江苏省南通市启东中学高中英语 Unit 1 The world of our senses素材2 牛津译林版必修3.doc

江苏省南通市启东中学高中英语 unit 1 the world of our senses素材2 牛津译林版必修3i. 词语辨析：1. deep / deeply：两个词均可用作副词 deep：深的、深度的，用于修饰具体动作。 e.g. the brave man jumped into the lake and dived deep to save the drowning girl. we went deep in the cave but didnt find anything useful. deeply：深深的、非常的，用于修饰抽象动词。 e.g. i was deeply moved by the moving story. he is deeply interested in english study. 类似的词有：high, highly high：jump / fly highhighly：think / speak highly of2. ache / pain / hurt ：痛、疼 ache：可作名词或动词，多指局部的、轻微的、持续的身体疼痛，尤指隐痛、闷痛；还可与表示身体部位的名词连用，构成复合词。 e.g. “where is the ache?” asked the doctor. his legs began to ache with cold. she has an ache in the chest. i have a headache and want to sleep. pain：只能作名词。指身体上的疼痛时，可以是全身的，也可以是局部的；可以是剧烈的，也可以是轻微的；可以是长时间的，也可以是短暂的。还可以指精神上的痛苦。常用句型： 1) sb. have a pain in the + 部位 2) there is / are a pain / pains in the + 部位。 3) take great pains with sth. / to do sth. / in doing sth.：辛苦、努力、费尽苦心做某事。 e.g. i have a pain in the right eye. there are pains on my back and i need to see the doctor. his behaviour caused his parents a lot of pain. mary took great pains with her studies and got high marks in the exams. hurt：vi. / vt. 痛、弄痛/使受伤、伤害，可以指肉体上的，也可以指精神上的。 e.g. be careful, this place hurts a lot. the boy fell off the tree and hurt an arm. my friend, your words hurt me. you should apologize to me for it.3. accept / receive accept：指主观同意“接收、收下”。 e.g. he invited me to dinner and i gladly accepted it. she offered me some money but i didnt accept / i refused. receive：只指客观“收到”，不涉及主观“接受”与否，是被动地“收到”。 e.g. i like to receive presents on my birthday. we received a warm welcome at the school. i also received a gift from him but didnt accept it.4. method / way / means：方法、办法 method：指有一套理论和系统作指导的方法，强调其条理性、高效率，存在于头脑中，有好的，也有不好的，是比较正规的用语，与介词with连用。 e.g. he is a man of method. you can save a lot of time with this method. we are studying a new method of teaching english. way：指某人在处理某一问题或做某件事时用他自己与众不同的方式或习惯去做，为普通用语，与介词in连用。 e.g. he has his own way of life. what is the best way to clean / of cleaning the windows? she did it in the same way you did it. means：means：单复数同形，指做事时的方法、手段、工具，与介词by连用，常用短语：by means / by means of：用方法 e.g. taking a plane is the quickest means of getting there. we must win by fair means or foul. the thief entered the room by means of a ladder. 注：mean by：用表达的意思。 e.g. he meant agreement by saying, “are you sure?” what do you mean by “yes”?5. type / kind / sort：种、类 type：表示某类事物中比较特殊的一部分，多指那些明显地与同类事物中其他部分有别的一类。 e.g. i dislike man of this type. it is a new type of car of toyota series. kind：普通用语，指自然属性相同或相似的人或物，分类标准比较客观，主观性比较小。 e.g. we can offer you teas of various kinds. this kind of car sells well cars of this kind drive smoothly. sort：表示“大体上属于同类的”，分类标准主观色彩比较农，又是含有轻蔑之意。 e.g. ill never do such sort of things.how did you get this sort of idea in your mind?6. feed on / live on feed on：1）靠吃维持生命、以为食 e.g. pigs will feed on anything.2）用喂 = feed to / withe.g. what do you feed your dog on?3）给吃 e.g. their mother cant afford to feed them on meat and fish every day. she feeds her guests on the product of the garden. live on：1）靠为生、过活，on的宾语一般是维持生命的主要食物或经济来源，也能接人，表示“靠某人的钱过活”= depend on sb. e.g. most of us live on our pay. i dont know what he lives on. she still lives on her parents / her parents wages. 2）表示“继续存在、活下去” e.g. though lei feng died, he lives on in our heart. how did she manage to live on all these years?7. later / latter later：意为“更晚的、更后的”。指在一段时间之后，常用以前的时间为基点， e.g. two years later, he returned home with his wife and a child. the poet lived a happy life in his later life. latter：指时间时，意为一段时间或一个时期的“后一半的”、“接近终了的”，还可以指顺序上的“后者的、近来的”，且只用于the、this、these等限定词之后作定语。 