, they buy a great many books.正：though they are poor, they buy a great many books.正：poor though they are, they buy a great many books.析：though作连词，引导状语从句中有形容词，名词等在句子中做表语时，有时为加强语气而置于though前面形成倒装。又如：child though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.=though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.7、他虽然穷，却很幸福。误：he was happy, though was poor.正：he was happy, though poor.析：though 从句动词如与主语为同一动词，则有时省略主语与动词。8、在我看来，手工制作的裤子要比机器加工的裤子要好。误：in my opinion, trousers made by hand are superior than those made by machines.正：in my opinion, trousers made by hand are superior to those made by machines.析：短语be superior to 的意思是比好，比强。to不能用than代替。9、他大概很快就会来的。误：he is possible to come soon.正：it is possible that he will come soon.正：he is likely to come soon.正：it is likely that he will come soon.析： likely和possible都有有可能的意思，意思相同，但用法有区别：likely的逻辑主语可以是sb.也可以是sth.而possible的逻辑主语不可以是sb. it is likely that sb./sth. is likely to do sth.it is possible that sb. is possible to do sth.10、在这个办公室里，没有人比她打字更出色。误：no one is her superior to typewriting in this office.正：no one is her superior in typewriting in this office.析：be ones superior in 在方面比某人优越。superior 作可数名词是优越的人后面通常加介词in，表示在上。另外superior 还有上级,长者等意思。ones superior = ones superior office，某人的长官。11、这个厂有30的钢出口了。误：thirty per cent of the steel in this factory have been exported.正：thirty per cent of the steel in this factory has been exported.析：per cent可写成percent 表示每百分之中的，百分之用在数词的后面，通常接of短语，表示范围。谓语动词往往随of后的名词或代词的数而定。如：ten per cent of the students are absent.12、40以上的学生戴眼镜。误：more than 40 percentage of the students wear glasses.正：more than 40 percent of the students wear glasses.析：percentage 百分数，百分比不能与具体数词连用（如不可说40 percentage,只可说40 percent）。后面也可接of短语，of后的名词若为单数，则视为单数，复数时视为复数。如：a large percentage of the population lives in big cities.大部分的人口都在城市。a large percentage of schoolbooks have pictures.大部分教科书都有插图。13、随后的五年里，美国的消费者已能接收到200个频道。误：within 5 years, consumers in the usa had access 200 channels.正：within 5 years, consumers in the usa had access to 200 channels.析：access作接近的权利（机会），利用的权利（机会）讲时是不可数名词。have access to = gain access to = get access to 如：every student has free access to the library.每位学生都可以自由利用图书馆。get access to 还可以用于进入电脑。his son likes getting access to the internet and chatting online at weekends.他儿子喜欢在周末上网聊天。14、这种型号的自行车是昨天才投放到市场上出售的。误：this kind of bicycles only came on the market yesterday.正：this kind of bicycles only came onto the market yesterday正：this kind of bicycles only came into the market yesterday析：大家应熟记market有关的几个短语：come onto /into the market (vi) （商品）上市，开始被出售be on the market (vi) （商品）上市，出售中be in the market for (vt.)想买bring to market (vt.)把推出市场，出售play the market (vi)玩股票，做（股票的）投机生意15、寓教于乐是教这些孩子的一种好方式。误：a good way of teaching children is to combine teaching to pleasure.正：a good way of teaching children is to combine teaching with pleasure.析：combine with 把结合起来，其中的with 不能用to。theory should be combined with practice.理论必须与实践相结合。注意：combine 本身就有把两个或两个以上的事物结合在一起的意思，故句中不能再用into, together等表示聚合的介词或副词。如:later the two team were combined .不能说later the two team were combined together.16、当时的唱机必须用手摇。误：at that time, the record player had to be winded up by hand.正：at that time, the record player had to be wound up by hand.析：wind的过去式和过去分词都是wound。17、这项研究成果将应用与肺癌的治疗。误：the results of this research will be applied for the treatment of lung cancer. 