（江苏专用）高考英语二轮语法专题复习 名词.doc

名词名词词义辨析1 【2014安徽卷】 why not buy a secondhand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?thats a good_asaying bquestion csuggestion daccount【答案】c考查名词词义辨析。saying谚语，格言，名言；question问题，议题；suggestion建议；account账目，账户。“why not do sth？”表示建议做某事。句意：“如果你的钱不够买一辆新车，何不先买辆二手车？”“好建议！”故选c。2【2014福建卷】 could you tell me the_ of making such tasty cakes?well, i just follow the directions in the cookbook.afeature bplan ccost dtrick【答案】d 考查名词辨析。句意：“你能告诉我制作如此美味蛋糕的窍门吗？”“喔，我只是按照食谱上的说明做的。”feature特色，特征；plan计划，方案；cost费用，代价，成本；trick窍门，花招，诡计。根据句意可知选择d项。3【2014江苏卷】 she was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _ in last years election.asymbol bportraitcidentity dstatue【答案】a考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然2年前就已遭软禁，但她在去年的选举中仍然是有影响力的象征。symbol象征，标志；portrait肖像，描写； identity身份，同一性； statue雕像，塑像。根据语境可知a项正确。4【2014天津卷】 wind is now the worlds fastest growing _ of power.a. source b. sensec. result d. root【答案】a考查名词。source 源泉，来源；sense感觉，仪式；result 结果；root根源，背景，根。 句意：风现在是世界上增长最快的能源。5【2014浙江卷】 we most prefer to say yes to the _ of someone we know and like.aattempts brequests cdoubts dpromises【答案】b考查名词辨析。句意：对于我们熟悉和喜欢的人提出的要求，我们一般都会同意的。request请求，要求；attempt 企图，尝试；doubt怀疑，疑惑；promise允诺，承诺。故选b项。6【2013江西卷】whenever i made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out with_.acuriosity bsatisfaction cenvy dpatience【答案】句意为：每当我犯错时，老师都会耐心地把它们指出来。本题考查名词辨析。a.好奇，好奇心；b.满意，满足；c.嫉妒，羡慕；d.耐心，忍耐力。根据语境选d项。【答案】d7【2013天津卷】while she was in paris，she developed a_for fine art.away brelation ctaste dhabit【答案】句意为：在巴黎期间，她培养了对美术的兴趣。本题考查名词辨析。a.方式，方法；b.关系；d.习惯。taste作名词时，意为“爱好，嗜好”。【答案】c8【2013浙江卷】as the worlds population continues to grow，the_of food becomes more and more of a concern.aworth bsupply cpackage dlist【答案】句意为：随着世界人口的持续增长，食物的供应越来越成为一个关注的焦点。本题考查名词词义辨析。a.价值；b.供应；c.包；d.清单。【答案】b名词的短语搭配9【2013辽宁卷】the accident caused some_to my car，but its nothing serious.aharm binjury cruin ddamage【答案】句意为：这场事故给我的车造成了一定的损坏，但问题不严重。考查名词。根据短语搭配cause some damage to.对造成一定的损坏，选d项。harm伤害，损害，常用于do harm to短语中；injury伤害，常用于对人身体的伤害；ruin毁灭，破产。【答案】d10【2013江苏卷】with inspiration from other food cultures，american food culture can take a_for the better.ashare bchance cturn dlead【答案】句意为：在其他饮食文化的启发下，美国的饮食文化可能会向更好的方向转变。本题考查名词辨析。take a turn for the better是习惯用语，意为“好转，变好”。【答案】c11【2012天津卷】you are working too hard.youd better keep a_between work and relaxation.apromise blead cbalance ddiary【答案】考查名词辨析。句意为：你工作太劳累了。你最好使工作与休闲保持平衡。keep a balance保持平衡；keep a promise遵守诺言；keep a diary记日记。【答案】c抽象名词具体化12【2012山东卷】being able to afford_drink would be_comfort in those tough times.athe；the ba；a ca；/ d/；a【答案】句意为：在那些艰苦的岁月里，能买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人安慰的事。本题考生很容易误选c项，认为comfort“安慰”是不可数名词，其实此处为抽象名词的具体化，a comfort意为“令人感到安慰的一个人或一件事”；a drink意为“一杯饮料”，故 b项正确。【答案】b1在作名词词义辨析题时一定要结合语境体会其意义，做到词不离句。 2名词短语搭配类题目中要注意名词在形式和意义上的变化。如：短语make room for中room前面没有冠词，且room在这个短语中的意义为“空间”而不是“房间”。3判断名词在具体的语境中是表示抽象意义，还是表示具体的人或事，是解决抽象名词具体化的关键所在。一、近几年考查的名词词义辨析的主要形式1形似词的词义辨析【1】symptom症状similarity类似，相似sample样本，标本shadow 影子【2012湖北高考】it is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any symptom.定期去医院检查眼睛，看有没有出现没有任何症状的那些眼病，是重要的。【2】pattern模式，模板procedure程序，手续，步骤program节目perspective态度，观点【2012湖北高考】the officer insisted that michael did not follow the correct procedure in applying for a visa.