e.g. this latter point is of great importance to us.this is tom and that is jack. the latter is from the usa. in the latter part of his book he mentioned his recovery from the shock.8. jewel / jewellery（jewelry)：珠宝 jewel：(c). 宝石、首饰 e.g. the jewels were kept in the safe. she stood at the reception wearing her finest jewels. jewellery：（u) 珠宝的总称, 表示数量时，用a piece of e.g. we buy jewellery from a jewellers shop. many pieces of jewellery on show were stolen during the night.9. wound / injure / hurt wound：是动词，也是名词。指“枪伤、刀伤、刺伤”等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。 e.g. the bullet wound took a month to heal. the robber wounded him with a knife. injure：比hurt正式。指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。 e.g. a bullet injured his left eye and he lost part of his sight. drinking can injure your health. hurt：普通用语，可指肉体上的伤害、伤痛，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。 e.g. the driver hurt himself badly in the accident. she left hurt at your words.10. look up / refer to / turn to look up：查、找，抬头看 e.g. have you looked up the word in the dictionary? they all looked up at the plane and shouted in excitement. refer to：意思较多，可解释为：指、涉及、论述、参照等 e.g. were you referring to me when you said “someone knows it.”? he didnt refer to the problem at all in his speech. if you have any questions, please refer to these books. turn to：向求助、把书翻倒页、着手干 e.g. to whom would you turn for help? he turned the book to page 100 and began to read the third chapter. after a short rest, we turned to repairing the car.11. most / mostly most：adj. 大部分的，用于修饰名词，作定语。 e.g. most boy students like maths, physics and chemistry. in most cases, people like to keep quiet when they see sb. doing wrong. adv.：可修饰动词，意为：最、第一，还可与very互用，修饰kind, helpful, grateful, beautiful等表示主观感觉的形容词，这时，前面不能用the, 且只用于肯定句中。 e.g. that problem troubles him most.he is a most clever boy, so we all like him. mostly：adv. 意为：大体上、主要地、多半、通常，常放于句中。 e.g. houses here are mostly made of stones. he uses his car mostly for business. the students in our class are mostly boys.ii. 重点词语和句型。1. misuse：n. / vt. 误用、滥用、不当使用 e.g. the misuse of guns will result in many accidents and even deaths. the misuse of company money led to his life in prison. in this sentence you misused the word “due”.2. touch：vt. 触、碰、摸、轻击、感动 e.g. i touched the blackboard and it felt cold and smooth. i felt someone touch my shoulder / touch me on the shoulder. the sign reads, “do not touch the exhibits” everyone present was touched by his heroic deeds. n. 触碰、触感，主要记住几个常用的短语： e.g. get in touch with sb.：与取得联系； keep in touch with sb.：与保持联系； be in touch with sb.：与有联系； lose touch：失去联系； be out of touch：无联系be touched by：被感动了； a touching story：一个动人故事。3. ignore：忽视、不理会、对装作不知 = pay no attention to e.g. if you ignore my advice, you will regret it some day the driver ignored the traffic light and an accident happened. it is not a question that can be ignored. ignorance：（un.) 无知、不知道， （与of连用） e.g. his failure resulted from his ignorance of the subject. there is no excuse for their ignorance of english.4. cant help 1) 禁不住+ doing sth. e.g. hearing the funny joke, everyone couldnt help laughing. seeing such magnificent buildings, i couldnt help wondering how ancient people built them without modern machines long ago. 2) 不能帮助 + (to) do sth. e.g. sorry i couldnt help clean the room with you, for i was busy. * cannot (help) but do：不能不、不得不 e.g. i cannot but tell the truth of the whole event. she cannot help but lie down and rest in bed.5. fly：vi. / vt. 飞、使飞行/飞扬、空运、驾驶。 flight：飞行、航班 e.g. some birds can fly high up in the sky. do you know how to fly a plane? many children are flying kites on the square. relief goods were flown to the stricken areas. n. 苍蝇、飞虫 e.g. a fly is an insect with two wings6. whisper：vi. / vt. 1)（对某人）耳语、低声说 whisper sth. to sb. / in ones ear； e.g. she whispered the secret to her son so that nobody would hear it. the manager whispered sth. in her ear and she went out immediately. 