正：the results of this research will be applied to the treatment of lung cancer.析：掌握以下几个短语的用法：apply sth. to sth. （把）应用（于）；apply sth. to do sth.把用于做某事。这两个短语中apply 的意思是运用。另外，apply 还有申请，请求的意思。如：i will apply to the company for the job.我将去那家公司申请那份工作。apply oneself to 专心致志于专心从事于；如：he applied himself to his job.他埋头与他的工作。18、伊拉克战争导致了更多恐怖袭击。误：the iraqi war has led more terrorist attacks.正：the iraqi war has led to more terrorist attacks.析：lead vi.(结果)导致，招致，后常接介词to,不能用于被动语态。lead to 还有通向的意思。如：this bridge leads to the island.这座桥通往那个岛屿。all roads lead to rome.（谚）条条大路通罗马。记住以下短语的用法：lead sb. to sp.把某人带（引）至某地，在此情况下可以用被动语态如：the lost boy was led to the police post by the passerby.迷路男孩被路人带到派出所。lead /live a happy /busy /quiet life 过幸福/忙碌/宁静的生活；lead sb. to do sth. 使某人干某事。what led you to believe it? 什么使你相信它？19、这些数字总计为50。误：these figures add to 50.正：these figures add up to 50.析：add to 中的to 为介词，后接n.或ving形式，意思是增加，增添。如： the news added to his anxiety. 这则消息增添了他的忧虑。add和to还可以分开，add a to b 把a加到b上； 如：will you add some more sugar to your coffee?你的咖啡要多加一点糖吗？add up 合计，加起来；如： add the figures up.把这些数字加起来。add up to 加起来是,总计共达，总之就是，意味着（mean）；如：his remarks added up to a condemnation of my plan.他的意见总之就是谴责我的计划。20、他父亲的公司破产了，他已决定把它接管过来。误：his fathers company became bankrupt, he has decided to take over it.正：his fathers company became bankrupt, he has decided to take it over.析：take over 接管，接收，继承，占据既可以作及物动词又可以做不及物，动副结构（即：可分开用；当宾语是代词时，用宾格放在动词和副词之间）。如：they have taken over our firm by buying up shares.他们借收购股权而接管了我们公司。21、儿童游乐场所雨后春笋般的在这个地方涌现。误：play areas for children are springing all over the place.正：play areas for children are springing up all over the place.析：spring up 表示突然出现，涌现的意思。注意spring的过去式sprang，过去分词sprung。22、不仅学生，老师们也去野营。误：the students as well as the teachers are going camping.正：the teachers as well as the students are going camping.正：not only the students but also the teachers are going camping.析：as well as 侧重点在前，连接两个并列成分作主语，谓语动词与其前面的数保持一致，相同的用法的词还有：along with, together with ,with等；not only but also 侧重点在后，连接两个并列成分作主语，谓语动词采用就近原则，相同用法的词还有：neither nor， either or , there be 结构等。23、100万美元对我来说是一笔巨款。误：a million dollars is a large number of money to me.正：a million dollars is a large amount of money to me.析：用数来计算的东西用number,用量来计算的东西用amount.a large/limited/small amount of + n.(不可数) 大量/定量/少量的；a large/small/great number of + n.(可数复数) 许多的；the number of + n.(可数复数)+v(复数) 的数目the amount of +n.(不可数)+v(单数) 的量24、这部影片的录制花了很长时间。误: the record of the film took a long time.正: the recording of the film took a long time.析：指录制的过程要用recording ,不能用record。25、经理要求我马上告诉他真相。误：the manager demanded that i told him the truth at once.正：the manager demanded that i (should) tell him the truth at once.析：demand 后接宾语从句，表示要求，命令的语气时，要用虚拟语气，即should v(原形)，should可以省略。26、大家都知道，水在华氏32度或摄氏0度时结冰。误：as we know, water freezes at 32 degrees fahrenheit or zero degree celsius.正：as we know, water freezes at 32 degrees fahrenheit or zero degrees celsius.析：degree表示温度的度数时，总是用复数。0度zero degrees。27、你能把所有的书一同放在包中吗？误：can you put your books altogether in the bag?正：can you put your books all together in the bag?析：altogether表示一共，总共；如：we have invited 50people altogether.我们共邀请了50人。此处指把所有的书一同放入包中，所以用all together，all together=together ,意思是全部在同一个地方或同一时间，在一起。如：they went to see the film all together.28、我家乡百分之四十的水都被污染了。误: up 40% of the water in my hometown is polluted.