江苏省南京市东山外国语学校高中英语 U3 语言点 选修7.docVIP

江苏省南京市东山外国语学校高中英语选修七 u3 语言点1. search for information on a variety of topics. (p33) 就各种话题搜索信息。searchv. 1) i or t to look somewhere carefully in order to find sth.:the police searched the woods for the missing boy.she searched his face for some sign of forgiveness, but it remained expressionless.he searched (in/through) his pockets for some change.ive searched high and low (= everywhere), but i cant find my birth certificate.the detectives searched the house from top to bottom (= all over it), but they found no sign of the stolen goods.figurative: she searched her mind/memory for the mans name, but she couldnt remember it.figurative: people who are searching after inner peace sometimes turn to religion.2) i to try to find the answer to a problem:philosophers have searched for millennia but they havent found the meaning of life.3) t a police officer who searches you or your possessions looks for sth. you might be hiding:the men were searched for drugs and then released.n. 1) c when you try to find someone or sth.:after a long search, they eventually found the missing papers.were doing a computer search for all words beginning with high.the police carried out/conducted/made a thorough/exhaustive search of the premises, but they failed to find any drugs.2) s when you try to find an answer to a problem:the search for happinessa variety ofn. 1) c a different type of sth.:the article was about the different varieties of spanish spoken in south america.this variety of rose is especially hardy and drought-resistant.our supermarket stocks apples in several different varieties.2) s many different types of things or people:she does a variety of fitness activities.the equipment could be used for a variety of educational purposes.manufacturers need large sales to justify offering a big variety in export markets.2. shop for the top brands at the best prices all over the world. (p33) 以最低价购买世界品牌的产品。at prep.（表示地点）在 word that shows where i met my uncle at the bus stop. i live at high street. i met a friend at the theatre. my mother is a teacher at the village school. isabel is at home. he is at the door. he is waiting at the gate. he stood at the corner of the street. he stands at the end of the street. the little girl skipped along at her mothers side. prep. （表示时间）在时（刻）word that shows when ill be back at five. we leave at two oclock. she was barely walking at the age of four. sometimes i cant sleep at night. i was born in 1874 at christmas. at the end of the week we had an english party. the story was well known at the time. prep. 在方面 word that shows what he is very good at french. he is good at football. prep. （表示速度等） word that shows how fast, etc.; word that shows how much, etc. we drove at 60 kilometers an hour. the plane is flying at high speed. he ran at full speed. i bought two lemons at 12 pence. he sold them at a loss. prep. 向对准 towards he threw the stone at me. her mother smiled at her. he took a glance at the painting. the soldiers rushed at the enemy. prep. 指活动情况，状态，方式 activity, state, manner they are now at work. he was at (his) dinner. what are you looking at? what is he at? i will go now at my lesson. prep. 表示原因 expressing cause the baby stopped crying at the sight of its mother. 高考链接the place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (2005 江苏)a. which; where b. at which; whichc. at which; where d. which; in which答案及解析：选c. at which the bridge is supposed to be built在句中充当定语从句，修饰the place, where引导的是表语从句。3. keep in touch with family members wherever you are in the world. (p33) 无论你在世界的任何地方都可以与家人保持联系。whereveradv., conj. 1)to or in any or every place:we can go wherever you like.wherever i go i always seem to bump into him.all across europe, wherever you look, marriage is in decline and divorce rates are soaring.wherever you choose to live there are always going to be disadvantages.he lives, apparently, in little overington, wherever that is.2) in every case:wherever possible i use honey instead of sugar.adv. used instead of where to add emphasis to a phrase, usually expressing surprise:wherever did you find that hat!wherever did you get that idea!wherever does he get the money from to go on all these exotic journeys?高考链接in peace，too，the red cross is expected to send help _ there is human suffering. （2006江西）a. whoever b. however c. whatever d. wherever答案及解析：选d. 根据句意此处应为wherever引导的让步状语从句。4. the future has no limits! (p33) 将来没有极限！limitn. 1) c the greatest amount, number or level of sth. that is either possible or allowed:is there a limit on the amount of money you can claim?i think we ought to put a strict limit on the amount of time we can spend on the project.theres a limit to the number of times i can stop what im doing just so i can help him!we set a time limit of thirty minutes for the test.2) u informal the amount of sth. that is enough and not too much:three martini cocktails are my limit.i wont have any more - i know my limit!v. t to control sth. so that it is not greater than a particular amount, number or level:ive been asked to limit my speech to ten minutes maximum.having so little money to spend on an apartment does limit you in your choice.limitedalthough he has limited technical knowledge; the old worker has a lot of experience.reading the effects of the internet on our lives1. that is to say, i believe that the internet has positive effects on our lives. (p34) 也就是说，我相信因特网对我们的生活产生正面的影响。