河北省保定市新市区高考英语 短文改错和阅读理解一轮选练（12） (2).doc

河北省保定市新市区2016高考英语 短文改错和阅读理解一轮选练（12）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。who owns the moon?within the next ten years, the u. s. , china, israel, and a crowd of private companies plan to set up camp on the moon. so if and when they plant a flag, does that give them property(财产)rights? a nasa working group hosted a discussion this week to ask: who owns the moon? the answer, of course, is no use. the outer space treaty, the international law signed by more than 100 countries, states that the moon and other celestial bodies(天体)are the province of all mankind. no doubt that would annoy all of the people throughout the ages, like monks from the middle ages, who have tried to claim the moon was theirs. but ownership is different from property rights. people who rent apartments, for example, dont own where they live, but they still hold rights. so with all of the upcoming missions(派遣团)to visit the moon and beyond, space industry thought leaders are seriously asking themselves how to deal with a potential land rush. “this is a very relevant discussion right now. weve got this wave of new lunar missions from around the world, ”said william marshall, a scientist in the small-spacecraft office at nasa, but who spoke this week at an event hosted by nasas co lab, a collaborative(协力完成的)public-private working group. he was speaking from his personal interest and not on behalf of the agency. to be sure, the united states aims to send astronauts back to the moon by as early as 2015, in a mission that would include a long-term settlement. china and israel, among others, are also working on lunar projects. and for the first time, several private groups are building spacecraft to land on the moon in an attempt to win millions of dollars in the google lunar x prize. some participants say that they plan to gain some property rights in the mission. 【文章大意】本文介绍了世界范围内的登陆月球热, 以及作者对这种现象的担忧。1. in the passage the writer seems to be worrying that. a. the us will live on the moon foreverb. the moon will not be able to hold all mankindc. the potential land rush will become more and more frequentd. no one can answer the question“who owns the moon? ”【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第三段space industry thought leaders are seriously asking themselves how to deal with a potential land rush一句可知太空行业认为领导人们正严肃地问自己如何应对潜在的登陆热, 这也表达了作者的担心。2. “the google lunar x prize”aims to. a. encourage private groups to land on the moonb. help nasa host a discussion about land rush on the moonc. help some developing countries to complete their lunar projectsd. reward some countries or private groups which havent stepped on the moon【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据最后一段several private groups are building spacecraft to land on the moon in an attempt to win millions of dollars in the google lunar x prize一句可知google lunar x prize用来鼓励私人团体登陆月球。3. the underlined word“that”in the first paragraph refers to. a. the outer space treatyb. if and when they plant a flagc. the nasa working groupd. monks from the middle ages【解析】选b。词义猜测题。that代指前句中的if and when they plant a flag。本句意为: 如果当他们在月球上插上一面国旗时, 这会赋予他们领土所有权么? 4. what is the main idea of the last paragraph? a. the u. s. astronauts will live on the moon for a longer time. b. many countries and private groups plan to go to the moon. c. why some private groups wish to land on the moon. d. it is easy to gain some property rights on the moon. 【解析】选b。主旨大意题。最后一段主要介绍了世界上一些国家及私人团体或个人正计划登陆月球。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。nowadays, there is a heated debate on whether pollutants should be cleaned in the air. cleaning up the air, while good for our lungs, could make global warming worse. and the pollutants still go up around the air, along with carbon dioxide.these pollutants are called aerosols (气溶粒) and they include soot as well as mixtures of nitrogen(氮) and sulfur(硫) and other stuff into the air. natalie mahowald, a climate researcher at cornell university, says so far, scientists have mostly tried to understand what those aerosols do while theyre actually in the air.there are so many different kinds of aerosols, she says. some warm and some cool. but in fact, humans are giving out a lot of extra aerosols, and they tend to cool for the most part.the aerosols reflect sunlight back into space, or keep us cool. but it turns out thats not all they do. these aerosols also influence how much carbon dioxide gets drawn out of the air by plants on land and in the sea.they can add nutrients, for example, to the oceans or to the land, mahowald says. but also while theyre in the atmosphere they can change the climate, and thus that also can influence the amount of carbon, the land or the ocean can take up. so there are quite a few different ways that aerosols can act on each other.mahowalds results suggest that reducing those pollutants could be an even bigger problem than