正: up to 40% of the water in my hometown is polluted.析：up to 表示达到某一数目。注意其用法：用在地点，数量，程度，时间等前面表示直到，到为止。如：the three-year-old boy counted up to a hundred.那个三岁男孩一直数到100.be up to sb. 是某人的责任，由某人决定。如：its up to us to help them.帮助他们是我们的责任。用在疑问或否定句中，表示忍住，胜任。如：she is not up to the job.她不胜任那个工作。用在口语中表示计谋什么（坏事）。如：i see what you are up to.我知道你在动什么坏脑筋？29、电用炊具通常涂有不粘锅材料，很容易清洗。误：electric work are usually coated with teflon and easy to clean.正: electric works are usually coated with teflon and easy to clean.析：works 表示炊具，常用复数形式。work 作工作讲不可数名词;a piece of work(= a job)一份工作。work又作作品，著作讲，是可数名词。如：this is such an important work that all of us should read it carefully.30、我们原以为会迟到，但我们还是及时赶上了这个节目。误：we thought we should be late, but we were on time for the program.正: we thought we should be late, but we were in time for the program.析：in time for 表示及时赶上的意思。31、我认为即使你不熟悉数码相机，使用它也不困难。误：i think you will not have any difficulty to use it even if you are not familiar to digital cameras.正: i dont think you will have any difficulty using it even if you are not familiar with digital cameras.析：注意此句中的三处错误。英语中有些动词如：think, believe, suppose等，当它们引导一个具有否定意思的宾语从句，并且主语为第一人称时，通常要否定前置。如：i dont think you are right. 我想你是不对的。（不说：i think you are not right.）另外，其反意疑问句与其宾语从句的反意疑问句保持一致。如：i dont think you are right，are you?have some /no difficulty/problem (in )doing sth.做某事有/没有困难/问题be familiar to 为所熟悉；如：his name is familiar to me, but i havent met him.他的名字我耳熟，但未曾谋面。be familiar with 通晓，与（对）熟悉，与很亲密；如：he is more familiar with modern jazz than i.他比我更熟悉现代爵士乐。he is familiar with famous people in the political world.他与政界名人的关系很亲密。32、我觉得电视看的太多只会使你愚钝。误：i think watching much too tv just make you stupid.正: i think watching too much tv just make you stupid.析：副词too 修饰形容词时，前面可以用much, a lot , a bit, far 来修饰，表示强调，相当于very。而too much 的中心词为much，后常加不可数名词或单独使用表示太多。同样的too many常加可数名词复数形式，如：too many students 太多的学生。33、我想要他立刻做这件事。误：i preferred that he did it at once.正: i preferred that he (should) do it at once.析：prefer相当于like better,宁愿做，更喜欢其用法现归纳如下：prefer sth./doing sth./to do sth.prefer sb to do sth.prefer sth. to sth./prefer doing sth. to doing sth.prefer sth. rather than sth./prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.prefer that 从句（从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+ v原形，should 可以省略。）34、科学家们最近向我们提供了一些令人不安的发现。误：scientists have recently provided us for some worrying findings.正: scientists have recently provided us with some worrying findings.正：scientists have recently provided some worrying findings for/to us.析：provide 为及物动词时意思是供给，供应。provide +名for/to名（人） provide 名（人）with名。如：they provided food and clothes for the sufferers. = they provided the sufferers with food and clothes.他们提供食物和衣服给受难者。provide 做不及物动词意思是预防（灾害），赡养，抚养。如：youd better provide against an earthquake.你最好做预防地震的准备。he had to provide for the large family.他必须赡养这个大家庭。provide 的过去分词provided,后面常加上that 引导的从句，相当于if引导的条件状语从句，表示倘若，在条件下。如：provided that there is no opposition, i will act as representative of our class.倘若没有反对的话，我将作为我们班的代表。35、他把我家里做的面包比喻成硬实块，真是无礼。误：he rudely compared my homemade bread with a lump of rock.正: he rudely compared my homemade bread to a lump of rock.析：compare 作及物动词，把和比较，比起来。常用搭配：compare 名with/to名。如：i compared the translation with/to the original.我把译文和原文对照一番。另外compare名to名，还有把比拟为，比喻为意思。如：shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把世界比喻舞台。