that is to saythat is; in other words next monday, that is to say, the 14th of april.effectn. c or u 1) the result of a particular influence:the radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the environment.i tried taking tablets for the headache but they didnt have any effect.i think im suffering from the effects of too little sleep.she has a lot of confidence which she uses to good effect (= to her advantage) in interviews.2) take effect to produce or achieve the results you want:they had to wait ten minutes for the anesthetic to take effect before they stitched up the cut.n. u use:the present system of payment will remain in effect (= be used) until the end of the rental agreement.when do the new driving laws come into effect?the new salary increases will take effect (= begin) from january onwards.2. the first is its value for people who are looking for information. (p34) 第一是因特网对于搜索信息的人具有的价值。valuen. 1) s or u the importance or worth of sth. for someone:for them, the houses main value lay in its quiet country location.they are known to place/put/set a high value on good presentation.2) u how useful or important sth. is:the photos are of immense historical value.his contribution was of little or no practical value.the necklace had great sentimental value.it has novelty value because ive never done anything like it before.3) the amount of money which can be received for sth.:she had already sold everything of value that she possessed.what is the value of the prize?the value of the pound fell against other european currencies yesterday.property values have fallen since the plans for the airport were published.i thought the offer was good value (for money)/us also a good value (= a lot was offered for the amount of money paid).v. t 1) to consider sth. important:ive always valued her advice.2) to give a judgment about how much money sth. might be sold for:he valued the painting at $2000.the insurance company said i should have my jewellery valued.高考链接to make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses. （2006湖北）a. strengths b. benefits c. techniques d. values答案及解析：选a. 根据句意，此处与weakness并立的只有strengths(力量, 力气)；而benefit（利益, 好处）；technique（技术, 技巧, 方法）；value（价值, 估价, 评价, 价格）。3. with the touch of a button or the click of a mouse, a student can acquire knowledge from the information held in the largest libraries and museums in the world, whether he or she lives in a small village or downtown in a big city. (p34) 轻按键盘或点击鼠标，无论是住在小村庄还是大都会的闹市区，学生们都可以从世界上最大的图书馆和博物馆中获取知识。clickv. i or t to (cause a computer instruction to) operate by pressing a button on the mouse (= small control device) of a computer:if you want to open a file, click twice on the icon for it.when you have selected the file you want, click the open box.whetherconj. 是否 if i dont know whether he is ill. the question is whether you can do the work well. conj. 两个中的任何一个 either it matters little whether it will rain or snow. conj. 不论 no matter if.or whether we help him or not, he will fail. 高考链接1. we havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (2006江苏) a. ifb. wherec. whetherd. that2. elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _it is rough or smooth. (2005天津)a. 不填 b. whether c. how d. what答案及解析：1. 选c. 根据句意，此处为whether引导的宾语从句，意为“我们还没有决定他是否去国外学习”。2. 选b. 意为“大象有自己的办法区分物体的形状和物体是粗糙的还是光滑的”。4. they say children spend too much time chatting and playing games instead of focusing on their school work. (p34) 他们说，孩子们花大量时间聊天或打游戏，而不是集中精力学习。focus onphrasal verb: to give a lot of attention to one particular person, subject or thing:tonights programme focuses on the way that homelessness affects the young.when the kitchen is finished im going to focus my attention on the garden and get that sorted out.5. one of the greatest benefits of internet friendships is that they are based on common interests, rather than appearance, age or popularity. (p34) 网络友谊最大的好处之一在于它是基于共同的兴趣爱好而形成的，而非取决于人们的外貌、年龄或人气。base onvt. 基于；以为根据；建于之上 rest; build; place; found (=place upon) this song is based on an old folk tune. scientific theories must be based on facts. the calculation is based on false data. rather than倒不如说；是而不是 which is better than; instead of 1) 接名词 he is a writer rather than a teacherjohn, rather than his roommates, is to blame. the job will take months rather than weeks. 2) 接代词 you, rather than she, are my guest. we are to blame rather than they. it ought to be you rather than me that sign the letter. 3) 接形容词 the color seems green rather than blue. it was made shorter rather than longer. 4) 接副词 the ship sank quickly rather than slowly. he usually gets up early rather than late. 5) 接动词 he loves her rather than likes her. she left rather than stayed at home. rather than cause trouble, he went away. rather than have the radio repaired, hed like to buy a new one. 6) 接介词短语 id prefer to read in the library rather than at home. id prefer to do it in this way rather than in that way. he went to the park in the evening rather than in the morning. 7) 接动词ing she likes dancing rather than singing. rather than regretting for the failure, why not try again? it is snowing rather than raining outside. she is laughing rather than crying. 8) 接过去分词 he had the house rebuilt rather than repaired. 9) 接句子 we should help him rather than he should help us. it was what he meant rather than what he said. 高考链接it is what you do rather than what you say _ matters. （2005天津）a. that b. what c. which d. this答案及解析：选a. 此句为强调句型。what you do rather than what you say为被强调部分。6. moreover, people who are disabled and must stay in their homes can communicate with the outside world and meet others with similar interests. (p34) 还有那些必须待在家里的残疾人也可以通过因特网与外部世界进行交流和沟通，结识有相同爱好的人们。moreoveradv. formal: (used to add information) also and more importantly:the whole report is badly written. moreover, its inaccurate.7. of course, access to up to date, accurate information is an important thing for anyone who is involved in research. (p35) 当然，对于做研究的人们来说，获取最新的精确的信息是重要的。