江苏省邳州市第四中学高三英语 动词不定式导复习学案(1).doc

江苏省邳州市第四中学高三英语复习 动词不定式导学案课 型: new grammar学习目标: to learn infinitive 重点难点: grasp the usage of infinitive 学习课时: 4课前预习导读自学：观察划线部分的特点并说出其在句子中所做的成分.1.i asked the boy to answer my question.2.toms attending the meeting made everyone there very happy.3.to learn maths is not easy./ it is not easy to learn maths.4.seen from the hill, the city looks very beautiful.5.the girl sitting under the tree is my sister.6.english is a widely used language.7.this is one of the schools built in 1980s.非谓语动词：动名词 分词： 现在分词 过去分词 动词不定式课堂探讨导学归纳 一、检查预习,讨论交流预习内容 check the answers to the sentences above 二、【点拨指导】或【师生互动】动词不定式：动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。常见的形式如表所示（以及物动词do为例），不及物动词没有被动语态。时态语态主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing/.translate:1. 我有很重要的事情要告诉你。 i have something important to tell you.2. 那个男孩喜欢玩电脑游戏。 不定式：表将来 the boy likes to play computer games. 表目的3. 为了通过考试，我更加努力学习。 表某一次具体的动作 to pass the exam, i work even harder.不定式的用法:宾语主语宾语补足语状语定语表语不定式 2 175, 6,431.学英语对于我们来说不是很难。 it is not difficult for us to learn english./ to learn english is not difficult for us.2. 小男孩很想学英语。 the boy wanted to learn english.3. 他的爱好是打篮球。 his hobby is to play basketball.4. 我没有东西吃。 i have nothing to eat.5. 为了赢得比赛，他刻苦练习。 to win the game, he works hard.6. 我很高兴见到你。 i am very glad to see you.7. 爸爸叫他进来。 father asked him to come in. 不定式作主语 吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。(具体) to smoke so much is not good for you./its not good for you to smoke so much.不定式作主语表示的动作往往是具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。常用it 作形式主语 ( 注意句型： it is + adj.+ for /of sb to do sth.) eg. 你真好，帮助我学习英语。 it is very good of you to help with my english.注意、用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用it is to的句型。另外，这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语。例如：判断正误：（ ）to teach is to learn. （ ）it is to learn to teach. （ ）to teach is learning. （ ）teaching is to learn.如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常 位于形容词+动词不定式结构的末尾。典型例题the chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.a. sit b. sit on c. be seat d. be sat on.its for sb.和 its of sb .这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。 1.for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如： its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难 的。 2.of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态 度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法：用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。例如： you are nice.（通顺，所以应用of）。 he is hard. （非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。）.不定式作宾语1.爸爸答应给我买一辆单车。 my father promised to buy a bike for me.2.天啊！ 我忘了关灯了。 oh, my god! i forgot to turn off the light.下列动词后接不定式做宾语：affordaimagreearrangeaskdecidebothercarechoosedemand desiredetermineelectendeavorhopefailhelplearnlong 渴望meanmanageofferplanpretendrefusetendundertakeexpecthateintend3.请演示给我们如何去做。please show us how to do that.4.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。there are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that i cant make up my mind which to buy. 下列动词后接疑问词+不定式做宾语：decideknowconsiderforgetlearnremembershow,wonderfind outtellinquireexplain.不定式作宾语补足语1.医生建议他每天锻炼身体。 the doctor advised him to take exercise.2. 他的父母期望他上大学。 his parents expected him to go to university.下列动词后接不定式做宾语补足语adviseallowcausechallengecommandcompeldrive 驱使enableencourageforbidforceimpelinduceinstructinvitelike/loveorderpermitmakelethavewantgetwarnpersuaderequestsendtelltrainurge注意：.有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。3. we believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。4.we know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。（to be 不能省去）有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去：considerfindbelievethinkdeclare（声称）appointguessfancy（设想）guessjudgeimagineknow典型例题 charles babbage is generally considered_ the first computer.a. to inventb. inventing c. to have invented d. having invented 5.we didnt expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。6.you wouldnt want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构 believeexpectintendlikelovemeanpreferwantwishunderstand.不定式作定语1.最后一个来到达的人要付账。 the last one to come pays bill.2.下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。 the next train to arrive was from new york.注意：（1）不定式作定语的位置：放在名词的后面 （2）所表示的时间：将来. 作表语1. 我今天必须做的事情是打扫房间。 what i must do today is to clean the room.2. 他的任务是送信。his task is to send letters.注意：不定式表示一次性的；具体的动作. 不定式作状语 1.作目的状语 常用结构为to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do,so as to do,so （such） as to（如此以便）。例如：he ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。i come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。2.作结果状语可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要放在句子后面。 i awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。he searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。3.表原因 im glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。 she wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。4.表示理由和条件 he must be a fool to say so. you will do well to speak more carefully.不定式注意点：1to 可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to 都用作介词：admit toobject tobe accustomed tobe used tostick toturn to开始look forward tobe devoted topay attention tocontribute to apologize todevote oneself to2.省去to 的动词不定式 1）情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后。 2）使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如： i saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =he was seen to dance. the boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =they were made to work the whole night. 