湖北省荆门市高考英语二轮复习 科普环保类阅读理解（2）.doc

科普环保类阅读理解（2）2016高考英语阅读练习科普环保类mosquitoes have an extraordinary ability to target humans far away and fly straight to their unprotected skin. regrettably，mosquitoes can do more than cause an itchy(发痒的）wound. some mosquitoes spread several serious diseases，including dengue，yellow fever and malaria. over one million people worldwide die from these diseases each year. new research now shows how mosquitoes choose who to bite. mosquitoes need blood to survive. they are attracted to human skin and breath. they smell the carbon dioxide gas，which all mammals breathe out. this gas is the main way for mosquitoes to know that a warm-blooded creature is nearby. but mosquitoes also use their eyes and sense of touch. michael dickinson is a professor at the california institute of technology. his research shows how these small insects，with even smaller brains，use three senses to find a blood meal. michael dickinsons team used plumesa material that rises into the air of carbon dioxide gas into a wind tunnel. they then used cameras to record the mosquitoes. the insects followed the plume. then，the scientists placed dark objects on the lighter colored floor and walls of the tunnel. mr. dickinson said，at first，the mosquitoes showed no interest in the objects at all. “what was quite striking and quite surprising is that the mosquitoes fly back and forth for hours. these are hungry females and they completely ignore the objects on the floor and wall of the tunnel. but the moment they get a hit of co2，they change their behavior quite obviously and now would become attracted to these little visual blobs (斑点）.” this suggested to the researchers that a mosquitos sense of smell is more important in the search for food. once mosquitoes catch a smell of a human or animal，they also follow visual signals.【小题1】what do mosquitoes mainly use to find their targets? asense of smell.bsense of touch.csense of sight.dsmart brains.【小题2】the first response of the mosquitoes to the objects in the experiment is. ato fly to the dark onesbto catch and stick to themcto take no notice of themdto attach themselves to them【小题3】how can we avoid being attacked by mosquitoes according to the text ? adont let them see us.buse dark objects to stop them.cmake them fly back and forth for hours.dattract them to objects full of carbon dioxide gas.【小题4】what can be the best title for the text? ahow do mosquitoes survive?bwhy do mosquitoes need blood?chow do mosquitoes choose to bite you?dwhy do mosquitoes attack the human being? 2016高考英语阅读练习科普环保类the way we cook is important. in many countries, the two sources of heat used for cooking are natural gas or electric stoves. the world health organization(who) warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. the who finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year. indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook stoves in the home. who officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. and they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. of that number, the who says about 4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple biomass(生物燃料）and coal stoves. these findings show that the home use of poisonous fuels is to blame for many of these deaths. these fuels include wood, coal, animal waste and so on. carlos dora is coordinator in the who s department of public health, environmental and social determinants of health. he says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene(煤油）fuel indoors. he says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation. it will only pollute the outdoors. “new technologies and clean fuels can rid people of this problem.” the united nations found that more than 95 percent of families in sub-saharan africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. it says huge populations in india, china and latin american countries, such as guatemala and peru, are also at risk. nigel bruce is a professor of public health at the university of liverpool. he says researchers are developing good stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.“there are already many technologies for clean fuels available now. an effective and reasonably low-cost ethanol(酒精）stove that is made by dometic (a sweden-based company)is now being tested out. another interesting development is electric induction stoves.” in india, you can buy an induction stove for about $8. and in africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.【小题1】how is paragraph 2 mainly developed? aby making classifications.bby listing numbers.cby following time order.dby describing a process.【小题2】according to carlos dora, what is the best solution to indoor air pollution? apeople should use an effective air cleaner.bpeople should use new technologies and clean fuels.cpeople should open a window or door to let out the harmful air.dpeople should prevent themselves from being exposed to harmful air.【小题3】what can we learn from the passage? amost of the deaths from indoor pollution are in developing countries.bburning solid fuels can help limit indoor air pollution .cpeople can buy ethanol stoves made by dometic in india.dthere are already two technologies for clean fuels available for use.