BIM技术在机电安装行业的八大应用.docx

In order to ensure normal teaching order, protecting students healthy growth, ensuring that national (property) is not lost, to prevent or minimize the occurrence of safety accidents, follow the prevent, rescue each other, ensure safety and reduce losses principle, according to the local conditions, make the management system. 1, the principal is the responsibility of school safety, school security under the leadership of President security work leading group. The head teacher to the leadership team is responsible for, implementation of the accountability system. 2, school monthly student knowledge about safety education, education should be diversified in the form every safety education for students of classes per week should be targeted. To carry on emergency issues dealing with education in General, self-help and mutual rescue knowledge. Emergency calls (such as 110, 119, 122, 120, and so on) use common sense in education. 3, the establishment of major accident reporting system. School students report major accident within an hour of education; student run and disappearances to report; report of the accident to a written report in triplicate, a correctional centre, a police station, a township peoples Government shall not conceal the accident. 4 week, teachers are on duty system, establish and improve the leadership values; strengthen the education, management of teaching activities in schools to ensure normal teaching order; responsible for school safety leadership always maintained close contact and district police stations, canvassing support from the police station on school safety and help. 5, strengthening teachers moral education, establish a dedicated love, improving education quality, observe the students psychological changes at any time and take preventive measures, no corporal punishment and covert corporal punishment on students, student out of the classroom, schools may not be. 6, units or departments use student Street propaganda or participate in the celebrations, as well as participating in other social work, without approval of the Correctional Centre, school principals consent, without organization. Without the approval of relevant departments, may organize students to participate in fire fighting, disaster relief and so on. 7, schools should educate students to obey the school rules and regulations, on time, on time home to prevent accidents. 8, school to school inspections on a regular basis, found hidden in time, and in severe cases, it is hard to eliminate immediately closed, and reported to the local peoples Government, education, and rule of law section. 9, the school should always check the internal walls, retaining walls, ponds, railings, handrails, doors, Windows, staircases and a variety of sports, extracurricular activities, facilities such as fire safety, infrastructure security, unsafe facility to immediately repair and demolition to ensure that teachers and students work, learn, live venues and facilities are safe and reliable. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school fire safety systems to enhance fire safety, protection of public property and the life and property safety of teachers and students, school fire safety into day-to-day management, is developing the following fire safety system. 1, strengthen fire safety education of the whole school. According to the requirements of the Fire Services Act, so that everyone has of keeping fire control safety, protecting fire control facilities, fire prevention, reports of fireBIM技术在机电安装行业的八大应用文| 杨 磊 龙信建设集团江苏机电安装工程有限公司 岳玉英 上海鲁班软件有限公司BIM技术有效地降低施工成本和提高施工效率，未来几年我国机电安装行业的BIM软件技术，将与国际安装行业接轨，从而最终带动机电安装行业的“新革命”。相比较其他施工企业来说，机电安装公司在施工管理中存在的难题主要在于机电管线深化设计复杂，二维设计非常容易出现管线打架现象，在传统施工方式下返工的概率非常大，且分散的二维图纸修改麻烦，若业主有设计变更，则需要大量的修改，工作量非常大，不仅仅造成人力、财力浪费，还将延误工期。另外，机电安装的施工管理困境还包括，项目施工进度难以监控，材料管理难以有序，项目的多个参与方也难以有效协同沟通；项目竣工后，没有整体的竣工模型，难以进行后续维护管控。近年来，随着BIM技术在国内理论与实践的不断推进，在项目实施中的应用越来越频繁，为解决企业在施工管控中的各项难题，发挥巨大价值。本文主要对现今BIM在机电安装工程中的应用做总结。BIM技术在招投标中的应用现阶段招投标文件的制作主要以纸质文档为主，Word、Excel等Microsoft的各类软件编制的电子文档为辅，招标人及评标专家面对浩瀚的纸质投标文件，不得不凭借自己多年的设计、施工经验从中挑选合适的中标候选人，工作量大而复杂。BIM技术投标以后，通过建立三维模型，将拟建设安装工程的各道工序以3D效果直观地展示，通过3D的模型，可以清晰直观的了解整个工程的实施方案和建造完成后的效果，提高了招标人和评标专家对投标文件的接受程度，同时通过BIM技术投标也可以提前将施工中遇到的问题，如碰撞检查、净高等提前展示，可具体形象地展示投标单位的实力。同时参加竞标的单位参照招标单位提供的工程量清单，可通过BIM模型快速的得到相应的工程数据，根据拟建项目的数据科学、策略地调整自身单位的投标报价，使企业自身具备更大的竞争优势。图1：三维模型图2：相关数据基于BIM的工程量预算根据BIM技术可以多人协同工作，让计算机根据定制的计算规则快速处理与计算各组成构件的预算工程量，并考虑相互扣减及空间位置关系。极大的提高了工作效率，为数据获取进行项目高效管理提供了帮助。图3：基于BIM的工程量分析、统计、汇总采用BIM技术对施工过程中各种管线的碰撞检测机电工程施工中，水、暖、电、智能化、通信等各种管线错综复杂，各管路走向密集交错，如在施工中发现各专业管路发生碰撞，则会出现大面积拆除返工，甚至会导致整个方案的重新修改，不但会浪费材料还会大大的延误工期。因此，在施工前，采用BIM技术，针对现场的结构进行实地测量后，将机电各个专业和结构整合在统一的平台上，进行机电各专业间及与结构间的碰撞检查，提前发现施工现场存在的保温层、工作面、检修面等碰撞和冲突，通过提前预知施工过程中这些可能存在的碰撞和冲突，利于减少设计变更，大大提高施工现场的生产效率。图4：DN50给水管与无压污废排水管相撞，同时DN100的冷热水管还与风管800*400相撞BIM技术在机电施工中对施工设计的进一步深化在机电施工设计图中，标准的预制管路常以线型化的形式表现出来，各专业的管路往往存在相同标高的布置方式，如按照施工中常用的做法，在施工现场先做样板的形式，进行对比、更改、再对比、再更改，通过反复的拆改来最终确定施工方案，就导致费工费时。通过BIM技术，将各专业管线的位置、标高、连接方式及施工工艺先后进行三维模拟，按照现场可能发生的工作面和碰撞点进行方案的调整，最终实现方案的可施工性，这样就将原来需要实际改拆的工作运用电脑实现，不仅省时省力还大大节约了成本，避免了材料的浪费，同时将完成后的方案通过三维剖面图及动态漫游等方式展示给施工工人，使工人更好的理解施工方案，保证施工质量的同时更能很好的缩短工期。图5：各个管线排布后图6：施工剖面图基于BIM的净高分析通过土建一二次结构和安装多专业模型合成，进行管线综合优化排布，根据调整好的综合模型自动筛选出净高不符合设计规范的空间位置，并利用自动出剖面图辅助优化，有效地避免后期施工完成后再遇到净高不足的问题。图7： 净高分析，发现空间高度不够基于BIM的现场管理利用移动终端（智能手机、平板电脑）采集现场数据，建立现场质量缺陷、安全风险等数据资料，与BIM模型即时关联，方便施工中、竣工后的质量缺陷等数据的统计管理。应具备以下特点：1） 缺陷问题的可视化：现场缺陷通过拍照来记录，一目了然；2） 将缺陷直接定位于BIM模型上：BIM模型定位模式，让管理者对缺陷的位置准确掌控；3） 方便的信息共享；让管理者在办公室即可随时掌握现场的质量缺陷安全风险因素；4） 有效的协同共享，提高各方的沟通效率：各方根据权限，查看属于自己的问题；5） 支持多种手持设备的使用：充分发挥手持设备的便捷性，让客户随时随地记录问题，支持iPhone、iPad、Android等智能设备；6） 简单易用，便于快速实施：实施周期短，便于维护，手持设备端更是一教就会；7） 基于云+端的管理系统，运行速度快，可查询各种工程相关数据。图8： 移动应用端照片等数据资料获取图9： 质量缺陷与BIM模型直接关联BIM技术对施工进度的模拟控制和更新目前，我国的施工进度管理主要是采用P6、Microsoft Project等工程管理软件对施工进度计划进行管理，进度管理模式仅停留在二维平面上，对于标段多、工序复杂的建设工程，对施工进度的管理难以达到全面、统筹、精细化，采用BIM技术结合施工现场的三维激光扫描和高像素数码相机的全景扫描，将施工现场的空间信息和时间信息集合在一个可视的3D或4D的建筑模型中，对施工现场进度进行形象、具体、直观的模拟，便于合理、科学地制定施工进度计划，直观、精确地掌握施工进度，对不同施工标段之间的沟通和协调有一个统一的管理和全盘的控制，利于缩短工期，降低施工成本。图10：施工进度展示BIM技术对设备运维资料管理基于BIM技术的施工方档案资料协同管理平台，可将运维阶段需要的信息包括维护计划、检验报告、工作清单、设备故障时间等列入BIM模型中，实现高效管理与协同。施工方在竣工交付时，不仅是交付实体建筑，更是应将富含大量运维所需的BIM（建筑信息模型）一并交付，当然，施工方也应在整个过程中给予配合或自行整理录入所需的运维的信息。