江西省新余市高考英语 阅读理解、完形填空专题训练（15）.doc

新余市2014高考英语阅读理解、完形填空专题训练（15）附答案next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. and when youre doing your holiday shopping online, make sure youre holding a large glass of iced tea. the physical sensation (感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist john a. bargh.psychologists have known that one person s perception (感知) of another s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, bargh argues, when babies conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness.classic studics by harry harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. harlows work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal.although no worldwide study has been done, bargh says that describing people as “warm”， or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.to test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. a research assistant who was unaware of the studys hypotheses (假设) , handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. the drink was then handed back. after that, the students were asked to rate the personality of“person a”based on a particular description. those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded person a as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.“we are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly，” says bargh.语篇解读最近的心理学研究发现，人们对“温暖”或者“寒冷”的感受可以改变人们的情感。1according to paragraph 1, a person s emotion may be affected by_.a. the visitors to his officeb. the psychology lessons he hasc. his physical feeling of coldnessd. the things he has bought online解析细节理解题。由文章第一段的第三句话可知，温暖的感觉激发温暖的情感，而冷饮在手则会阻止你做出不明智的决定，因此可以说一个人的情感可能会受到冷的感觉的影响。答案b2the author mentions harlow s experiment to show that_.a. adults should develop social skillsb. babies need warm physical contactc. caregivers should be healthy adultsd. monkeys have social relationships解析细节理解题。在试验中，猴子喜欢去靠近布制的“妈妈”而不喜欢“金属线”做的“妈妈”。这使心理学家们强调养育者应该让孩子们多接触一些令人感觉温暖的东西，以帮助孩子们成长为有正常社交技能的健康的成年人，故b项正确。答案b3in bargh s experiment, the students were asked to_.a. evaluate someone s personalityb. write down their hypothesesc. fill out a personal information formd. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively解析细节理解题。由文中倒数第二段中的“after that，the students were asked to rate the personality ofperson abased on a particular description.”可知选a。在试验中，学生被要求评价某人的性格。答案a4we can infer from the passage that_.a. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiencesb. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwidec. physical temperature affects how we see othersd. capable persons are often cold to others解析推理判断题。全文都在论述人们对“温暖”或“寒冷”的感觉可以影响人们对事物的评价。因此，物理温度会影响我们看待他人的方式。因此选c。答案c5what would be the best title for the passage?a. drinking for better social relationshipsb. experiments of personality evaluationc. developing better drinking habitsd. physical sensations and emotions解析主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是人们对物理温度的感觉对人们情绪的影响，d项概括性比较强。答案d*结束the crisis at the damaged fukushima dai-lchi nuclear power station in northern japan has raised worries about radiation riskswe spoke tuesday with jonathan links, an expert in radiation health sciences, and also a professor at the johns hopkins bloomberg school of public health, who says workers within the nuclear plant are the only people at the risk of extremely high doses （量） of radiationfor other people, he says, there may be a long-term worrypeople can get cancer from low doses of radiation in a nuclear accidentif the situation is serious enough, officials could take steps like telling people not to eat locally grown food or drink the waterjonathan links: but that would only be the case if there was a significant release （释放） and, because of wind direction, the radioactive material was blown over the area, and then into and onto water, plants, fruits and vegetablesthe reactors at fukushima are on the pacific coastbut professor links says people should not worry about any radioactive material leaking（泄漏） into the oceanjonathan links: even in a worst accident, the sea provides a very high degree of dilution （稀释） so the concentration （浓度） of radioactivity in the seawater would still be quite lowjapan is the only country to have had atomic bombs dropped on itthat memory from world war two would create a stronger psychological sensitivity to radiation exposurenext month is the 25th anniversary of the explosion and fire that destroyed a reactor at chemobyl in ukrainethe 1986 event was the worlds worst accident in the nuclear power industrya new report says over 6000 cases of thyroid cancer have been foundthese are in people who were children in affected areas of belarus, russia and ukrainethe report says that by 2005 the cancers had resulted in fifteen deathsthe cancers were largely caused by drinking contaminated （污染的） milk from cows eating grass where radioactive material had fallen57the passage mainly tells us _awhat measures the japanese government takes to solve the nuclear crisisbworries and influences caused by the nuclear crisiscwith great efforts of scientists, the japanese government has put the nuclear crisis under controldto explain that the nuclear crisis has less effect on its neighboring countries58which of the following is not the influence caused by the leak of fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power station?aworkers at the nuclear station are suffering the risk of deathbeven low doses of radiation in a nuclear accident can cause peoples cancercmore than 6000 cases of thyroid cancer have been founddwind may blow the radioactive material over the area causing pollution to water59according to the passage, which of the following is not true ?aits not necessary for people to worry about any radioactive material leaking into the oceanbno country other than japan has had atomic bombs dropped on itcby 2005, there had been 15 deaths caused by thyroid cancerdthe nuclear accident in japan is the worst in the nuclear power industry60this article is probably chosen from a _awebsite bmedical reportcscience fiction dtourist handbook参考答案*结束 aa week ago, i had the great pleasure of reading an e-book, when money talks, listen! by rich ezzo. it took only about an hour to read. when i first received a copy, i thought it was a get rich quick type of publication. nothing is wrong with get rich quick, but my mind just doesnt chase after dreams of wealth. i think that if god ever wants me to be rich, he knows where to find my purse. when i began reading when money talks, listen!, i was overjoyed to find that rich ezzo isnt money hungry either. he, too, is hungry far