官员坚持说，michael在申请签证的时候没有遵循正确的程序。2相似词缀的名词辨析expression表达，表示，表情attention注意，留心satisfaction满意，满足impression印象【2012山东高考】my first impression of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良且体贴的年轻人。3意义相近词的辨析【1】strength长处talent才华，天赋ability能力skill技能【2012福建高考】well，you know，english is my strength.so it is my best choice.唉，你是知道的，英语是我的强项，所以这是我最好的选择。【2】anger生气，愤怒rudeness粗鲁regret遗憾，后悔panic恐慌，惊恐【2011湖北高考】“tommy，run！be quick！the house is on fire！” the mother shouted，with panic clearly in her voice.“汤米，跑！快跑！房子着火了！”妈妈大声喊道。她的声音里显然带着恐慌。4无一定关联性的名词词义辨析operation操作，手术growth增长performance表现，表演character性格，特色，角色，人物【2012浙江高考】your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.作为学生，如果你养成这样的习惯对自己的学习方法进行反思，你的表现将会非常出色。二、名词的固定搭配1动词have，take，make，pay，play，put，give等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation 有个好名声have an idea of 了解have a sense of 有意识have a feeling of 有感觉have access to 可以获得take advantage of 利用，趁之机make fun of 取笑，嘲弄make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理get relief 得到缓解give solution 给出解决方案【2010江苏高考】the doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients，so he has a very good reputation.这位医生在治疗心脏病上技术高超而且从来不收病人任何礼物，因此享有较高声誉。the system has been designed to give students quick and easy access to the digital resources of the library.设计这个系统的目的是让学生能够迅速、便捷地使用图书馆的数字资源。2介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand需求量很大in quantity大量，大批in progress在进行中in production在产量方面out of ones reach手不能及out of touch与无联系out of sight看不见beyond recognition辨认不出来【2012全国卷】the harry potter books are quite popular，they are in great demand in this city.哈利波特系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大。【2011四川卷】always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens reach.记住把像刀子之类的危险的东西放在孩子够不着的地方。三、抽象名词具体化1. 表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有单词抽象名词具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事attraction吸引有吸引力的人或事物beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情shanghai is a most beautiful city and we are excited that expo 2010 shanghai china has been a great success.上海是一个非常美丽的城市，我们非常高兴上海世博会是一个成功的盛事。【2012福建高考】its a good feeling for people to admire the shanghai world expo that gives them pleasure.对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。what do you think of the manager of your company?oh，he is a manager whos pleasant to work with.its a pleasure to work with him.你认为你公司的经理怎么样？噢，他是一位与其共事非常令人高兴的经理，与他共事是一件愉快的事情。2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词物质名词可数名词物质名词可数名词drink 饮料two drinks两杯饮料sugar 糖a sugar一块糖coffee 咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡paper 纸a paper一张报纸；一篇论文tea 茶two teas两杯茶hair 头发a hair一根头发【2013山西上学期诊断】i knocked over the tea cup and it fell on the mobile phone.you should never put drinks near a phone.我把茶杯碰倒了，它落在了手机上。你从来都不应该把饮料放到手机附近。1【2014辽宁大连双基测试】 mo yan，a most widelyread writer，takes a complete new_to describing chinas rural and folk culture.awaybapproach cpassage dentry【解析】句意为：莫言的作品被广泛阅读，他采用了全新的方法来描述中国的乡村民俗文化。an approach to为固定搭配，相当于a way of，意为“的方法”；passage指人们行走的“通道，走廊”，不合本句要求；entry意为“进入，进入权，入口处”，不合本句要求。【答案】b2【2013福建毕业班质检】what does pm 2.5 mean?its a professional _indicating the condition of air pollution.aterm bitem cnumber dmark【解析】句意为：pm 2. 5是什么意思？它是一个表示空气污染状况的专业术语。a.术语；b.项目；c.数字；d.记号。【答案】a3【2014福建名校质量检查】i hope the gov