江苏省赣榆县智贤中学高中英语 Unit4 grammar and usage教案 牛津译林版选修7.doc

unit4 grammar and usage教学目标1. what is a phrasal verb ;2. how to use phrasal verbs correctly.教学重点how to use phrasal verbs correctly.教学难点how to use phrasal verbs correctly.学情分析 the grammar target of this unit is phrasal verbs. students will learn what a phrasal verb is and read some rules about how to use phrasal verbs correctly. they are expected to apply what they have learnt to practical use by finishing a dialogue and a word game.教学媒体教 学 过 程复 备 栏step 1: general introductionlets have a try, everyone! can you give me correct answers to the following sentences?高考链接1. my cousin came to see me from the country, me a full basket of fresh fruits(2006安徽)a. brought b. bringingc. to bring d. had brought2. mr. green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one . (2006安徽)a. blamed b. blaming c. to blame d. to be blamed3. if you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again.（2006湖南）a. getsb. got c. to get d. getting4. as the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _.（2006湖南）a. to useb. to be used c. to have used d. to be using5. to a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table. （2006湖南） a. was to be held b. has been held c. will be held d. is being held6. dont respond to any e-mails personal information, no matter how official they look.（2006天津）a. searching b. asking c. requesting d. questioning7. _for the breakdown of the school computer network, alice was in low spirits.（2006福建）a. blaming b. blamed c. to blame d. to be blamed8. it is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration.（2006陕西）a. to acceptb. acceptc. acceptingd. accepted答案：1-5 bcdba 6-8 cbcwell done! today well learn a new grammar itemparticiplesthe grammar item in this unit focuses on verb-ed and verb-ing, both of which are also called participles. you will review the functions of verb-ed and verb-ing in different situations. you are expected to apply what you learn to practice by fulfilling some written tasks.step 2: explanation:1. 分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词构成为v+ing, 过去分词构成为v+ed。分词也有一般式、过去式、完成式及主动和被动等各种形式。2. 现在分词和过去分词的区别1) 在时态上，现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词表示已经完成。 developing countries 发展中国家the developed countries 发达国家 boiling water 沸腾的水 boiled water 开水2) 在语态上，现在分词表示主动，而过去分词表示被动。the oppressing class 压迫阶级 the oppressed class 被压迫阶级 burning fire 燃烧的火焰 burned skin 烧伤的皮肤 3. 分词的时态与语态1) 一般式（主动、被动）分词的一般式的主动式所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。其被动式表示这个动作正在发生或与谓语动作同时发生，主要作定语、状语或宾补。e.g. when i entered the room, i found him reading. 当我进入房间时，我发现他在读书。 i found the flowers watered. 我发现花已浇过了。 the building being repaired is a hospital. 正在修建的建筑物是一家医院。 he found the matter being talked everywhere. 他发现到处都在谈论这件事。 being surrounded, the enemy were forced to put down their guns. 敌人被包围，不得不缴械投降。2) 完成式（主动、被动）分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。完成时态的分词在句中常作状语，一般不作定语。e.g. not having made adequate preparation, we postponed the sports meet. 由于没做好充分的准备，我们推迟了运动会。 having been given such a good chance, how could he give it up? 给了这样好的机会，他怎能放弃呢？3) 现在分词的被动式与过去分词的区别过去分词表示动作已完成，不强调时间概念，而现在分词的被动式强调某一动作正在进行中。e.g. the building repaired is library. 修建过的那个建筑物是我们的图书馆。 the building being repaired is our library. 正在修建的那个建筑物是我们的图书馆。4) 延续性动词和终止性动词的现在分词在时间含义上的区别延续性动词的现在分词结构相当于一个过去进行时时态的句子，而终止性动词的现在分词结构相当于一个一般过去时的从句。e.g. walking in the street the other day (=while i was walking in the street the other day), i came across an old friend of mine. 那天我在马路上走时，突然碰到了我的一个老朋友。 arriving at the airport (=when i arrived at the airport), i found my light had taken off. 到达机场时，我发现我的班机已经起飞了。4. 分词的独立结构分词（短语）作状语时，尽管在形式上它没有主语，但其逻辑上的主语必须和谓语动词的主语保持一致。e.g. studying in the college (=when i studied in the college), i learned a lot from my teachers.在大学学习时，我从老师那里学到了很多东西。但是，分词有时也有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为分词的独立结构。它可以表示时间，原因，条件，伴随的动作，有时还可用介词with, without 来引导。e.g. his mother being ill, he is absent today. 他的母亲病了，他今天没来。（原因）time permitting, they will start to do a new job. 如果时间允许，他们会开始做一项新工作。（条件）he rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗地冲进了房间。（伴随） they traveled a whole day, without any food eaten. 他们饿着肚子旅行了一整天。（伴随）注意：分词用于独立结构时，如果分词是being, having been done形式时，没有实际意义的being或having been可以省略。e.g. the old man was in a bad condition, his temperature (being) over 40 and his pulse (being) weak and rapid. 那位老人处于不好的状况，他的体温超过40，脉搏既弱又快。 the report (having been) read, a discussion began. 读完报告，开始讨论。 the experiment (having been) finished, we left the lab and went home. 实验结束后，我们离开了实验室回家了。step 3: practice:1. lets look at part a on page 57. in this part, youll read a newspaper article about car pollution. you need to find out the participles used in the article and identify their functions. write attr for an attribute and adv for an adverbial above each participle phrase.answersleading attr released attr increasing attr breathing attrnoticing adv breathing related attr caused attr realizing adv2. now, please turn to part b on page 57. by doing this part, youll have another chance to practise using the participles. answers(1) pleased (2) interesting (3) confusing (4) annoying (5) amused(6) tired (7) surprising (8) relaxing (9) excited (10) disappointedstep 4 consolidation: 高考链接1. im going to the supermarket this afternoon. do you have anything _?（2004上海春）a. to be buying b. to buyc. for buying d. bought2. victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004上海春)a. his being not ablec. him not to be ablec. his not being abled. him to be not able3. the wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert. (2006湖南)a. covering b. covered c. cover d. to cover4. whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. (2006江苏) a. saying b. said c. to say d. having said5. generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect（2003上海）a. when taking b. when takenc. when to taked. when to be taken6. _ the meeting himself gave himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.（2003上海春）a. the