江苏省常州市高考英语阅读理解联合训练（2）(1).doc

江苏省常州市2014高考英语阅读理解联合训练（2）及答案阅读理解the diversity of the original american indian settlers was not quite as great as that of the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries when waves of european, asian and unwilling african immigrants arrived on american shores. however, the first americans did have more far-going origins that were ever suspected. for example, braces studies have revealed that the blackfoot, iroquois, and other tribes from minnesota, michigan, ontario, and massachusetts came down from the jomon, a prehistoric people of japan. the inuit in the far north and tribal groups who once lived down the eastern seaboard into florida appear to be a later branch from the trunk of the jomon family tree. the athabaskan-speaking people from the yukon and northern-western canada, who spread as far south as arizona and northern mexico, appear to trace their origins to china. “their facial shapes link them more closely to the living chinese than to any other population in either part of the world,” says brace.johanna nichols, a professor of slavic languages and literature at the university of california at berkeley, says that new evidence from native languages throughout the new world strongly suggests that humans have been in the americas since as early as 40,000 bc. she says that it is only along the west coast that languages appear to have come from immigrants who arrived after the ice age, 14,000 years ago.nichols also has some different ideas about the direction in which the country was settled. breaking with the traditional view of migrations, she says that the inside of north america was colonized not only from siberia but also from the south.to bolster her argument for an early settlement date, nichols points to findings from the monte verde site in southern chile. it has been dated at 12,500 years old, which means the area was occupied during the last ice age. and, the monte verde people would have needed at least 6,500 years to travel from alaska to chile. yet, that only takes us back to about 19,000 years ago. her research suggests a very high degree of language diversity is something that happens only with time. she insists that the approximately 150 distinct native american language families we know of today must have required at least 35,000 years to develop.1. in the first paragraph the writer uses the word “unwilling” to show that _.a. the africans came against the will of most americansb. the africans came without the approval of their parentsc. the africans were taken here against their own willd. the europeans who came at the time didnt want the africans to come together2. which of the following statements is true about the athabaskan-speaking people? a. they were related to people living in japan in prehistoric times.b. they were a branch from the trunk of the jomon family tree.c. they have no links to any other people.d. they were thought to have certain links to the ancestors of the chinese people.3. the underlined word bolster in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _.a. useb. havec. supportd. build4. from the passage we can know _.a. people in the americas today are believed to have probably come down only from the northb. nichols strongly suggests that humans have lived in the americas for about 6,500 yearsc. nichols supports the traditional ideas about the direction in which the country was settledd. it surely takes a very long time for language diversity to come about【参考答案】14、cdcd 第一节阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分,满分40分） 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。aa fellow speaker from california named geri flew to japan, in her favorite jeans and a casual jacket, to give her first speech. fourteen hours later, four perfectly dressed japanese gentlemen greeted her at narita airport. smiling and bowing low, they handed her their business cards. with her bag in one hand, geri took their cards with the other. she thanked them, glanced briefly at the cards, and put them into her jeans pocket quickly. when the five of them arrived at the hotel, they invited geri to tea in the lobby (大厅). while sipping tea, the gentlemen presented her with a small gift which she eagerly opened. she was thrilled with the gift and shouted excitedly, “oh, its beautiful!” at this point, the four japanese gentlemen stood up and, bowing only very slightly, said “sayonara” and left immediately. poor geri was left astonished. what did she do wrong?everything! her jeans were the first gaffe. even if youre coming off a bicycle in japan, you do not meet clients (客人) casually dressed. the second mistake was geris handling of their business cards rudely. in japan, the business card is one of the most important communicative tools. it is always presented and accepted respectfully with both hands. however, geri put their cards away much too quickly. in japan, people use business cards as a conversation starter. you chat about each others cards and work and do not put theirs away until they gently and respectfully place yours in safekeeping. putting it carelessly into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect.then, the fourth horror of horrors was that geri should not have opened the gift in front of her clients. in a land where saving face is critical, it would be embarrassing to discover the gift they gave was not as nice as the one they received. what is worse, geri hadnt even given them a gift!【文章大意】本文叙述了来自加利福尼亚的geri 坐飞机来到了日本，由于不熟悉日本的礼仪，引起了日本人的误会。日本的男士认为geri的做法极为不礼貌，已经无法忍受，所以离开了。26. in the four japanese gentlemens eyes, geri took their cards _.a. excitedlyb. embarrassinglyc. politelyd. disrespectfully【答案】d【 解析】细节理解题。根据the second mistake was geris handling of their business cards rudely.这是对他们的不尊敬，故选d。27. why did the four japanese gentlemen leave geri suddenly?a. because they couldnt bear geris behavior any longer.b. because they had finished the task.c. because geri had something more important to do.d. because geri felt embarrassed.【答案】a【 解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知这些男士认为geri的做法极为不礼貌，已经无法忍受，所以离开了，故选a。28. what does the underlined word “gaffe” in paragraph 3 probably mean?a. ignoranceb. sadnessc. mistaked. carelessness 【答案】c【 解析】词义猜测题。根据what did she do wrong?再根据第三段都是列举她的错误所在，故选c。29. the third mistake geri made was that she _.a. used her own card as a conversation starterb. kept her clients cards in a wrong placec. took her clients cards with one hand d. met her clients in jeans【答案】b【 解析】细节理解题。根据putting it carelessly into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect.故选b。30. what lesson can we draw from this story?a. honesty is the best policy. b. think twice before you take any action.c. when in rome, do as the romans do. d. dont claim to know what you dont know.【答案】c【 解析】推理判断题。根据geri的做法可知她不了解当地的礼仪，故犯下这样的错误，故选c。