让BIM实现项目生命全周期的管理，为施工方提供及时、直观、完整、关联的项目信息服务和决策支持。实现BIM竣工模型（虚拟建筑）的信息与实际建筑物信息一致。后期提交竣工模型后，利用BIM竣工模型，通过软件开发，在模型中植入设备管线的逻辑关系，形成基于BIM竣工模型的设备管线应急运维系统。通过BIM模型设备提醒功能，定期提醒业主维护、检查设备，打造智能化城市。图11：某监控设备数据信息 图12：某机房设备运维信息当然BIM软件技术应用不仅仅如此，还有许多应用点等着我们去挖掘，BIM技术将是让机电安装行业获得新生的必由之路，也将成为机电施工企业的核心竞争力之一。利用BIM技术不断实现施工企业各专业的协同工作，有效地降低施工成本和提高施工效率，在施工过程中明显的提高施工精确度，为施工企业节约成本、提高质量、提升工期，不断增强机电施工企业在建筑市场的竞争力。未来几年我国机电安装行业的BIM软件技术将会延伸至4D更新化、5D新式化，甚至会迎来6D的时代化，将与国际安装行业接轨，从而最终带动机电安装行业的“新革命”。Electricity lines, equipment inspections, found hidden in time for rectification, maintenance, and security. 9, do not use an open flame in the classroom, prohibit burning stove, lit candles, mosquito repellent, no smoking, and banning messy wiring. Without using any household appliances is not allowed. 10, live on campus faculty members, must lead by example, and educate families and children ready to fire. 11, household use of gas in schools, to master proper usage, pay attention to the leak-proof, explosion-proof, fireproof, closing valve after use to ensure security. 12, dining room must be qualified, and annual testing of pressure vessels, to regularly check, the canteen workers must be certified, strictly by operation operation, gas tank and stove safety distance of 1.5 meters, to prevent accidents. 13, the adverse consequences caused by ignoring fire safety regulations, will be punished, until investigated for legal responsibility. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school, pine slopes surrounding safety management system 1 teachers and students, the surrounding area of the school governance covers personal and food hygiene, cultural events and other aspects, integrated governance shall obtain wide support and full cooperation of the community. On the surrounding environment in schools should be closely monitored. 2, school work at the same time, should pay attention to the safety management of school environment, should take the initiative to contact the district police station, the village Committee, Correctional Centre, Township government, business management and other departments to do a good job management. 3, teacher on duty with the exception of inspections in schools, should also pay attention to environmental inspections near the campus, found that the jobless migrants from rural areas, for example, harassment of students and a variety of accidents, according to different situations reported school officials or the police station in a timely manner, to protect the safety of students. 4, every day before school, teachers remind students, pay attention to traffic safety. 5, should educate students to respect social ethics, and various regulations, maintaining public order, and fight the bad guys, and grasp the correct ways and means of maintaining and improving students self-care ability. 6, the establishment of emergency rescue teams of teachers in schools, on high alert and deployed. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school teachers and students organizations out of safety management system organization activiti