3）would rather，had better句型后 4）why not 句型后 5）help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth： 6）介词except/ but 之后接不定式时，如果介词前有实意动词do 则except/ but 后接不带to 的不定式；反之，如果except/ but前没有实意动词do， 则不定式带to 。 she has no choice but to wait for the news. the man can do everything but speak french. 7）由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去： 8）通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。 例如：he is supposed （to be） nice.他应该是个好人。 9）作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词， 只保留to 。a:would you like to come to my party?b: yes , id love to ( come to your party).mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。 mary wanted to use my bike, but i asked her not to ( use my bike).典型例题 - i usually go there by train. - why not _ by boat for a change? a. to try going b.trying to go c.to try and go d.try going paul doesnt have to be made _. he always works hard. a. learn b. to learn c. learned d. learning 3.动词不定式的否定式 在不定式标志to前加上not。例如： tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。 she pretended not to see me when i passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。典型例题 1）mrs. smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. a. never to drive b. to never driver c. never driving d. never drive 2）the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _. a. not tob. not to doc. not do it d. do not to 不定式的特殊句型tooto 1）tooto 太以至于。例如：he is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。 - can i help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?- well, im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。 2）如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一 种委婉含义，意 为不太。例如： its never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。（谚语） 3）当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常 等于very。例如： im only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。 he was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。不定式的特殊句型so as to 1）表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。例如：tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.汤姆对事故保持沉 默是为了不丢掉他的工作。go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。 2）表示结果。例如： would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。不定式的时态和语态 1)一般式表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓 语动词的动作之后，例如 he seems to know this. 他似乎知道这事。 i hope to see you again. = i hope that ill see you again.我希望再见到你。 2) 完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如： im sorry to have given you so much trouble. 很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。 he seems to have caught a cold. 他好像已经得了感冒。 3) 进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。例如： he seems to be eating something. 他好像正在吃什么东西。 4) 完成进行式表示动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。例如： she is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 我们知道她研究这问题有好几年了。动名词与不定式 1)动名词与不定式的区别： 动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的 不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的 不定式练习一用动词适当形式填空： 1.he is said _(allow) to return to his country because a new president comes into power. 2. he spoke in such a high voice _(hear)at the further end of the room. 3.in australia, he made a lot of friends _(play )well language using practical knowledge of the english . 5. we agreed _(meet) here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. 6. rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ (ride) a bicycle. 7. the boy want to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _ (do). 8. ill do whatever i can _(improve) my english. 9. my grandmother seems to have a lot _(worry) about. 10. you shouldnt allow students _(play) games near the classroom, for its too noisy. 11.i had meant _(call) on you, but i was so busy. 12. to know what is good and _(do) what is right are two different things. 13. you must have taken a lot of trouble _ _(find) this materials for us. 14. he was afraid _(go) forwards because he was afraid of falling down. 15. i hate _ (hear) their complaints all day. one of these days, i will tell them what i really think. 16.the way they talked _(settle) the problem seemed impossible. 17.he let me repeat his instructions _(make) sure that i understood what was _(do) after he went away. 18. paul doesnt have to be made _(learn) . he always works hard. 19.my cousin has passed the entrance examination. my family sent him an e-mail _(congratulate) him on his success.二选择题： 1.he asked me to help him repair his radio, but i dont know _.a. to do it b. how to c. what to do it d. how to do 2. his voice made me _ terrible.a. to feel b. feel c. feels d. felt 3. my parents told me _ people when they are in trouble.a. never laugh at b. not to laugh at c. dont laugh at d. not laugh at 4. its bad manners _ rude to people.a. to be b. are c. be d. to being 5. its interesting _ us to take part in the games. a. of b. to c. for d. at 6.the purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. a not make b not to make c not making d do not make 7.ive worked with children before, so i know what _ in my new job. a. expected b. to expect c . to be expecting d expects8.paul doesnt have to be made _. he always works hard. a. learn b. to learn c. learned d. learning9. i would love _ to the party last night but i had to work extra hours to finish a report. a. to go b. to have gone c. going d. having gone10. do let your mother know all the truth. she appears _everything. to tell b.to be told c. to be telling d.to have been told11. having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _whether they will enjoy it. a. to see b.to be seen c. seeing d. seen 12. charles babbage is generally considered _the first computer. a. to invent b. inventing c. to have invented d. having i