高考英语一轮复习高频考点探究8 Units1—3 外研版.doc

2013届高考英语一轮复习外研版高频考点探究 外研英语8units13考点探究 1 balance i v. 保持平衡ii. . 平衡，均衡状态，心境的平稳when you learn to ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.你学骑自行车时必须学会平衡。how long can you balance on one foot? 你用一只脚能站多久？riders need a good sense of balance. 骑车的人必须，善于保持平衡。his wifes sudden death upset the balance of his mind. 他妻子突然去世，他感到六神无主。we should try to keep the nature _ by raising some rare animals. a. balanced b. supported c. raised d. stored答案：_解析：_答案：a 解析：考查名词词意辨析。根据语境可知，该空表“使保持平衡”，应填过去分词balanced作宾语补足语。考点探究 2 in case of意为“以防；如果；万一”in case of my not being there, ask my brother to help you. 万一我不在那儿，叫我弟弟帮你。the wall was built along the river in case of floods.沿河筑了防护墙以防洪水。【思维拓展】1) in case如果，万一，以防（有某种情况），其后多接从句。in case the house burns down, well get the insurance money. 万一房子烧了，我们会得到保险赔款。in case i forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘了请提醒我。2）in this / that case “如果这样 / 那样的话”。in that case, i have no more to say. 如果那样的话，我没什么可说的了。3）in no case“在任何情况下都不”。in no case are you to leave your post. 在任何情况下你都不要离开工作岗位。4）in any case“无论如何”。in any case i shall return home in a day or two. 无论如何一两天内我要回家。【设考2013】可能这样考please remind me of the time of the meeting again this evening_ i forget a. now that b. ever since c. in case d. as long as答案：_解析：_ _答案：c 解析：本题考查介词短语。in case “万一”。句意为：万一我忘了，明天再提醒我一下关于会议那件事。now that既然。ever since 从起；as long as只要。考点探究3 effect n. 结果；效果；效力；作用；影响；要旨i tried to persuade him, but with little or no effect.我尽力劝他，他根本不听。there is no effect without a cause.没有无原因的结果。the lighting effects emphasized the harsh atmosphere of the drama.灯光效果强调出这出戏残酷无情的气氛。this had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.这对母子俩的将来影响很大。【思维拓展】have effect on 对有作用，有效果。 come/go into effect生效；被实施give effect to 实行；使生效 in effect在功效方面；实际上；生效；在实行中take effect 见效；生效 to the effect that 大意是；意思是；以便bring/carry into effect. 实行；使生效 put into effect 使生效；使起作用【高考真题1】(2009湖北卷)his efforts to raise money for his program were _ because, no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. a. in place b. in sight c. in effect d. in vain 答案：d解析：考查介词短语。根据下文no one showed any intention to take a cent out of 考点探究4 flee i. vt. 逃避, 逃跑, 逃走。ii. vi. 消散, 逃, 消失he was to flee his native village to join the rebel army.他被迫逃离家乡参加了叛军。citizens were forced to flee the besieged city.居民被迫逃离这座被围困的城市。the cat fled from the dog.猫从狗那里逃走了。color fled from her cheeks.红晕从她的双颊上消失了。【高考真题】（2009上海卷）hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _. a. fleeing the thief b. was fleeing the thiefc. the thief was fleeing d. fled the thief答案：d解析：非谓语动词的考查，前面hearing 是非谓语动词形式，away表示地点的副词和短语放在句首时，发生全倒装。句意为：听到狗在狂吠，贼逃走了。【设考2013】可能这样考the hotel guests tried their best to _ the burning building.a .avoid b. fleec .escape d. escape from答案：_解析：_答案：b解析：句意为：“旅馆的客人们竭尽全力从燃烧中的大楼中逃出来。”avoid“避免”；flee“逃跑（强调逃出的动作，是及物和不及物动词）”；escape“逃跑（强调从禁锢的环境中逃出）”。考点探究 5 end up以结束，以告终；意外到达(某处)he will end up in prison if he is not careful.如果他不小心最后会锒铛入狱的。if you continue driving so fast, youll end up dead.如果你继续开车开得这么快的话，迟早会死在这个上面。you may save some money buying such things at the moment, but youll end up paying much more.买这样的东西，你眼下也许可以省些钱，但最终你会花多得多的钱。the people who design americas nuclear bombs believe they helped win the cold war. but now that the war is over, many wonder whether theyll end up out in the cold.设计美国核弹的人相信他们帮忙打赢了冷战，可是既然冷战已经结束，很多人不知道他最终会不会受到冷落。【高考真题】(2010天津卷) joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion , and as a manager.a. ended up b. dropped out c. came back d. started off 答案：a 解析：考查短语动词的用法。句意：作为一名职员加入公司，他很快得到提升，最后当上了经理。ended up 以结束；dropped out是“退出，退学”的意思；came back是“回来”的意思；started off是“动身，出发”的意思。只有a项符合题意。【思维拓展】end up with 以而告终、结束。end up doing sth以而告终end in结果为；以结束(告终)。end (up) in failure 以失败而告终from beginning to end 从头至尾bring an end to使什么结束 ，终止at an end 结束，终结come to an end 完结 put an end to使结束make ends meet 收支仅能相抵【高考真题】(2010江西卷)smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just _ sweet dreams. a keep up with b put up with c end up with d catch up withthe path leads to the small village near the famous lake. 这条小道通向湖边的小村【高考真题2】(2007年浙江卷) we firmly believe that war never settles anything. it only _ violence. a. runs into b. comes from c. leads to d. begins with答案：c解析：题考查动词短语的选用。句意：我们坚定地认为战争永远解决不了任何问题，只会“导致”暴力。run into遭遇，撞见；come from来自；lead to导致；begin with以开始，故选c。