compare 做不及物动词与with, to连用构成动词短语匹敌，可与相比的意思。如：my works dont compare with yours.我的作品不能和你的相比。compare with/to her mother, she is tall.和她妈妈相比，她算是很高了。36、辐射量相当于每天使用两次，每次半小时的手机所接受的辐射。误：the amount of radiation was equal with a mobile phone for two half-hour periods per day.正: the amount of radiation was equal to a mobile phone for two half-hour periods per day.析：be equal to 表示等于其中的介词不能用as或with替代。如：one kilogram is equal to 1000 grams.一公斤等于1000克。on the whole, women are not equal to men in physical strength.总体上说，女性的体力不及男性。37、此前的科学实验都未表明使用手机与患癌之间有绝对的关联。误：previous this, scientific experiments didnt show a definite link between mobile phone use and cancer.正: previous to this, scientific experiments didnt show a definite link between mobile phone use and cancer.析：previous 做形容词与to 构成介词短语，意为在以前，后接名词或ving ,引导的短语在句中作状语。如：previous to leaving for france, he studied a lot about the country.在启程去法国之前，他对该国作了相当多的研究。另外，previous 置于名词之前表示（时间，顺序）前的，先的。如：(on) the previous day （在）前一天。口语中还有过早的，过急的意思（通常做表语）。如：your thanking is rather previous, i havent decided to help you yet.你别谢的太早，我还没有决定要帮助你呢！38、人们常把威士忌同苏格兰联系起来。误：whisky is usually associated to scotland.正: whisky is usually associated with scotland.析：短语be associated with 意思是与有联系，与有关。39、她被认为是最卓越的钢琴家之一。误：she is acknowledged one of the greatest pianists.正: she is acknowledged as/to be one of the greatest pianists.析：acknowledge 作承认，认可讲,后接n./ doing sth. /that从句。如：she acknowledged defeat.she acknowledged having been defeated.she acknowledged that she was defeated.她承认输了。另外，acknowledge名to be /as名/形容词表示认为是的意思，类似的用法还有consider, regard, look on, have等。40、我们老师对我们很信任。误：our teacher has faith to us.正: our teacher has faith in us.析：短语have faith in 表示信任（某人或某事）意思。反义词组为lose faith in 。有时为了强调，faith前还口语家形容词firm, full, little 等词修饰。如：he has blind faith in what she says.他对她言听计从。lose full faith in god. 对上帝完全失去信心。41、马路上的噪音影响我们学习。误：the noise from the street effected our study.正: the noise from the street affected our study.析：affect 及物动词对影响，发生作用的意思，其名词形式为effect。have effect on/upon 对有影响，对起作用的意思。前面还可以用表示程度的形容词修饰。如: have a bad/good effect on/upon对有坏/好的影响;have an important effect on/upon 对有重大影响。注：这个短语的主语一般为事物。42、树上有只鸟。误：a bird is on the tree.正: a bird is in the tree.析：on the tree 是指树本身所有的，含有树结出的果实的意味，in the tree 通常是指外部的人或物落到树上，含有在树枝叶里面的意思。如：there arent any apples on the tree now.现在树上没有苹果了。a sparrow is having a rest in a tree.一只麻雀在树上休息。43、你知道他缺席的原因吗？误：do you know the reason of his absence?正：do you know the reason for his absence?析：the reason for sth.和the cause of sth.两个短语中的介词是固定搭配，不能互换。同样的还有the ticket for sth.(的票)；the way to sp.(去的路)；the entrance /exit to (的入口/出口)；the key/answer to(的答案)等。44、您这样说太客气了。误：it is very kind for you to say so.正：it is very kind of you to say so析：it is + adj.+ of + sb.+ to do sth.这一句式结构中的形容词用来说明某人（sb.）的行为方式的特征，这种结构中常用的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, stupid, silly, clever, young 等；而在it is + adj.+ for+ sb.+ to do sth这一结构中，常用的形容词有important, necessary, possible等。45、它还能拍摄移动画面。误：it is capable to take moving pictures as well.正：it is capable of taking moving pictures as well.析：capable 形容词有能力的，有本领的，如：she proved a very capable doctor.事实证明她是一位有能力的医生；capable 与of 连用，构成be capable of 短语，表示可以的，能的，如：she is capable of taking care of herself.她完全有能力照顾好自己。 the situation is capable of improvement.情况是可以改善的。注意able和capable 的区别：在意义上：able 只表示褒义，capable则表示褒贬两层意思。