江苏省赣榆县智贤中学高中英语 unit1 Grammar and usage教案 牛津译林版选修9.doc

unit 1 other countries, other culturesgrammar and usageafter reviewing the attributive clause, students will be able to identify the clause in a sentence and apply it in different situations. in this teaching period, students are expected to establish a clear understanding of the clause and fulfill some exercises. teaching procedures:step 1 general introduction 1. introduce the adverbial clause to students as follows:attributive clauses are like adjectives and there are two kinds of themrestrictive and non-restrictive. some relative pronouns and relative adverbs can be used to lead the attributive clause.2. generally review the functions of relative pronouns and adverbs used in the attributive clause.relative pronounswho, whom, which, that, as, whoserelative adverbswhere, when, why3. get students to compare the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses. typerestrictive attributive clausenon-restrictive attributive clauseexamplehe has two sons who work in the same company. he has two sons, who work in the same company.explanationperhaps he has more than two sons.he has only two sons.step 2 review of the attributive clause1. help students compare that and which used in attributive clauses by completing the following sentences.1) do you have anything _ you dont understand?2) the only thing _ we can do is to give you some advice.3) who is the man _ is standing there?4) her bag, in _ she put all her money, has been stolen.5) she heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.answers:1) that 2) that 3) that 4) which 5) which2. ask students to deal with the attributive clauses beginning with “prep. + which / whom”.1) do you know the boy _ your mother is talking?2) he gave me some novels _ i am not very familiar.3) i still remember the day _ i first got to paris.4) do you like the book _ she paid $10?5) he built a telescope _ he could study the skies.answers:1) to whom 2) with which 3) on which 4) for which 5). through which 3. ask students to learn the usage of where in attributive clauses. “where” can be used to not only refer to a place, but also to represent a situation. therefore, “where” can be used after such words as point, situation, part, case and condition.can you tell me the office where he works? ive come to the point where i cant stand him.the country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.4. ask students to learn the usage of as in attributive clauses. (1) compare the following sentences:it is known to all that having a good knowledge of vocabulary is basic to language learning.as is known to all, having a good knowledge of vocabulary is basic to language learning.(2) point out that “as” can be used at the beginning of a sentence to refer to the main clause.there are some set phrases with “as”: as anybody can see as we had expected as often happens as is mentioned above .(3) “as” can be used in restrictive attributive clauses in the form of “suchas, soas, the sameas”. compare the following sentences.it is such a big stone that nobody can lift it. (an adverbial clause)it is such a big stone as nobody can lift. (an attributive clause)5. ask students to review the structure of “the way + attributive clause”. understand the difference between the following sentences.the way that/ in which/不填he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. the way that/ which/不填 he explained to us was quite simple.step 3 practice1. (2007江苏) he was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to beijing university.a. after which b. after that c. in which d. in that2. (2008江苏) the science museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to britain, is one of londons tourist attractions.a. which b. whatc. thatd. where3. (2008湖南) the growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control.a. most of them b. most of which c. most of what d. most of that4. (2008四川) for many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ new york is an example.a. for which b. in which c. of which d. from which5. (2008上海) we went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.a. whichb. whosec. in whichd. with which6. (2008全国) the road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.a. it b. what c. which d. that7. (2008陕西) the man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds.a. the hands of whom b. whom the hands ofc. which the hands of d. the hands of which8. (2008北京) ill give you your friends home address, _ i can be reached most evenings.a. which b. when c. whom d. whereanswers:1. a 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. c 6. c 7. d 8. d step 4 consolidationask students to deal with some multiple choices about the three types of clauses.1. occasions are quite rare _ i have the time to spend a day with my kids. (2008山东)a. who b. which c. whyd. when2. i used to love that film _ i was a child, but i dont feel it that way any more. (2008辽宁)a. onceb. when c. sinced. although3. im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ brian get back. (2008北京)a. before b. since c. till d. after4. yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. (2008浙江)a. whom b. where c. that d. which5. well have a picnic in the park this sunday _ it rains or its very cold. (2008天津)a. since b. if c. unless d. until6. the companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. (2008北京)a. which b. that c. what d. who7. they will fly to washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days. (2008重庆)a. where b. there c. which d. when8. did you return freds call?i didnt need to _ ill see him tomorrow. (2008北京)a. though b. unless c. when d. because9. when asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. (2008湖南)a. what b. why c. whom d. which10. later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (2008江西)a. where b. when c. who d. whichanswers:1. d 2. b 3. a 4. d 5. c 6. c 7. a 8. d 9. a 10. astep 5 homeworktranslate the following sentences.1. 我们在做出任何决定之前，应该听一听其他人的意见。2. 她放弃了工作，以便能照顾两个孩子。3. 他们正在花园里玩，突然听到一声尖叫。4. 在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。5. 结果天气很好，这出乎我们的意料。 answers:1. before we made any decision, we should listen to what the others say.2. she gave up her job in order that she could take care of the two children.3. they were playing in the garden when they heard a scream. 4. in the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.5. the weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 定语从句1. women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. (2006北京)a. who; 不填 b. who; 不填 c. who; who d. 不填；不填2. the owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. (2006江苏)a. who b. that c. as d. which3. i was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk i _ to half a dozen other groups. (2006湖南) a. was giving b. am giving c. had given d. have given4. we saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses. (2006湖南)a. to which b. to whom c. with whom d. with which5. the beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from liverpool. (2006天津)a. a. what b. that c. how d. as6. i was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ chinese in the school, most _ were from germany. (2006辽宁)a. study; of whom b. study; of them c. studying; of them d. studying; of whom7. where did you get to know her? it was on the farm _ we worked. (2007山东)a. that b. there c. which d. where 8. we shouldnt spent our