（江苏专用）高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 The written word讲义 牛津译林版选修8.doc

unit 1 the written word话题词汇1.literature n.文学2.mystery story怪诞小说3.science fiction科幻小说4.writing career写作生涯5.come out/be published出版6.attend school上学 7.drop out辍学8.be translated into.被翻译为9.adapt.for.把改编为10.the nobel prize in literature诺贝尔文学奖经典语篇根据提示用英语介绍二十世纪杰出的女性之一：海伦凯勒(helen keller)。内容要点如下：1.海伦凯勒：1880年6月出生于美国。她19个月大时，由于生病变得又聋又盲。从此她就生活在黑暗、寂静的世界里。2.七岁时，她的父母给她找了一名老师miss sullivan。miss sullivan在教海伦的过程中遇到了许多困难。由于海伦的坚强意志和智慧以及miss sullivan的技巧和耐心，她们克服了种种困难，取得了成功。3.她完成了大学教育，获得了英语文学学位；致力于盲聋儿童的社会工作；著有多本著作，其中我的一生(the story of my life)最为著名。注意：1.介绍须包括所有内容要点，但不要逐条翻译；2.可以适当增加细节，以使内容连贯；3.词数150左右。参考词汇：意志和智慧will and intelligence；技巧和耐心skill and patience；英语文学学位a degree in english literature佳作欣赏helen keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century. she was born in america in june,1880. when she was nineteen months old，she became blind and deaf because of a serious illness.from then on she lived in darkness and silence.her parents were greatly worried.when she was seven，they found a teacher，miss sullivan，for her.miss sullivan had a lot of difficulties in teaching helen keller，who was blind and deaf.with helens strong will and intelligence，combined with her teachers skill and patience，they overcame all the difficulties. helen keller became an able student and graduated from a college.she finally received a university degree in english literature.later on she devoted all herself to helping the blind and deaf children.she wrote many books and the story of my life is a remarkable one.思维发散1.用分词结构连接第、句born in america in june,1880，helen keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century.2.用强调句型改写第句it was with helens strong will and intelligence，combined with her teachers skill and patience，that they overcame all the difficulties.3.用非限制性定语从句改写第句she wrote many books, among which the story of my life is a remarkable one.重点单词a.写作单词1.abuse (vt.& n.)虐待；辱骂；滥用2.vain (adj.) 虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的3.violence (n.) 暴力，暴行 4.rescue (n.& vt.) 救援，营救5.reputation (n.) 名声，名誉6.desperate (adj.)铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要，渴望desperately (adv. )拼命地，绝望地7. tension (n.)紧张气氛；紧张，烦躁；矛盾，对立tense (adj.)令人紧张的；神经紧张的；绷紧的，不松弛的8.generous (adj.)慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的generously (adv.) 慷慨地；大方地generosity (n.) 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量9. violent (adj.)暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的violence (n.)暴力，暴行10. resist(vi.& vt.) 反抗，抵制，抵挡resistant (adj.) 抵制的；抵抗的；有抵抗力的resistance (n.) 反对，抵制，抵抗11. threat (n.) 威胁，恐吓threaten (vt.) 威胁，恐吓12.intend (vt.& vi.) 打算，计划，想要intention (n.) 意图，目的；打算intentional (adj.)故意的，蓄意的intentionally (adv.) 故意地，蓄意地b.阅读单词13.poetry (n.)诗歌14.fiction (n.)小说；虚构的事 15.chapter (n.)(书的)章，篇，回；时期，时代16.twist (n.)转折，转变17.plot (n.)故事情节；阴谋，密谋18.rigid (adj.)死板的，僵化的，固执的19.civil (adj.)有教养的，有礼貌的20.theme (n.)主题，主题思想；主题音乐21.millionaire (n.)百万富翁22.vice (n.)恶行，恶习，罪恶23.reform (vt.& vi.& n.)(使)改过自新，改造24.envelope (n.)信封25.spit (vt.& vi.)吐唾沫(表示愤怒或鄙视)26.chest (n.)胸部，胸膛27.rag (n.)破布，破衣服；抹布28.debt (n.)债务，欠款29.holy (adj.)神圣的，圣洁的30.monument (n.)纪念碑；纪念馆；纪念塑像；古迹31.adore (vt.)热爱，喜爱，爱慕32.paragraph (n.)段落33.spring (vi.)突然出现；跳，蹦；(n.)春天，春季34.characteristic (n.)特征，特点；(adj.)典型的，独特的，特有的character (n.) (书写或印刷)文字，符号；人物；性格，特点35.novelist (n.)小说家novel (n.)小说36.criminal (n.)罪犯；(adj.)犯罪的，犯法的；刑法的，刑事的crime (n.)罪，罪行37.reunite (vt.