2) 秘密等悄悄传开、背后议论 e.g. it is whispered that he has lung cancer. n. 耳语、低声语 e.g. talk in whispers, sing in a whisper 传闻、谣传 e.g. have you heard the whisper about his failure?7. chance：n. 偶然、希望、机会。常用句型：1) have chances / a chance to do / of doing sth. 2) there is still / no chance to do / of doing sth. 3) there is still / no chance that . e.g. do you think she still has chance of recovery? he has a good chance of winning the game. there was no chance of her returning once she left. n. 可能性、机会。 常用句型：the chance is that / (the) chances are that ：很可能e.g. the chance is that he has left home and is on the road. (the) chances are that he will come back during the festival. by chance：碰巧、偶然地 e.g. i picked up this rare book by chance. im lucky. vi.：偶然发生、碰巧= happen e.g. i chanced to look out of the window and saw the accident. it chanced that we were on the spot when all these happened.8. drown：vi./vt. 沉默、淹没、淹死 e.g. the man drowned in the lake. he tried to drown her in the bathtub. the great flood drowned many houses. the noise of the waterfall drowned her voice. drowning：将淹死的 e.g. a drowning man will catch at a straw9. likely：adj. 有可能的、适当的 e.g. a likely place for the meeting / to have the meeting a most likely result of the accident 常用句型：1) it is likely that 2) sb is likely to do sth. 3) most / very / quite likely sb. . e.g. it is likely that he will let out the secret to his wife. she is likely to fail the english exam this time. very likely he will lose his way.10. avoid：逃避、避免、回避 avoid (doing) sth. e.g. he stopped the car in time and avoided an accident. he stepped aside so avoided being hit by the truck. i entered the shop to avoid meeting her because she always borrows money from me.11. stick：vi./vt. (stuck, stuck) 1）刺、扎上、插入 e.g. he stuck his knife into the meat. = he stuck the meat with his knife. she stuck a piece of bamboo into the ground. a nail stuck in the tyre and the car couldnt go any more. 2）粘、陷入 e.g. please stick the stamp here. i managed to stick the broken pieces of the pot together with glue. our car stuck / was stuck in the mud. are you stuck on the question? stick to：紧靠、不离，固执（想法）、坚持（规则、诺言、论点） e.g. stick to me or youll get lost in the crowd.you can trust him for he always sticks to his words.12. hear sth. once or twice before they can remember it. 在句中，before解释为“才” e.g. he had some milk before he drank wine. she would think it over before answering the question. 常用句型：1)time pass / go by before .：过去了时间才。 e.g. three months went by before i got to know the result. 2) it be +一段时间 +before .：过去了时间才。 e.g. it was a long time before i got her answer. it wont be long before everyone knows the result.注：这一句型要与：it is / was + 一段时间 + since ：“自从以来多久了”句型相区分。 e.g. it is three months since he came here. 他来这里三个月了。 it is three months since he was here. 他离开这里三个月了。 13. run that fast：跑那么快，句中：that = so e.g. can you jump that high? how come a coat cost that much?14. i think it would be hardest to be blind. 英语中，当不与其他人作比较时，形容词的最高级前面不用the。 e.g. he is most active in summer. im busiest these days and have no time for a rest.15. they could not take the pain any more. take：忍受、承担、接受 e.g. the general decided to take the offensive. she wont take any more of your insult. youve done sth wrong, so you have to take the punishment.iii. 语法点拨：名词性从句（二）3、表语从句：处于表语位置上的句子叫表语从句。表语从句有以下注意点：1）引导词that一般不能省略；2）表示“是否”时用 whether, 不用if。 e.g. the fact is that none of us knows how to do it. the question is whether he is willing to help us with the work. the main problem is where she can buy another such necklace.4、同位语从句：对一个名词进行解释、说明的句子叫同位语从句。后面能接同位语从句的名词有：idea, question, advice, plan, suggestion 。同位语从句的注意点是：1）引导词that，虽然仅仅是个引导词，不作句子任何成份，但不能省略。同位语从句与前面的名词之间