山西省山阴县高考英语阅读理解（7）(1).doc

山西省山阴县2014高考英语阅读理解（7）及答案【2014高考英语哈尔滨市第三中学一模】i prefer lynne trusss phraseology: i am a grammar “sticker”. and, like truss author of eats, shoots & leaves i have a “zero tolerance” approach to grammar mistakes that make people look stupid.now, truss and i disagree on what it means to have “zero tolerance”. she thinks that people who mix up basic grammar “deserve to be struck by lightning, hacked (砍) up on the spot and buried in an unmarked grave”, while i just think they deserve to be passed over for a job even if they are otherwise qualified for the position.everyone who applies for a position at either of my companies, ifixit or dozuki, takes a compulsory grammar test. if job hopefuls cant distinguish between “to” and “too”, their applications go into the bin.of course, we write for a living. if is the worlds largest online repair manual (指南), and dozuki helps companies write their own technical documentation, like paperless work instructions and step-by-step user manuals. so, it makes sense that weve made a strong strike against grammar errors.but grammar is relevant for all companies. yes, language is constantly changing, but that doesnt make grammar unimportant. good grammar is credibility, especially on the internet. and, for better or worse, people judge you if you cant tell the difference between “their” “there” and “theyre”.good grammar makes good business sense and not just when it comes to hiring writers. writing isnt in the official job description of most people in our office. still, we give our grammar test to everybody, including our salespeople, our operations staff, and our programmers.grammar signifies more than just a persons ability to remember high school english. ive found that people who make fewer mistakes on a grammar test also make fewer mistakes when they are doing something completely unrelated to writing like stocking shelves or labeling parts. it is the same with programmers. applicants who dont think writing is important are likely to think lots of other things also arent important.32. the author agrees with lynne truss in that _. a. grammar mistakes cant be tolerated b. books on grammar make people stupid c. people need to learn basic grammar d. grammar mistakes are absolutely unavoidable33. whats the authors “zero tolerance” approach to these job seekers who mix up basic grammar? a. they should be left out for a job. b. they have to correct their mistakes. c. they arent qualified for their jobs.d. they must be severely punished.34. which of the following is true of ifixit and dozuki? a. only one of them has a compulsory grammar test. b. they are companies where one learns grammar. c. grammar is quite important for their existence.d. they depend on grammar correction for a living.35. what can we learn from the text? a. companies giving grammar tests may have no good business sense.b. grammar becomes unimportant as language is constantly changing. c. a “zero tolerance” approach to grammar errors might seem a little unfair. d. people who pay attention to writing may pay attention to other things.【参考答案】3235 aacdpassage twenty (ncb in interpol)the organization known to the world as interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. less flatteringly, interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics.as with most generalities, there is some truth in both statements. there are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with interpol. there are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life. consider the charisma of the name alone: interpol, the international police force. continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep. surprisingly, a lot of it happens almost that way.four groups coordinate and direct the activities of interpol. one of them is the national central bureaus, or ncbs, bodies designated by the member nations to serve as their link with interpol. these are the front-line troops, the action people. in the united states, the treasury department is the national central bureau. in the united kingdom, it is scotland yard; the questura in italy and the melbourne city police in australia. because police organization varies from country, the ncbs were established to act as the one special group to handle interpol chores and unsure maximum cooperation between nations. each ncb is usually an official government body with police powers if a country has only one central police authority, that body becomes the national centre bureau. of course, any service appointed as an ncb is bound to its nations law and authority and retains its national title.each ncb is connected by radio to the regional station for its geographic zone. the regional stations are connected to the central station in france. the radio network is versatile. network stations can monitor the central station or any regional station. because of this messages can be broadcast to more than one station at a time. a coding system determines the urgency of each message so that those with high priority can be given precedence. besides, other communication tools, such as radio-teleprinters and phototelegraphy equipment. permit rapid transfers of fingerprints and photographs. sometimes ever more advanced technology is employed. when the police all over the world were looking for a canadian named george leray, they turned to the early bird satellite. leray had led his gang on a daring holdup of a montreal bank and gotten away with $4 million. scotland yard broadcast lerays photo to the world by satellite. an american who saw the picture in florida recognized leray as a man who was living on a yacht in fort lauderdale under an assumed name. the police were alerted and arrested leray.1. what is the best title for this passage?a. the function of the interpol. . the quality of the interpol.c. the organization of the interpol. d. the rapid development of the interpol.2. the organization of this passage is a. general to specific. . cause and effect.c. comparison and contrast. d. development.3. the sentence “stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to a. a lot of employees busying in their work. many office workers busying with various documents.c. crowded with office workers busying with their own collected data.d. workers busying in their own information.4. which is the easiest tool to communicate?a. satellite. . radio. teleprinter. d. phototelegraphy.vocabulary1. interpol 国际刑警组织2. outfit 全班人马，有组织团体3. chisel-jawed 仪表英俊的4. gimlet-eyed 目光锐利的5. jeopardy 危险6. flatteringly 奉承7. choke 闷死 choking on their own statistics 被自己的统计数字弄的喘不过气来8. as with most generalities 和大多数笼统说法一样9. grim 冷酷的10. drone 懒汉，懒洋洋的人11. shuffle 反复挪动，乱翻，洗（纸牌）12. charisma 超凡的魅力13. national central bureaus 国家中心局14. treasury department 财政部（美）15. questura 警察局（意）16. melbourne 墨尔本警察局17. chore 日常零星工作18. to be bound to 受的约束，义务，一定19. geographic zone 地区，地带20. versatile 有多方面用途的21. radio-teleprinter 无线电打印机22. phototelegraph 传真23. daring 大胆的24. holdup 抢劫25. alert 使警惕，使处于待命状态难句译注1. the organization known to the world as interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. less flatteringly, interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics.