江苏省铜山县高考英语提升训练（13）(1).doc

江苏省铜山县2014高考英语提升训练（13）及答案阅读理解it is pretty much a one-way street. while it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. for some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.helen lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in abbott laboratories to a medical department at the university of cambridge. her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and lees is one of them.the impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. guy grant, now a research associate at the unilever centre for molecular informatics at the university of cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. he took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to lee. industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. they are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. so someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”1. by “a one-way street” (line 1, para. 1), the author means _.a .university researchers know little about the commercial worldb. there is little exchange between industry and academiac. few industrial scientists would quit to work in a universityd. few university professors are willing to do industrial research2. what was helen lees major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?a. flexible work hours. b. her research interests.c .her preference for the lifestyle on campus. d. prospects of academic accomplishments.3. guy grant chose to work as a researcher at cambridge in order to _. a. do financially more rewarding work b. raise his status in the academic worldc. enrich his experience in medical research d. exploit better intellectual opportunities4. what contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university? a. increase its graduates competitiveness in the job market. b. develop its students potential in research.c. help it to obtain financial support from industry. d. gear its research towards practical applications.【参考答案】14、cbda阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。adear rudyard kipling,father has consistently tried to instill(灌输) a sense of being a man in me ever since i was very young. when i reached the age of twelve he began taking me to his auto body shop. he told me this tough job would build me into a man of character. but this all changed a year ago when my mother passed away and stumbled upon your poem, if.my mother was the person who could understand me. if i ever got tired during my work hours at the shop i could call her to come and pick me up. it was my mother who instilled the love of literature and languages in me. my mother spoke six languages fluently and had thousands of books, which still sit in the attic of our house. it was in this “library” of hers that i picked up a book of poetry from a cold metal shelf and found your poem, if. because of the death of my mother i felt alone, as if i belonged to no family. the image of a man was completely shattered when i saw him break down and cry, which looked so pathetic（凄惨的）and “unmanly” compared to his usual stoic（禁欲主义者）and emotionless countenance. yet i remained silent remembering the golden words: “if you can keep your head when all about you/ are losing theirs and blaming it on you youll be a man, my son!”if reminded me to remain calm and “keep my head” because i wanted to be a man and wanted to be the one supporting my family. i sacrificed my ability to compete in a winter sport so that i could stay home and cook for my family and clean the house. my father saw this and our relationship has grown much stronger. he finally respected me for who i was and told me he was proud to have a man for his son. through this poem, i realize that to be a man is not about putting weights on a barbell（杠铃）but rather putting the weight of others on your back. your poem was so much more than just a simple list of guidelines or morals that some see it as; it really changed my life and my relationship with my dad. 41. according to the passage, what kind of person does the authors father expect him to be?a. a person who will shoulder responsibilities.b. a person who knows how to earn a lot of money.c. a person who knows how to do housework.d. a person who respects his parents.【答案】a 【解析】细节理解题。根据father has consistently tried to instill(灌输) a sense of being a man in me ever since i was very young.作者的父亲想要他成为一个真正的能肩负起责任的男人，故选a。42. who does the underlined word “him” in paragraph 3 refer to?a. the character in the poem b. the authors fatherc. the author d. an unknown person【答案】c【解析】词义猜测题。根据the image of a man was completely shattered when i saw him break down and cry,可知这里指的是作者自己，是作者痛苦，因为自己的母亲去世，故选c。43. according to the passage, a man in the authors mind would have the following qualities except _.a. responsible b. calm c. caring d. enthusiastic 【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。responsible有责任心的； calm镇静的； caring爱心，有同情心的； enthusiastic热情的。根据because i wanted to be a man and wanted to be the one supporting my family. 作者认为人要有责任心；if you can keep your head when all about you/ are losing theirs and blaming it on you youll be a man, my son 这里作者引用母亲的话来说明人在遇到事情时要镇静；要if i ever got tired during my work hours at the shop i could call her to come and pick me up.作者认为要有爱心；只有选项d的热情没有提到，故选d。44. we can learn from the passage that _. a. the poem has helped to improve the relationship between the author and his fatherb. the author would not know how to help his family without the poemc. the authors father must have read the poem as welld. the authors mother had told him about this poem before 【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据your poem was so much more than just a simple list of guidelines or morals that some see it as; it really changed my life and my relationship with my dad.那首诗帮助改善了作者和父亲的关系，故选a。45. the author has written this letter to _.a. share with rudyard kipling his sadness resulting from the death of his mother b. show his appreciation for the positive influence the poem has brought to himc. share his opinion on the poemd. tell rudyard kipling how he got the poem 【答案】b 【解析】作者意图题。根据短文的内容可知作者想让我们知道那首诗带给他的积极的影响。