realized, when you consider that aerosols help remove carbon dioxide from the air by encouraging plant growth. hard numbers on this effect are highly uncertain at the moment, but this could turn out to be quite significant.and studying it is not easy because the effects arent well understood. for example, nitrogen can be a fertilizer (肥料), but it can stop plant growing when nitrogen comes out of the air in acid form. right now it seems like were much more likely to clean up aerosol pollution, while increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. so scientists, unfortunately, may have a chance to see whether this experiment on our planet should continue or not.36. from paragraph 2, we know that .a. scientists have been aware of how aerosols workb. natalie mahowald is an expert in climatec. cleaning up the air is so populard. pollutants are under control so far【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第二句natalie mahowald的同位语a climate researcher at cornell university可知natalie mahowald是一个气候专家，故选b。37. what is natalie mahowalds opinion on those aerosols?a. aerosols can influence each other in various ways.b. all the aerosols will cool the earth.c. aerosols can add nutrients to human beings. d. any kind of aerosols will warm the earth.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。由第三段some warm and some cool得知，bd选项错误, 与some不符。从第五段的to the oceans，得知c也不对。由第五段最后一句aerosols can act on each other气溶粒可以以不同的方式相互影响，故选a。38. why is it important for scientists to get accurate numbers according to the passage? a. scientists have a chance to research them.b. they can bring scientists much more benefit.c. scientists can protect the earth from being pollutedd. they can help scientists understand the effects better. 【答案】d【解析】推理判断题。从第六段最后一句和第七段开头句可推出d正确。其他选项与题目没有直接的因果关系。它们能帮科学家更好地理解影响，故选d。39. what does the last sentence of the passage imply?a. scientists will be in a dilemma.b. the experiment will be successful.c. scientists will carry out the experiment.d. scientists have difficulty in the experiment. 【答案】a【解析】词义猜测题。从第七段开头句和第八段最后一句should continue or not应不应该进行。说明研究的左右为难。故a最合适。而d选项属于事实题，不是暗示推理题。科学家左右为难，故选a。40. which of the following can be the best title of this passage?a. pollutants in the air.b. the experiment on the planetc. the reason for global warming d. the influence of aerosols 【答案】d【解析】标题归纳题。全文以aerosols为中心，说明它的影响。故d正确。其他选项要么范围太大要么太小，不够全面。气溶粒的影响，故选d。1.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。in order to realize his dream, bill gates, richest man in the world, gave up studying in harvard university, that is the most famous in the worldhe set up a company and researching the computer softwarean old saying go, “interest is the best teacher” i quite agree with this ideai began to be crazy about english when i was a little girli got extreme interested in foreign cultures or customsto meet me curiosity, i read in english stories every dayit seemed to be the best “meal” of a dayas a result, i always did very well in english examinterest is the key of success【参考答案】1.in order to realize his dream, bill gates, richest man in the world, gave upthestudying in harvard university, that is the most famous in the worldhe set up whicha company and researching the computer softwarean old saying go, “interest researched或去掉and goesis the best teacher” i quite agree with this ideai began to be crazy about english when i was a little girli got extreme interested in foreign cultures or customsextremely andto meet me curiosity, i read in english stories every dayit seemed to be the bestmy 删除“meal” of a dayas a result, i always did very well in english examinterest is theexamskey of successto2.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文 中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（a)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。i will share with you a true story happened a couple of days ago. one of my classmate bought a bag of snacks from a food store. a few roommates were then invited to enjoy snacks. unluckily, all of them got poisoned and had stomachaches with our faces pale. they are quickly sent to a nearby hospital. doctors examined them but gave them some medicine. they were out of danger soon before taking the medicine. this accident should make us to realize the seriousness of the food safety problem. i strong suggest that the whole society pays more attention to food safety.【参考答案】2.1.story后加that/ which, 2. classmate classmates, 3.enjoy 后加the, 4.ourtheir, 5.arewere, 6.butand, 7.beforeafter, 8.to realize 去掉to, 9.strongstrongly, 10.payspay3.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加上一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除： 把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改： 在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。this afternoon i went to see my grandfather by a bus. it was very crowded and i had to stand. besides me there was a woman held a little boyin her arms. in front of