结构简析 两个句子都是被动语气，都有分词短语。前一句known 修饰organization，后一句stuffed 修饰 cabinet.参考译文 闻名于世的国际刑警组织长被描述成一群仪表英俊，目光犀利和罪犯斗争的战士的群体组织。他们的生命无时无刻不处于危险之中。国际刑警组织也被描述为一个大型的档案室，里面挤满了工作人员，他们被自己的统计数字忙得喘不过气来。2. there are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with interpol. there are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life.结构简析 这是两个句子，都是引导词there句型。参考译文 这里肯定能见到和罪犯斗争的冷酷无情的斗士在国际刑警组织工作，同样可以肯定，这里有那些懒洋洋的人在翻动如山的文件档案，他们的脸颊由于室内生活而消瘦如刀。3. continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep.结构简析 这是省略句。正常句型应该是continents are leaped in，oceans are crossed in, villains are watched by 。参考译文 大洲可一步跨过。大洋可以在转眼之间越过，坏蛋可以由日夜不眠的眼睛紧盯着。4. these are the front-line troops, the action people.参考译文 这些人是前线军，具体行动的人（执行人）。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇介绍国际刑警组织的文章。采用一般到具体的写作方法。头二段是对国际刑警组织的一般介绍，后面是具体到ncb，组成国际刑警组织四个部门之一国家中心局是各国负责和国际刑警保持联系部门，如英国的苏格兰场，美国的财政部等，最后一段讲联系的多种渠道和方式方法。答案祥解1. c. 国际刑警组织。上面文章大意已经说明介绍国际刑警组织，其职能性质只是附带涉及。所以a. b. 不对。 d. 迅速发展，文章没有涉及。2. a. 文章是一般到具体的组织结构。b. 因果 和 c. 对比。 不对。 d. 展开，任何文章都得展开。3. c. stuff=crowd 办公室挤满了工作人员，忙于分析处理收集来的信息和数据。见难句译注1参考译文。a. 有许多雇员忙于工作； b. 许多办公室人员忙于各种文件； d. 忙于自己信息的工人。 这三项都没有。4. b. 无线电通讯。纵然第四段内提及种种手段：卫星，无线电，打印机，传真电报。但无线电通讯仍是他们运用的最方便和最得力的工具，因为他们的无线电网络灵活多用，网络站能监控中央和各地区站点，而且一次能把信息传至好几台。至于卫星，电报，传真电报只是在特殊情况下运行，如快速传送照片，指纹等。所以a. 卫星， c. 无线电打印机， d. 传真电报，不对。【四川省绵阳市2014高考英语一模试题】clet these plants swat the bugs for yousome plants get so hungry they eat flies, spiders, and even small frogs. whats more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environments) in every state. in fact, theyre found on every continent except antarctica.youve probably seen a venus flytrap. its often sold in museum gift stores, department stores, and even supermarkets. a small plant, it grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. at the end of its stalks（茎）are specially modified leaves that act like traps. inside each trap is a lining of tiny trigger（触发）hairs. when an insect lands on them, the trap suddenly shut. over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch.the venus flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says barry meyers-rice, the editor of the international carnivorous plant societys newsletter. note: despite any science-fiction stories（科幻小说）you might have read, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.dr. meyers-rice says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following: attract, kill, digest, and absorb some form of insects , including flies, butterflies, and moths. meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants-well, most of the time.all green plants make sugar through a process called photosynthesis（光合作用）. plants use the sugar to make food. what makes meat-eating plants different is their bug-catching leaves. they need insects for one reason: nitrogen（氮）. nitrogen is a nutrient that they cant obtain any other way. why?almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil. meat-eating plants cant. they live in places where nutrients are hard or almost impossible to get from the soil because of its acidity（酸度）. so theyve come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. in fact, nutrient-rich soil is poisonous to meat-eating plants. never fertilize（施肥）them! but dont worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. they can survive, but theyll grow very slowly.64. venus flytrapa. is a small plant which grows in a container.b. is a kind of plant which gets hungry easily.c. can attract, kill, digest and absorb some form of insects.d. grows 6-8 inches tall65. from the passage, we know .a. meat-eating plants are found on every continent.b. all green plants get nitrogen from the soil.c. bug-catching leaves make meat-eating different from other plants.d. some meat-eating plants in the rainforest do danger to humans.66. meat-eating plants grow very slowly, .a. so youd better fertilize themb. probably because the source of nitrogen is cut off.c. simply because they cant absorb nitrogen from the soild. and then they will die slowly.67. which of the following is true?a. meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants.b. no insects, no meat-eating plants.c. the reason why venus flytrap needs flies is that it needs to get nutrient from them.d. green plants make sugar at night.68. what does the underlined word nutrient in paragraph 5 probably mean?a. 化学物 b.营养物 c. 肥料 d. 氮氢化合物【参考答案】6468、ccbcb 【四川省绵阳市2014高考英语一模试题】dwhats your earliest childhood memory? can you remember the first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? adults seldom recall events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four rarely retain any memory of specific, personal experiences.a variety of explanations have been proposed by psychologists for this childhood amnesia( 记忆缺失,健忘).one argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature（成熟）until about the age of two. but the most popular theory maintains (主张）that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot access childhood memories. adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories. but when they search through their mental files for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fit the pattern. its like trying to find a chinese word in an english dictionary.now psychologist annette simms offers a new explanation for childhood amnesia. she argues that there simply arent any early childhood memories to recall. according to dr. simms, children need to learn to use someone elses