中考英语语法笔记整理大全.doc

中考英语语法笔记整理大全名 词表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、 名词的分类 名词类 别意 义例 词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim , China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country集合 名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people, police, team, clothes, group, crew不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care注：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。 3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且以四上也有了变化。eg. beer -a beer 一杯啤酒， work- a work 工厂，著作 ，glass-a glass 一个玻璃杯， room空间-a room一个房间二、 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a或an”；复数形式是在名词后加 “-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读 音例 词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips, jeeps, pats , clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos, photos, bamboos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y 变i加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,以f 或fe结尾的单词去f或fe 变v 加 es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以th结尾的词加s/z/; /z/mouths, paths; months, deaths2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 改变单数名词中的元音字母 eg. man-men, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese, mouse-mice 单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, 由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数 eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers 注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news 3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:(1) 同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物- foods 各种食物，time 时间 - times 时代，green 绿色 -greens 青菜(2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope -hopes 希望 hardship - hardships 艰苦(3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示 eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, 三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+s；另一种是用of, 表示 “的”。1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾 +s。 eg. Mr. Motts robot, childrens clothes (2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾 + eg. teachers books (3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面 +s。 eg. Lucy and Lilys room. (指两人共住一个房间) Mrs Greens and Mrs Browns son. (指两人各自的儿子) (4) 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略 eg. the doctors (office) Mr. Whites2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。 eg. the wall of the classroom，a picture of the bedroom， (2) 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。 eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man (4) 双重所有格 eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Toms(5) 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加s来构成所有格。eg. ten minutes walk, todays newspaper例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 13.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be14. “Would you like _?” “_, please.”A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions1 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost.A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young. -OK, how happy they both looked! A. my father and mother B. my mother and fathers C. my mothers and fathers D.my fathers and my mother3. The new student is in _ , Grade Two. A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class4. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers5. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls? - _, please. A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks8. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs9. After the exam, well have_ holiday. A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks10. They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B. visitors C. visitors D. visitors11.- How many workers are there in your factory? - There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of12. -What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven? - It sounds really wonderful. A. subject B. music C. book D. animal13. There is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge. A. place B. room C. field D. ground 14. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating itA. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk15. If you dont take more _, youll get fat.A. medicine B. lessons C. photos D. exercise16. My school is about twenty _ walk from here. A. minute B. minutes C. minutess D. minutes17. Mum, I have _ to tell you! A. a good news B. some good news C. some good newes D. much good news18. Which is the _ to the post office? A. street B. way C. road D. address19. I stayed at _ last Sunday. A. my uncles B. my uncles C. my uncles D. my uncles family20. Maths _ not easy to learn. A. are B. is C. am D. were 冠词分为不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词 (the)知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、 不定冠词的用法 1)用与可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类：例如：Pass me an apple , please. 2)、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。例如：A boy is waiting for you 3). 表示 “一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one 强烈.例如: We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.4). 用于某些固定的词组中.例如: a few, a little, a lot of注: 用a 还是an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头.二、定冠词的用法 1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如: the photo of the boy 2) 指双方都知道的人或物.例如:-Where are the new books, Jim? 3) 指上文提过的人或物.例如: Today he is making a machine. He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane. 4). 用在世界上独一无二的事物前.例如:The sun is bigger than the moon. 5). 用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如: The first truck is carrying a few baskets. 6). 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前.例如:the Great Wall 7). 用在一些习惯用语中.例如: in the morning (afternoon, evening), 三、不用冠词的情况 1）在专有名词前和不可数名词前。例如：China, Grade Two, Bill Smith, milk 2）名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词。例如： The letter is in her pocket.3）复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如：My father and mother are teachers.4）在星期、月份、季节、节日前。例如：It is Sunday (Monday, Tuesday, etc.) 5）在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：Uncle Wang likes making things.6）在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前。例如： He went to school after breakfast. Can you play basketball?注： 在某些固定词组中，如：at home, by bus, go to school 等的名词前不用冠词。1. We saw _ elephant in the zoo. _ elephant was from India. A. a; The B. the; An C. an; The D. the;2. How do you get home from _? By Bus? No, I walk. _ isnt very far. A. school; The school B. the school; The school C. the school; School D. school; School 3. Theres _ dictionary on _ desk near the window. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the 4. How far is it from our school to _ seaside? It is _ eight-kilometre walk from here. A. the; an B. /; an C. the; a D./; a 5. Where is _ maths teacher? Hes talking with Sams father. A. a B. an C. the D. / 6. The scientists from _ United States live in _ Ninth Street. A. the; the B. /; the C. /;/ D. the; / 7. _ sun is bigger than _ earth. A. A; the B. A; an C. The; an D. The; the 8. _ earth we live on is bigger than _ moon. A. The; a B. The; the C. An; a D. An; the 9. I liver on _ floor of the hotel so I have to take a lift. A. twenty-seventh B. twenty-seven C. the twenty-seven D. the twenty-seventh 10. The farmers were busy _ ready for the next year in _ winter of 1999. A. getting; / B. to get; the C. to get; / D. getting ; the 11. Hi, Jack. Do you have _ pen? Sorry, I dont have one. A. aB. an C. the D./ 12. Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an 13. I am reading _ novel. It is _ interesting story. A. a; an B. a;a C. the; the D./; an 14. If you dont mind, pass me _ apple, please. A. a B. an C. the D. / 15. Theres _ “h” in the word hour. A. a B. the C. an D. / 16. No hurry. Theres _ time left. A. little B. few C. a little D. a few 17. _ India and China are of _ same continent. A. /; the B. The; the C. /;/ D. /; a 18. I think study is _ important work. A. a B. an C. / D. the 19. It takes us nearly _ hour to go to Korla by _ air. A. an; a B. a; an C. an; / D. a; the 20. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little 二、选择填空： A. / B. a C. an D. the1. They are living _happy life now.2. _bag on _desk is mine.3. There is _empty box on the table.4. Do you like _music of the film “Titanic”?5. On _Saturday, I stay in _bed till 12:00.6. _Browns have been to China twice.7. Dont make any noise in _class.8. This is such _interesting story that you must listen to it.9. Next week they will go to Australia by _air.10. Which is bigger, _sun or _moon?代 词1 人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”。请看下表： 数 格 人 称 单 数复 数主 格宾 格主 格宾 格 第一人称wemeweus 第二人称youyouyouyou 第三人称hehimtheythem she her it it 2物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。 词 义 类 型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名 词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs3反身带词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示： 词 义 数我(们)自己你(们)自己他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 们 自 己单 数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复 数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如：make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help oneself to,etc4指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表这，这个那，那个这些那些thisthatthesethose5疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom，6相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。 常用的有：each other, one another. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。7连接代词： 用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有：what, which, who, whom whose, that例如：8. 不定代词：不定代词没有确定的对象， 常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many， much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。 1. This isnt _ pencil case. I left _ at home.A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. - Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?- _ OK. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None4. The population of China is much large than _A. this B.those C.it D.that5 . - When shall we meet again? - Make it _day you like. Its all the same to me.A. one B.any C.another D.allHe said _ at the meeting and just sat there silently. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything- Do you know the lady _ is interviewing our headmaster?- Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.A. which B. who C. whom D. whose23. Either Mary or her parents will let me use _ car.A. herB. theirC. mineD. him24. The bird builds _ nest in the tree.A. herB. itsC. itsD. hers25. The sun makes _ day and night.A. itsB. weC. ourD. ours.26. Ive forgotten my bread.Never mind, you can have _ .A. some of usB. us someC. some of oursD. some of our27. Two sisters of _ help us with our English.A. himB. hisC. heD. hes29. Lily and Bill want to see it _ .A. theirselvesB. themselves C. himselfD. themself30. We had better ask the secretary _ .A. hisB. himC. himselfD. themselves31. We met his grandma _ .A. himselfB. hersC. herselfD. her1. If you need money, Ill lend you _ .A. oneB. someC. anyD. those2. The pen Im writing with is different from _ .A. that onesB. that oneC. that onesD. those one3. I remember _ word he said that day.A. allB. noneC. bothD. every4. Does he study physics or chemistry ? He studies _ .A. eitherB. neitherC. noneD .all5. Does he study English or Russian ? He studies _ .A. bothB. allC. eitherD. none6. There are several windows in the room. The _ face south.A. bothB. allC. everyD. either7. Do you have _ to say at the meeting?A. something importantB. anything importantC. important somethingD. important anything8. Ive had enough bread, would you like _ ?A. one moreB. some moreC. any muchD. another more9. _ wore what she liked best.A. Each of the womenB. Each of the womanC. Each of womenD. Each the women16. Have you any books on cooking? Id like to borrow _ .A. itB. thatC. thisD. one18. Is this your coat? No, mine is _.A. one blueB. a blue one19. If you need money,Ill lend you _ .A. oneB. itC. thoseD. some.20. Have you found the pen you lost yesterday ?A. one B. the one C. onesD. it22. Put _ bread on the table; we need _ more.A. any, someB. some, anyC. some, someD. any, any23. There isnt _ work for us to do.A. someB. any24. He remembers having read about it in _ .A. any storybookB. some storybook25. I have _ important to tell you.A. somethingB. anything数 词1. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 2. Both of the rules are broken. I want to buy a _ one. A. three B. third C. forth D. /3). - Which is the smallest number of the four? - _. A. Two- thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths4). Please write down the new words in the text of _. A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh1. _ of people in the world are sending information by E-mail ever day. A. Many million B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millions2. About _ of the surface of the earth _ covered with water. A. three quarter, is B. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. three quarter, are 3. It will take _ time to finish the work. A. one and a half years B. a year and half C. one and a half years D. a year and halfs4- How long will your stay here ?、 -For _ . A. one and two days B. one and two day C. a day or two D. one or two day5When he moved to Germany in _ , he was already in _ . A. the fifties; his sixties B. fifties; his sixties C. the fifties; his sixty D. fifty; sixty6My brother lives in _ on _ floor. A. six Room ;second