【小题4】which would be the best title for the passage? athe way we cook is changing.bcause of indoor air pollution.cthe development of electric stoves.dindoor air pollution kills millions each year. 阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013重庆，b)one of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience. this idea has inspired the awardwinning photographer andrew zuckerman. he interviewed and took photos of fifty oversixtyfiveyearolds all over the world.his project explores various aspects of their lives. the photos and interviews are now available on our website.click on the introductions to read the complete interviews.let us now have a culture of peace.federico mayor zaragoza, spainfederico mayor zaragoza obtained a doctorate in pharmacy(药学)from the complutense university of madrid in 1958. after many years spent in politics, he became directorgeneral of unesco in 1987. in 1999, he created the foundation for a culture of peace, of which he is now the president. in addition to many scientific publications, he has published four collections of poems and several books of essays.writing is a discovery.nadine gordimer, south africadue to a weak heart, nadine gordimer attended school and university briefly. she read widely and began writing at an early age. she published her first short story at the age of fifteen, and has completed a large number of works, which have been translated into forty languages. in 1991, gordimer won the nobel prize for literature.jazz is about the only form of art today.dave brubeck, usadave brubeck studied music at the university of the pacific and graduated in 1942. after world war two he was encouraged to play jazz. in 1951, he recorded his first album (专辑). brubecks 1959 album has become a jazz standard. he received a grammy lifetime achievement award in 1996.for more figures click here.文章大意：一代人可能传给下一代的就是他们在生活中获得的宝贵的人生经验，因此andrew zuckerman把50多岁的人选作他项目的主体。本文通过几个例子让大家更好的了解这一项目。 5why did andrew zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project?abecause their wisdom deserves to be passed on.bbecause they are physically impressive.cbecause their accomplishments inspired him.dbecause they have similar experiences.答案：a细节理解题。由文章第一句话one of the greatest gifts one generation can give other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience可知，andrew zuckerman为他的项目选择50多岁的人是因为他们的人生经验值得一代代往下传。故a项正确。6according to the web page, federico mayor zaragoza _.ahas won many awards for his work in politicsbhas served as the president of a universitychas devoted all his life to the field of sciencedhas made achievements in different areas答案：d推理判断题。由文章的第一则采访可知，zaragoza在医学、政治、文化、科学、文学方面都有不凡的成就，因此d项正确。7who most probably said “my education has been the library and books” in the interview when reflecting on his/her experience?aandrew zuckerman.bfederico mayor zaragoza.cnadine gordimer.ddave brubeck.答案：c推理判断题。由上面几则采访可以看出，一生致力于写作的是nadine gordimer，故c项正确。8what is the main purpose of this web page?ato show zuckermans awards. bto publicize zuckermans project.cto spread the wisdom of the three people.dto celebrate the achievements of the three people.答案：b主旨大意题。本文主要向读者介绍andrew 的zuckerman项目，然后举了其中几个例子，为的是让大家更多地了解他的项目，故b项正确。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013四川，d)home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia (怀旧 ). its fun to come home. it looks the same. it smells the same. youll realize whats changed is you. home is where we can remember pain, love, and some other experiences: we parted here; my parents met here; i won three championships here. if i close my eyes, i can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home. i walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glasstop wooden table. to the right of the living room is my first bedroom. its empty, but its where my earliest memories are.there is the dining room table where i celebrated birthdays, and where i cried on halloweenwhen i didnt want to wear the skirt my mother made for me. i always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong. if i sit at the table, i can see my favorite room in the house, my parents room. it is simple: a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side. their bed is my safe zone. i can jump on it anytimewalking up my parents if i am scared or if i have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning.im lucky because i know my first home still exists. it exists in my mind and heart, on a physical property (住宅 ) on west 64th street on the western edge of los angeles. it is proof i lived, i grew, and i learned.sometimes when i feel lost, i lie down and shut my eyes, and i go home. i know its where ill find my family, my dogs, and my belongings. i purposely leave the window open at night because i know ill be blamed by mom. but i dont mind, because i want to hear her say my name, which reminds me im home.文章大意：家是让人感觉到和平、安宁、安全、祥和的地方，是能够让人的心灵完全放松的地方。9why does the author call her parents bed her “safe