阅读理解- you cant always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. but designer mikhail belyacv doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. thats why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella. the designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in russia. “once, i was driving on a central saint petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. i thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞蓬)built into a street lamp.” he said. the lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. it has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining. in addition to the rain sensor, theres also a 360motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyones using the lampbrella. after three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed. according to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. being installed(安装) at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians. while there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, belyacv says he recently introduced his creation to one moscow department, and insists this creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter. 【文章大意】本文叙述了设计师是为了人们不被雨淋而设计的这种路灯。他的灵感来自于一次经历。机器的运作，先由传感器(sensor)接收外界信号，再转换为控制信号控制电机(motor)，电机最终使得伞蓬打开(canopy)。 31. for what purpose did belyacv create the lampbrella? a. to predict a heavy rain b. to check the weather forecast c. to protect people from the rain d. to remind people to take an umbrella 【答案】c【 解析】细节理解题。根据第一段话“thats why he created lampbrella”及之前的叙述可知，设计lampbrella的目的是让忘记带伞的人不遭雨淋。故答案选c。32. what do we know from belyacvs words in paragraph2?a. his creation was inspired by an experience b. it rains a lot in the city of saint petersburgc. street lamps are protected by canopies d. he enjoyed taking walks in the rain【答案】a【 解析】推理判断题。第二段话的主题句为首句“the designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in russia”后文belvacv所言是更为具体的描述，即本段中belvacv的话语是点出了他设计lampbrella的灵感来源。故答案选a。33. which of the following show how the lampbrella works?a. motorcanopysensors b. sensorsmotorcanopy c. motorsensorscanopyd. canopymotorsensors【答案】b【 解析】细节归纳题。根据文章第三段话的叙述“it has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.”可知，先是发动机的运转，然后发动机打开伞，最后是传感器的运转。故选b。34. what does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the lampbrella?a. its moving speed b. its appearance c. its installation d. its safety【答案】d【 解析】段落大意题。根据本段“so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians”“ to protect from possible lighting strike”“ being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians”可以得知，这是lampbrella的人性化设计，为避雨的行人在安全方面的作了充分考虑。故选d。35. what can be inferred from the last paragraph?a. the designer will open a company to promote his productb. the lampbrella could be put into immediate production c. the designer is confident that his creation is practicald. the lampbrella would be put on show in moscow 【答案】c【 解析】推理判断题。根据“there are no plans to take lampbrella into production”，可知lampbrella还不会投入生产，可排除ab选项；根据“he recently introduced his creation one moscow department”可排除d项；根据“insists this creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter”可知belyacv对他设计的lampbrella的实用性充满自信。故答案选c。阅读理解-bthe cave crawler mining robotwhy do human beings still risk their lives under ground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? its an increasingly urgent question,given the recent high-profile(引人注目的)mining accidents in sago, w. va., and huntington, utah. a small group of engineers and robotics experts envision(展望)a day in the not-too-distant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work.one of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at carnegie-mellon universitys robotics institute. it was called groundhog and it looked like a golf cart. it used lasers to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned minessome of the most dangerous work in the business. the latest prototype is called cave crawler. its a bit smaller than groundhog, and even more advanced. it can take photos and video and has sensors mounted that can detect the presence of dangerous gases. incredibly, the robot has a real sense of logic. if it comes across an obstacle it gets momentarily confused, it has to think through the process and where to go next, and sometimes it throws a fit just like a real person. the biggest obstacle, though, is cost. the original research project was federally funded, but that money has dried up, and its not clear where future funding will come from. partly for that reason, and partly because of advances in safety, mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past. since 1990, fatalities have declined by 67 percent, and injuries by 51 percent, according to the national mining association.some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry. the robots do the most repetitive and dangerous jobs, but dont eliminate the need for human workers. 5.the latest robot is more advanced than groundhog mainly because . a. it can map abandoned mines b. the robot has a real sense of logic c. it can see in the dark tunnel d. its a bit smaller than groundhog6.we can infer from the last paragraph that . a. the mine robots will have a very bright future b. robots in mines will serve much in the automotive industry c. there will be no need for human workers in mines d. robots in mines have a long way to go7. which of the following can be the best title of this passage?a. high-profile mining accidents in america.b. the development of robot.c. could robots replace humans in mines?d. cave crawler, the latest robot.【参考答案】 5-7. bac阅读理解 nowadays, people in china are increasingly interested in celebrating foreign festivals, especially those western festivals. a survey conducted recently by sina. com. showed that among the 18,222 people surveyed 63.90% said celebrating christmas is just another way of recreation, nothing serious while 17.85% surveyed considered the festival as a fashion act, showing they were not “out”. these two parts clearly indicate the general opinion of the young. 10.45% people involved said the celebration of a religious western festival with so much enthusiasm is absolutely ridiculous pursuit of foreign goodness. only 7.80% of people define christmas as a kind of festival colonization(殖民).the arising of celebrating foreign festivals clearly has something to do with the advancement of chinas economy. in my point view, christmas and other festivals celebrated in china have difference from the origin. they have lost their religious background and turned into a big occasion to have fun and enjoy life. shop owners pockets are filled, the publics hunger for happiness is filled, and that is enough. foreign festivals in china are more like carnivals giving people pleasure and enjoyment. the crisis of traditional chinese festivals that are losing their attraction may be linked to the culture tradition and background of the festivals. most chinese festival culture is related more or less to real life. “the country is based on its people while the people are relied on their food”. but the western culture shows much of romance. some festivals have their religious background while others have much to do with cu