语法辅导.doc

Module 2 语法1.一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较1）一般过去时所关心的是过去发生的动作，与现在无联系，常带有表示过去某个时间的状语，现在完成时所关心的是过去发生的事与现在的影响和联系，对现在产生的某种结果，现在完成时强调过去与现在的联系，语句译成汉语后常常带有“已经了”或“了”的含义。A：ve lost my pen. Can you lend me yours?B: Why dont you buy one?A: It fell into the river only a moment ago when I washed my hands. Now Ive got to fill in a form with a pen. 2)现在完成时与for 或since引起的短语连用时，表达从过去开始的动作或状态延续至今，而一般过去时与“for一段时间”连用时，只指过去的动作或状态在过去延续了多长时间。如：Weve stayed here for three weeks. 我们在这里逗留了三个星期了。（说话时人还在）He stayed here fro three weeks last year. 他去年曾在这里逗留了三个星期。（并不表示现在是否在）3）一般过去时带有表示过去某时刻的时间状态，如： yesterday ,last year(month/week/night) in 1980A: When did you come?B: I came the day before yesterday. 4) 一般过去时还可以用于以下情况过去形式指的是现在的事情，在这种情况下，前面一般要用thought ,didnt know 等动词形式：I didnt know you were a teacher. (事实是，你是教师，但我以前不知道)We thought you were in London. （原来你在这里，但我以前不知道） 在时间和条件状语从句中表示过去预计将要发生的事情：Mother said she would wait until her son came back. He promised to come and see us if he had time. 说话人联想的是过去的情况。What was the station we just passed?How did you like his speech?2. 过去进行时表示：1）过去某一时刻正在进行的动作：He was going over the students papers at ten yesterday evening.What were you doing when he came to see you?2) 过去某个时间内正在进行的动作：They were teaching English in Shanghai last winter. They were talking while we were watching TV. 3) 表示按计划安排过去某时将要发生的动作：They were leaving for London two days later. John told us he was raveling on the same train with us. 4)在叙述过去发生的故事时用来描绘故事发生的背景。One day we were driving on a highway. It was snowing and the wind was blowing strongly.3. 过去完成时可以用于以下情况：过去完成时则表示某一动作或时间之前发生的动作或存在的状态。过去完成时则与过去相比，强调“过去的过去”。如：The meeting had started when we arrived at the hall. 当我们到大厅时，会议已经开始了。（had started 的动作发生在过去的动作arrived 之前。）2）过去完成时可表示过去某个时间之前开始的动作或状态的延续，与since 或for 引导的时间状语连用。He had worked in Beijing for ten years before he came to our school. 他来我们学校之前，已在北京工作十年了。本句中had worked 的工作状态延续了ten years ,直到he came to our school 为止。3）在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时She felt helpless, not knowing what to do. Her husband had died and left her no money. 她觉得孤立无援，不知所措，她丈夫去世了，没留给她任何财产。在本句中，she felt helpless 发生在过去，而had died 则发生在felt helpless 之前。4）和另一个动词的过去时连用，表示两个过去动作的先后：When he had explained everything clearly, the students had no more questions.They had learnt quite a lot of English before they came to senior high.5)表示过去未曾实现的希望/打算或意图,限于以下动词:think .hope intend plan mean want suppose etc.I had intended to come, but John asked me to help him with his physics.(So, I didnt come.)We had thought you would call. (But you didnt call.)They had wanted to help but didnt have enough money.6) 追述以前发生的事情,并说明理由:They were tired