2012四级阅读策略.doc

四级阅读理解应试策略主旨题解题方法 1 解题步骤：做任何事都应该讲求方法，科学的方法常常能使人获得事半功倍的效果。比较正确的做阅读理解题的方法是：第一步：略读（skimming）。要以最快的速度把全文浏览一遍，其中包括浏览开头、结尾，中间部分各分段一般只需要读一下首句或最后一句，去找一找文章的主题句。略读的目的是获取大概的信息，如文章的中心思想、风格、目的、题材、体裁等。第二步：从短文后的多项选择题入手，理解并记下在阅读中需要特别关注的地方。第三步：扫读（scanning）。大致了解了短文的内容并阅读了题目后就可以带着问题进行阅读，有目的地搜寻相关信息。第四步：仔细阅读（perusing）。对与题目有关的某些关键词、句子或段落仔细阅读，反复琢磨，以便理解其内涵或隐含的意思。对于那些需要归纳、分析才能找到答案的问题，或是需要理清逻辑关系才能找到答案的问题，更要潜心研读。2对症下药：以下就阅读理解部分常考的题型分类加以说明。第一类：主旨题主旨题主要测试应试者对整篇文章的理解能力。主旨题涉及的方面通常包括文章的标题、主题思想、概括主要内容、说明作者的态度和目的等。 就题型本身而言主要有如下提问方式：A针对main idea等提问：Whats the main idea of the whole passage?B 针对purpose, attitude等提问：In the authors view,?做主旨题时，最有效的办法是找到并仔细研读文章的主题句，主题句大多数情况下出现在比较重要的位置，如文章的开头或结尾，如果一篇文章包括多个段落，一般来说 每个自然段的首句也是主题句。文章主题句之外的其他内容一般都是对主题句加以解释、补充说明或列举事实等。另外，有些阅读材料的主题思想不是十分明确，需要通读全文，抓住主要论点或论题来归纳出中心思想。应该注意的是，在归纳中心思想时，要从文章实际内容出发，在事实和依据的基础上进行判断、推论和归纳。例文（2000年1月阅读部分第二篇）Believe it or not, optical illusion can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent strips, called chevrons, painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Automobile Association Foundations For Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifty of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest-curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction of highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.26.The passage mainly discusses _. (本文主要讨论-)A)a new way of highway speed control（一种新的高速公路限速方法）B)a new pattern of painting highways（油漆高速公路的新模式）C)a new approach to training drivers（司机培训的新方法）D)a new type of optical illusion（一种新的视觉错觉）答案为A）本题涉及文章的主题。文章讨论的是利用视觉错觉降低高速路上的车祸。文章开门见山就指明了这一主题。文章接着说日本在公路上涂上人字形条纹，通过视觉错觉使出司机减速，美国也正准备效仿，然后作者解释各种图案的效果，指出人字形条纹在控制高速路上车行速度，减少交通事故方面最有效。选项A）符合文章的意思。文章讨论的是如何减低车速，减少车祸，如何油漆高速路本身不是文章的主题，所以选项B）不对。选项C）“训练司机的一种新方法”与文章的意思不符。而文章提到的通过油漆公路产生视觉错觉也不是什么视觉错觉的新类型，不过是一种实际应用，选项D）也不对。又例如：In ancient Greece athletic were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival, held every four years in honor of Zeus, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event, and then after the rules against foreign competitors had been waived, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B. C.The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events is uncertain, but events included boys gymnastics, horse-racing, field events such as discus and javelin throwing, and the very important foot races. There was also boxing and wrestling and special tests of varied ability such as the pentathlon, the winner of which excelled in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing and wrestling. The evening of the day was devoted to sacrificial offerings to the heroes of the day, and the fourth day, that of the full moon, was set aside as a holy day.On the sixth and last day, all the victors were crowned holy garlands of wild olive from a sacred wood. So great was the honor that he winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. The public honor also made the strict discipline of the ten-month training period worthwhile. In spite of the lengthy training, however, runners were known to drop a dead from strain at the winning spot.After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were abolished in A. D. 394, the Christian era, because of their pagan origin. It was over 1,500 years, before there was another such international athletic gathering. The Greek institution was revived in 1896 and the first small meeting took place in Athens. After the 1908 London Olympics, success was re-established and nations sent their best representatives. In times of peace, the Games have taken place ever since at four-yearly intervals.The best title