阅读理解-bevery year many students went to the college bookstore to purchase the different textbooks that they need for their classes. little do these students realize that, in doing so, they are throwing good money away. it may sound unbelievable but textbooks, in some cases, actually cost as much as, if not more than, college fees.many people think that college bookstores are the most convenient source for textbooks. titles are usually kept and students may purchase new textbooks or choose to buy second-hand books and save money. but the money saved by purchasing second-hand textbooks from college bookstores is small compared to the amount they could save by shopping online.more and more online booksellers have begun selling textbooks at heavily discounted prices. online second-hand bookstores are another source for college books as they keep a large number of textbooks, which means sizable savings for students. students should avoid purchasing their textbooks at the first store that they surf online since there are so many unreal booksellers on the net. price isnt the only factor to consider when making an online purchase. students should also consider shopping costs and delivery time when making their decision.online auctions(拍卖) are another option for students seeking a bargain. this option, however, has its pros and cons. a plus is that students can get incredibly cheap books. one problem is that while online bookstores have a system in place that ensure you receive your order within a reasonable amount of time, with an auction purchase, however, you must depend on the auction sellers timetable. one way that students can really save is by getting books for free. project gutenberg is one resource that english majors will find invaluable. here students can legally download a huge collection of classic novels. in the past students needing help with their studies would often have to spend a lot of money buying expensive study guides. today that is no longer the case. cash-strapped students can now visit the website sparknotes for free downloadable study guides as well as classics. 31. which of the following is the best title of this passage?a. learning to save on textbooksb. why buy textbooksc.online shopping d. tips for buying secondhand textbooks来源:z。xx。k.com【答案】a【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲在线购书比去学校书店买更节省，最后一段还介绍了一种能免费获得教科书的节省的方法。所以本文主要讲在教科书方面怎样省钱。故选a.32. which of the following is not mentioned as a source to obtain textbooks ?a. college bookstores.b. online used bookstores.c.online auctions.d. second-hand bookstore centres.【答案】d 【解析】细节理解题。第一段讲到a.college bookstores。第三段“online second-hand bookstores are another source for college books .”提到了b（在线二手书）。第四段讲c.在线拍卖。但始终没提到d。33. the underlined expression “pros and cons” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to _.a. professionals and conservativesb. joy and sadnessc.advantages and disadvantagesd. processes and conditions【答案】c【解析】词义猜测题。“pros and cons” 指“正反两方面”，即“优点和缺点”。与c意思相同。34. according to the passage, project gutenberg is probably _.a. a government project aimed at helping english majorsb. a project to help poor students get free learning materialsc. a website for english majors to get the guides from language expertsd.a website for students to get free sources for english learning【答案】d【解析】推理判断题。文章最后一段“project gutenberg is one resource that english majors will find invaluable. here students can legally download a huge collection of classic novels.”说明 “project gutenberg”是英语专业学生认为非常贵重的资源，学生可以在这儿合法地下载大量经典小说收藏。因此它是一个学生可以为英语学习获取免费资源的网站。故选d。35. from the passage, we can learn that_.a. the cost of textbooks in college is low compared to the amount spent on tuition b. online auctions are perfect for students seeking text booksc. students should visit many websites before buying their booksd.students should consider shopping costs and delivery time above all else when making their buying decision【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。文章第一段“it may sound unbelievable but textbooks, in some cases, actually cost as much as, if not more than, college fees.”说明听起来可能难以置信，但在某些情况下，教科书的费用即使不比大学学费多，也是持平的。故a不对。文章第四段“online auctions(拍卖) are another option for students seeking a bargain. this option, however, has its pros and cons.”说明在线拍卖也是有利有弊的，而不是完美的。故b错误。第三段“price isnt the only factor to consider when making an online purchase. students should also consider shopping costs and delivery time when making their decision.”说价格不是网购唯一考虑的因素，学生在做决定之前也要考虑购物成本和交货时间。能看出学生在作出购买决定之前应该首要考虑购物成本和交货时间，但不是首要考虑的。故d错误。第三段“students should avoid purchasing their textbooks at the first store that they surf online since there are so many unreal booksellers on the net. ”说明学生应该避免在他们搜索到的第一个店购买教科书，因为网上有太多不真实的书商。所以在买书之前应该看许多网站，故c正确。阅读理解-bthis is an old tale. its the story of the three little pigs and the big bad wolf that blew down a house made of straw and one made of sticks. the only house left standing was the one made of bricks. now there is new evidence to suggest that houses built with bales of straw can be very strong. they are also environmental. pete walker is a professor at the university of bath in britain. he and a team of researchers there have built a house made out of straw bales and hemp material. during the next twelve months the team will study the effectiveness of these materials in home building. professor walker says there are many good reasons for using straw. professor walker says that one of the benefits is that its a relatively inexpensively renewable material thats readily available. according to professor walker, straw takes in carbon dioxide as it grows. so it can be seen as having no harmful effects on the environment. he says straw helps the environment in other ways. professor walker: “the straw bale walls are relatively thick and so all that straw provides very good thermal(of heat) insulation. so we make buildings that require very little heating in the winter or indeed very little cooling in the summer. so they require very little additional energy.” professor walker says this reduces home operating expenses. it also reduces the effect on the environment. he says the current interest in straw bale houses is a direct response to the problem of climate change. david lanfear owns an eco-friendly home building service in the united states called bale on bale construction. he says he laughed when some friends first told him about houses built of straw. but after doing his own research, he learned that building with straw bales made a lot of sense. he has now helped to build more than ten straw bale houses and says the building material is becoming more widely accepted. to build the houses, he fills a wood frame with tightly packed bales of straw. next he coats the walls inside and out with layers of clay plaster. he says the common ideas about straw houses continue, including stories about the threat of fire. mr. lanfear says straw bale houses have done well when tested for fire resistance. and he says his builders use the same building methods as traditional builders to keep out rain. david lanfear: “we use what we call good shoes and a good hat, and that would be a solid foundation and a really good roof.”46. the function of the story in the first paragraph is to _.a. amuse the readersb. introduce the topic of this passage c. help the readers to recall their childhood memoryd. remind the readers that bricks are no longer the best choice for building 【答案】b【解析】推理判断题。根据用这个寓言故事来引出下文，因为它们有相同之处都是叙述的房子的问题，故选b。47. which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “insulation” in paragraph six?