accessn. u the method or possibility of approaching a place or person, or the right to use or look at sth.:the only access to the village is by boat.the main access to (= entrance to) the building is at the side.the tax inspector had/gained complete access to the company files.the system has been designed to give the user quick and easy access to the required information.the childrens father was refused access to them at any time (= refused official permission to see them).be involved in vt. 陷入；专注be very busy with sth.: jill does not want to come because shes too involved in her sewing. the real meaning of his remark is involved in ambiguity. 他这句话的真正意思难以捉摸。 poverty involved his family in misfortune. 贫困使他的家庭陷入不幸。 be deeply involved in debt 债台高筑 be involved in the scandal 卷入这一丑事中 be involved in working out a puzzle 专心于解出一道难题 8. in fact, some young people spend so much time playing computer games and using the internet that they have become addicted to computer games. (p35) 事实上，有的年轻人将大量的时间花在玩电脑游戏和上因特网上，结果越来越上瘾。become/be addicted toby the age of 14 he was addicted to heroin.im addicted to (= i very often eat/drink) chocolate/lattes.i know that if i start watching a soap opera i immediately become hopelessly addicted.word power1. before you get started surfing the web, there are some basic words and terms that are useful to know. (p38) 在你上网搜索之前，了解一些有用的基本词汇和术语。getv. (getting, got, got or us gotten) to become or start to be:is your cold getting any better?your coffees getting cold.after a while you get used to all the noise.+ to infinitive how did you get to be a belly dancer?v. t 1) to obtain, buy or earn sth.:hes gone down to the corner shop to get some milk.i think she gets about forty thousand pounds a year.how much did he get for his car (= how much money did he sell it for)?where did you get your radio from?2) to receive or be given sth.:i got quite a surprise when i saw her with short hair.i got a (telephone) call from phil last night.what mark did he get in his exam?what did you get for your birthday?if you get a moment (= have time available), could you help me fill in that form?3) to go somewhere and bring back someone or sth.:i must just get the washing in.+ two objects can i get you a drink?4) to take someone or sth. into your possession by force:have the police got the man who did it yet?5) to prepare a meal:ill put the kids to bed while youre getting the dinner6) to understand or hear sth.:i didnt get what he said because the music was so loud.i told that joke to sophia, but she didnt get it.v. t informal 1) to deal with or answer a ringing telephone, knock on the door, etc:hey, ty, someones at the door - would you get it, please?2) to pay for sth.:put your money away ill get these drinks.2. this means to look at information without a special goal. (p38) 这是指没有特殊目的的查看信息。meanvt. 意欲，计划 want or plan to do sth. i meant this photo for her. we had meant to be early. i mean you to spend this money for yourself. is this picture meant for me? what does he mean to do? vt. 使有可能，预示 make sth. likely this snow means no sport this afternoon. vt.（指字句等）意指，意谓 (of words, sentences, etc.) signify, import a dictionary tells you what words mean. this word means nothing. see what i mean? what do you mean by acting like this? what do you think this letter can mean? that meant, of course, he could not work without those parts. revolution means liberating the productive forces. adj. 吝啬的，自私的 wanting to keep everything for yourself she is mean and never invites people to meals. adj. 坏心眼儿的，不友好的 unkind, unfriendly it was mean of you to tease the little boy. adj. 卑鄙的 of low character, aims, etc. it is a mean motive. 高考链接if you think that treating a woman well means always _her permission for things, think again. (2006湖南)a. gets b. got c. to get d. getting答案及解析：选d. 此题考查动词mean的用法，mean doing 意为“意味着”。3. in advance (p39) 提前before a particular time, or before doing a particular thing:if youre going to come, please let me know in advance.if you want to get the book, you must pay for it in advance.grammar and usage1. appear (p40)vi. 显露；出现 be seen; come into view he suddenly appeared in front of us. the stars appear at night. the dancers appeared on the stage. his article appeared in yesterdays paper. the pupils appear in bad order. the moon appears quite small tonight. why does she appear so sad? vi. 看来；好象；似乎 look as if; seem she appears to be very well. she appears to have caught cold. it appears to me that something is wrong. it appears that he is ill. it appears that somebody wants you. it appeared that the little girl would probably never walk. 高考链接my brother is an actor. he _ in several films so far. （2005浙江）a. appears b. appeared c. has appeared d. is appearing 答案及解析: 选c. 此题考查时态。根据时间状语so far知此句为现在完成时。2. prove (p40) v. t 证明，证实 (proved, proved, esp. us proven) 1) to show a particular result after a period of time:the operation proved a complete success.the dispute over the song rights proved impossible to resolve.l (+ to be) the new treatment has proved to be a disaster.2 prove yourself to show that you are good at sth.:i wish hed stop trying to prove himself all the time.3. keep (p40) vt. 1) 保持；保存 continue to have or hold, esp. for future use or for a long time i kept myself warm by walking up and down. dont keep it too long. 2) 保留，保藏 retain, not lose or throw away keep your temper, not get angry, please. will you keep these documents for us? 3) 维持 cause (deliberately) to continue in a certain position or condition although it is a cheap one, this w