more important than money. since i love this e-book so much, why wait a week to write the review? simple. i wanted to see if the effect it had on me was a keeper. after reading the last word of the e-book, i totally agreed with the subtitle which promised to forever change the way we thought about money. i had so many thoughts running around my mind that i had to install(安装) a stoplight to stop some while others made their way into the picture, then i yielded(让路) them as a few ones arrived in town. i had a mental traffic jam, which only goes to show how slow the traffic usually is. it has been a week and the effect is the same. i truly do look at money differently and have even done a few things differently this week. this is an e-book youll want to read, i promise. i often recommend books to my daughter, and this is one that i didnt just “suggest”-i left it open at the bottom of the computer and told each one, “read it, youll love it.” i would never point someone in a direction i wouldnt go myself. i urge you to visit the authors website, myster money, and to download the e-book. you wont regret it.41. according to the passage, a get rich quick type of publication _.a. is what the author really cares forb. deals with how to make moneyc. is also an e-book written by rich ezzod. is more popular than e-books42.the author didnt write the review as soon as he finished reading the book because_. a. he was too excited to write anythingb. he was not sure whether he did wellc. he had to wait for rich ezzos permissiond. he wondered if the book would have long influence on him43. by saying the underlined sentence in paragraph 4, the author probably _.a. shows that the book brought him many new thoughtsb. shows how bad the traffic is in townc. describes the difficulty in understanding the bookd. explains its hard to change ones attitude to money44. which of the following is supported by the passage? a. the author had known rich ezzo before.b. the author hasnt dreamed of getting rich immediately.c. the author always prefers e-books to paper books.d. the author likes get rich quick-type of publications.参考答案41-44 bdab *结束“i dont want to write a story about girls! i dont know anything about girls,” louisa may alcott told her publisher, mr. niles. but she was desperate for money. she seemed to be the only one in her family who could make any money. niles had asked her to write about something she knew, instead of the romantic adventure stories she had been writing. “so i plod away,” alcott wrote, “though i dont enjoy this sort of thing.” it was 1867, and the horrible civil war was over. now alcott could turn her energy to making money.alcott wrote a simple story of life in her family, their pillow fights on saturday nights and the amateur (业余的) plays they performed. “our experiences may prove interesting, though i doubt it.” (“good joke,” she wrote years later.) her book described her days growing up with four sisters in a family that had no money. she sketched (勾画) a loving mother who took time to be interested in each child, and she told of the death of a beloved sister. she portrayed her family and friends in her book little women. finally, in july of 1868, she finished writing. with a sigh and a headache, she sent off all 102 handwritten pages of her book. niles thought the book was dull, and so did alcott. but when she received her copies of the book, alcott thought it seemed better than expected. “not a bit sensational,” she wrote, “but simple and true. we really lived most of it.” niles asked some girls to read little women, and they loved it.in three months, all the copies of little women had sold. it was already time to print more books! niles thought he could sell three or four hundred more copies. “an honest publisher and a lucky author made a dull book into a golden egg for an ugly duckling,” alcott wrote in 1885. later, with a great sigh of relief, she was able to write, “paid off all the debts! now i feel that i could die in peace. if my head holds out, ill do all i once hoped to do.”56. which of the following would be used to describe alcotts book?a. funny b. boring c. magic d. skillful57. in which order did the following happen?a. alcott began writing little women b. niles asked alcott to write about girlsc. alcott wrote romantic adventure stories d. alcott performed plays with her sisterse. niles was not pleased with alcotts work.a. a, b, e, d, c b. d, c, a, b, e c. c, b, e, d, a d. d, c, e, b, a58. when she handed her first writing in, niles was _.a. sure of her success b. happy about her workc. unsatisfied with the work d. unpleased with the publisher59. we learn from the story that, after little women sold out, _.a. alcott wrote another book b. some girls started to read the bookc. alcott paid off all her bills d. niles published hundreds of books girls liked56 adcc *结束第一节：短文填空（满分10分阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边想对应的横线上。所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。visiting friends is probable one of the most common occurrencesin daily life generally s , it is polite to call a friend before71 you visit, but often very close friends just drop in each other77 without calling some people enjoy a （惊喜）visit from a friend,78 but many people do not take americans for example, those dont79 like surprise visits may tell their friends to call first they come80 this is （可接受的）because most people are very busy dropping 81 in at a busy time can l to some problems for the person visiting 82 and the person visited it is a good idea to ask a friend w he or83 she （介意）your just dropping by without calling if you are not84 sure your friend （欢迎）surprise visits, call first 85 参考答案： 1 speaking 2 that 3 surprise 4 who 5 before 6 acceptable 7 lead 8whether 9 minds 10welcomes*结束athe engineer camillo olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. at his factory in ivera, he designed and produced the first italian typewriter. today the companys head office is still in ivrea, near turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world.by 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year. some went to customers in italy, but olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries.camilllos son, adriano, started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss. he introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialists. the company developed new and better typewriters and then calculators (计算器). in 1959 it produced the ella computer system. this was the first mainframe (主机) computer designed and made in italy.after adriano died in 1960