江苏省扬州市高考英语 阅读理解精品训练（20）.doc

扬州市2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（20）及答案解析c82012辽宁卷 bastronauts on shorter shuttle missions(使命)often work very long days. tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the days work. this type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the international space station(iss)iss crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. they work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on earth as much as possible. weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. they can communicate with family and friends by email, internet phone and through private video conferences.while astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. before a mission, the family and friends of each iss crewmember put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the earth. during their mission, the crew also receives care packages with cds, books, magazines, photos and letters. and as from early 2010, the internet became available on the iss, giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing(冲浪)” in their personal time. besides relaxing with these more common entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the earth. both the shuttle and the iss circle the planet several times each day, and every moment offers a new view of the earths vast land mass and oceans.60what does the word “mimic” in paragraph 1 probably mean?afind. bcopy. cchange. dlose.61which of the following best describes the families of the astronauts on the iss?athey are caring and thoughtful.bthey are worried and upset.cthey are impatient and annoyed.dthey are excited and curious.62in the final paragraph, the author shows that astronauts _.aget more pleasure in space than on the earthbfind living in space a bit boring and tiringcregard space life as commondlove to see the earth from space63the passage mainly discusses how astronauts _.awork for longer missions in spacebconnect with people on the earthcobserve the earth from spacedspend their free time in space【要点综述】本文是记叙文。宇航员的生活往往是与众不同的，但是在国际空间站的工作人员的生活可以跟在地球上的生活很相似。他们可以与家人或者朋友联系，也可以做一些日常的活动。60. b词义猜测题。联系they work five days on and two days off我们知道，他们的生活与地球上是一样的，因此答案为b。61. a推理判断题。从第二段我们知道，在飞行前，这些航天员的家人以及朋友为他们准备了照片、书籍等供他们消遣的东西，因此他们是很体贴和想法周全的。d有一定干扰性，文章没有讲述家人或者朋友对于这些宇航员工作的兴奋与好奇，因此可以排除。62. d推理判断题。从最后一段我们知道，这些宇航员喜欢从窗口看外面的世界，并且地球在不同时间提供了不同的画面。63. d主旨大意题。全文讲述了国际空间站的宇航员是如何度过工作之余的闲暇时间的。b、c有一定的干扰性。文章提到过宇航员与地面上的家人和朋友的联系，也提到了他们透过窗子看地球上的景观，但是这些都是细节，而不是主题。 c82012江苏卷 medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. one solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil they can be released at just the right spot. there are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. but triggers can come with their own risksburns, for example. now, researchers in california have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (nir, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.the idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isnt new. researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (uv, 紫外线) or visible light. but tissues also readily absorb uv and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. nir light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. but few compounds (化合物) absorb nir well and go through chemical changes. that changed last year when adah almutairi, a chemist at the university of california, san diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs nir light. their polymer used a commercially available nirabsorbing group called onitrobenzyl (onb). when they catch the light, onb groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. but onb is only a soso nir absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.so almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules thats even better. this one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. cresol contains reactive (易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. after polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a lightabsorbing compound called bhc. when the bhcs absorb nir light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. whats more, almutairi says, bhc is 10 times better at absorbing nir than is onb and is not poisonous to cells.63. according to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?a. temperature change. b. nir light. c. acidity change. d. uv light.64. why is onb unsatisfactory?a. it breaks down when it absorbs nir light.b. it falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.c. it has not come onto the market up till now.d. it is not effective enough and could be poisonous.65. which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?a. protected b. formed c. exposed d. combined【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加安全、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。63. b信息理解题。根据第一段最后一句“now, researchers in california have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (nir，近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.”可知答案。64. d推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“onb groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.”和“and it could be poisonous to cells”可知答案。65. c信息理解题。根据最后一段第五句“when the bhcs absorb nir light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.”可知此处用exposed，即c项正确。 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。achristopher thomas, 27, was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast. diagnosed with diabetes(糖尿病), thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素) three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage, blindness and even death. and if that werent bad enough, he had no health insurance. after a month of feeling upset, thomas decided hed better find a way to fight back. he left canton, michigan for new york, got a job waiting tables, nicknamed himself the diabetic rockstar, and created , a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories, information and resources. jason swenckis son, kody, was diagnosed with diabetes at six. father and son visit the online childrens forums(论坛) together most evenings. kody gets so excited, writing to kids from all over, says swencki, one of the sites volunteers. they know what hes going through, so he doesnt feel alone.kody is anything but alone: diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the united states, with 24 million diagnosed cases. and more people are being diagnosed at younger ages. these days, thomass main focus is his charity(慈善机构), fight it, which provides medicines and supplies to people 225 to date who cant afford a diabetics huge expenses. f has raised about $23,000 in products and in cash. in may, thomas will hold the first annual diabetic rockstar festival in the caribbean. even with a staff of 22 volunteers, thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause, while still doing his full-time job waiting tables. of the diabetes charities out there, most are putting money into finding a cure, says bentley gubar, one of rockstars original members. but christopher is the only person i know saying people need help now.26. which of the following is true of christopher thomas?a. he needs to go to the doctor every day.b. he studies the leading cause of diabetes.c. he has a positive attitude to his disease.d. he encourages diabetics by writing articles.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段尤其是第一句“thomasdecidedhedbetterfindawaytofightback”故选c。27. d was created for _.a. diabetics to communicate b. volunteers to find jobsc. children to amuse themselves d. rock stars to share resources【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段末for diabetics and their loved ones a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories, information and resources.故选a28. according to the text, kody _.a. feel lonely because of his illnessb. benefits from c. helps create the online kids forumsd.writes childrens stories online【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据kody gets so excited, writing to kids from all over, says swencki, one of the sites volunteers. they know what hes going through, so he doesnt feel alone.可知故选b。29. what can we learn about fight it?a. it helps the diabetics in financial difficulties.b. it organizes parties for volunteer once a year.c. it offers less expensive medicine to diabetics.d. it owns a well-known medical web-site.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据fight it, which provides medicines and supplies to people 225 to date who cant afford a diabetics huge expenses.故选a。30. the last paragraph suggests that thomas _.a. works full-time in a diabetes charityb. employs 22 people for his websitec. helps diabetics in his own wayd. tries to find a cure for diabetes【答案】c【解析】推理判断题。根据but christopher is the only person i know saying people need help now. 他是在用自己的方式来帮助别人，.故选c。c82013天津卷 blast nights meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.according to gabe rothschild, emerald valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.what they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“my family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident duane cosby.“we wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades.they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.they call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.there is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. this population consists of birds, bats, frogs，snakes，etc.for example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (迁徙的)birds.according to the international darksky association，“100 million birds a year throughout north america die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”countless more animal casualties(伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting.clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.they worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.emerald valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.for years, flagstaff, arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the lowell observatory.similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.41it happened last night that _a. the citys lights affected the meteor watchingbthe meteors flew past before being noticedcthe city light show attracted many peopledthe meteor watching ended up a social outing 42what do the astronomers complain about?ameteor showers occur less often than before.btheir observation equipment is in poor repair.clight pollution has remained unsolved for years.dtheir eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.43what is the author concerned about according to paragraph 4?a. birds may take other migration paths.banimals living habits may change suddenly.cvarieties of animals will become sharply r