【设考2013】可能这样考for the labor-importing countries, the flow of labor may _ stronger job competition.a. stick to b. come from c. lead to d. begin with答案：_解析：_答案：c解析：stick to“坚持”；come from“来自”；lead to“导致”；begin with“从开始”。根据句意“劳动力的流动可能会导致激烈的工作竞争”可知答案为c。重点语法考点探究 1主语的命题趋势【高考真题1】（2012湖南）all the scientific evidence _that increasing use of chemicals in farming damaging our health.a. show; are b. shows; are c. show; is d. shows; is答案：d解析：本题考查主谓一致，句意：所有的科学证据表明：农业方面越来越多的使用化学物质正在损害着我们的健康。主语是evidence “证据（不可数名词）”，所以谓语动词应用单数式shows，宾语从句的主语是use “使用（不可数名词）”，所以要用is。 1. and连接的并列主语是单数概念,谓语动词用单数。2. and连接的两个名词作主语,指同一个人、事物或概念时,谓语动词用单数,此时,后一个名词不加冠词。3. and连接的两个名词作主语,表示不同的人或事物,其概念是复数,谓语动词用复数。三、表示抽象概念的名称或词组，代词或从句作主语的情况 1.把作主语的表示时间、重量、距离、金钱的名词词组看作是一个整体时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。2.不定代词的数量很多，同学们应予注意，它们可分为可数、不可数、可数与不可数皆可和复合不定代词四类。3. 主语从句在复合句中做主句的主语。其关系代词和关系副词有：that、whether、who、which、when、where、how、why等，这时谓语动词要用单数处理。四、集合名词作主语的情况 1. family, team, party, class, public, club, crew, crowd, group, enemy, audience, company, staff等作为一个整体来看时,表示单数意义;若就其中一个个成员来看时,则表示复数意义。2. 有些集合名词作主语时,谓语动词常用复数。常见的词有people, police, cattle等。3. 非确定数量的名词词组作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。4. the +形容词(或分词)通常表示一类人,常看作复数。【设考2013】可能这样考the class _doing experiments on heat and light in the laboratory, and this afternoon this class_ going to have its picture taken.a. is; is b. is; are c. are; is d. are; are答案：_解析：_答案：c解析：从句意看，做实验的应该是班里的学生，所以第一个空用复数；第二个空后的its说明是指整个班集体，所以第二个空用单数。全句意为“同学们在实验室里做一个关于光和热的实验，今天下午这个班要让人拍集体照”。考点探究 2定语的命题趋势【高考真题3】(2012浙江卷) its a such nice place, mother said as she sat at the table_ for customs.a. to be reserved b. living reserved c. reservingd. reserved答案：d解析：reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语the table逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。【高考真题4】(2012重庆卷) sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as salesa. which b. that c. when d. where答案：d解析：考点为定语从句，“position”为先行词，后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。因此，正确答案为d选项。【趋势精点】 在英语的句子中，定语是指对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。最常见的定语为形容词，此外还有名词、介词短语、副词、非谓语动词、从句等，根据高考对定语的考查和学生们经常出错的地方，我们主要从以下三个主要方面结合高考试题进行讲解：一、形容词作定语1. 单个形容词作定语,通常放在所修饰的名词之前。但在下列情况下,形容词则放在所修饰的词之后。 1) 被修饰的词是something, anything, nothing等不定代词时。2) else修饰疑问代词what, who, which, whose以及由some, any, no与body, one, thing等结合而成的复合不定代词时。3) 表语形容词alike, awake, alone等以及present(出席的;到场的)作定语时,须放在所修饰词的后面。2.多个形容词作定语修饰同一名词时,一般采用口诀“县(限)官(观)行(形)令(龄)杀(色)国才(材)”来记忆其排列顺序,效果不错。“限”是指冠词、代词、数词、描述性形容词等表示限定的词;“观”是指“大小”、“长短”、“高低”等表示外观的词;“形”是指“圆”、“方”等表示形状的词;“龄”是指表示“新旧”、“老幼”的词;“色”指颜色词;“国”指“国籍”、“产地”;“材”指“材料”、“质地”。二、非谓语动词作定语的情况代词在定语从句作宾语时也不能省略。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词which，既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子的含义。2)关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，并在句子中作定语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句可以是说明整个句子，它可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，有时还可以插入主句中，as 通常翻译成“正如 那样”。【设考2013】可能这样考the _ situation of the stock market was very hard and all the managers _ couldnt come up with good solutions.a. present；present b. present；presentedc. presented；present d. presented；presented答案：_解析：_答案：a 解析：本题考查present做名词的具体用法。 present放在名词前作定语意为“目前的，现在的”；放在名词后作定语，意为“在场的，出席的”。同步达标小测（15小题；共计15分；用时10分钟）1.dogs are our good friends as they can keep _ with us when we are lonelya. ambition b. company c. balance d. distinction2. leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. a. ever since b. even if c. soon after d. in case3. _ the numbers in employment, the hotel industry was the second largest swiss industry.a. in terms of b. in case of c. as a result of d. in face of 4. the tv programme has _on the children as _ as the old.a. a good effect; good b. a positive effect; well c. a good affect; well d. affect; well5. the family had to _ the burning house. a. flee b. flush c. sneak d. slip6. tom was a black slave and he at last _ the cotton farm to join the north army. a. left b. escaped c. ran away d. fled7. every time she tried to argue with her husband, she _ trying to cry her eyes out. a. kept on b. stayed up c. ended up d. benefited from8. the vietnamese said just this morning that they would like to engage in negotiations with china to _the difficulties between vietnam and china. a. bring an end to b. end up c. bring