& vi.) (使)重逢，再相聚；(使)再结合，再联合unite (vi.& vt.)联合，团结；统一united (adj.)联合的，团结的；统一的.重点短语1.have nothing to do with与无关2.come out出版，发行；结果为3.at a time一次4.be set in以为背景5.be bent on (doing) sth.决心做某事(通常指坏事)6.on the run躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波7.live up to达到，符合(期望)8.worn out破烂不堪的，废旧的；筋疲力尽的9.come to ones rescue救援某人，帮助某人10.touch on谈及，涉及11.be intended to be/do sth.目的是作为某物/目的是做某事12.o.把分成13.compare.to.把比作14.in tune音调准确；演奏合调.经典句式1.this makes them difficult for some people to read，so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.这使得一些人读起它们来很困难，因此它们经常被搁置在书架上，积满了灰尘。2.，but joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to pip.，但乔却是一个善良淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。3.oliver gets arrested by the police and is taken to court.奥利弗被警察抓住并被带到法庭上。4.up it flew，higher and higher，until it was a small dot in the sky.它越飞越高，直到在空中变成一个小点。1make a vain attempt/effort徒劳的尝试/努力in vain 徒劳地；无意义地try in vain to do sth.枉费心机地做某事(1)she is a vain woman.她是个虚荣的女人。(2)we made a vain attempt to make him change his mind.我们想让他改变主意，但都是白费工夫。(3)all the polices efforts to find him were in vain.警察想尽各种各样的办法要找到他，但是所有的努力都是徒劳的。(4)they tried in vain to persuade him to give up smoking.他们极力劝说他戒烟，但枉费了一番口舌。 多维训练(1)完成句子成功后，他变得自负起来。after his success, he became vain.我们所有的努力都付之东流了，也就是说我们又失败了。all our efforts were in vain；that is to say，we failed again.(2)it was too hard for the firefighters to get close to the burning building.all their attempts to rescue the people trapped were .a.in place b.in returnc.in vain d.in danger答案c解析句意为：对于消防员来说接近燃烧的大楼太难了。所有营救被困人员的努力都是徒劳的。in place 在适当的位置，就绪；in return作为回报；in vain徒劳；in danger在危险中。2应试指导后跟非谓语动词的考查(1)resist the temptation抵制诱惑resist doing抵制做cant resist/help doing.忍不住做(2)resistance n.抵抗，反抗(3)resistant adj.有抵抗力的be resistant to耐的；对有抵抗力的(1)many young people could not resist the spiritual pollution.许多年轻人不能抵制精神污染。(2)seeing your picture，i couldnt resist thinking of the days which we spent together.看到这幅画，我不禁想起了我们一起度过的日子。(3)apart from its low cost，the appeal of iron as a building material lies in its strength，its resistance to fire，and its potential to span vast areas.除了它的低成本以外，铁作为一种建筑材料的吸引力还在于它的强度，它的耐火性以及它被广泛使用的潜力。(4)my boss was very resistant to my proposal at first but she finally broke down and accepted my idea.我的老板一开始对我的建议很抵触，但是最后她还是妥协了，接受了我的观点。 多维训练(1)用resist的适当形式填空as we all know，vegetables contain various vitamins，which can build up our resistance to colds and flu.however，many children resist eating vegetables，thus making them less resistant to all kinds of diseases.(2)the flu virus seems to be to medicine，for i have taken medicine for a whole week，but i am still suffering from a bad cold.a.limited b.resistantc.opposite d.contrary答案b解析limited有限的；resistant有抵抗力的；opposite相反的；contrary相对的，相反的。根据下文的信息“吃了一个星期的药，但是感冒还没有康复”可知，上文表示“这种流感病毒对药产生了抗药性”，因此b项符合句意。3应试指导be intended/designed/meant forintend to do/doing sth.打算做某事intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事be intended for/to do.旨在，预定用途；为打算的had intended to do. intended to have done.本打算做intentionally adv.有意地，故意地intention n.意图，目的；打算with the intention of抱有目的，打算(1)theyve made the mistake again，though they didnt intend to.尽管他们不想，他们还是又犯了这个错误。(2)those chairs are intended for the disabled.那些椅子是专给残疾人使用的。(3)the international agreement，intended to help people kick the habit of smoking，was signed on february 27.旨在帮助人们戒除吸烟习惯的国际协议在2月27日签订了。(4)ben has not the least intention of giving up his research.本丝毫没有放弃研究的意图。多维训练(1)用intend的适当形式填空two days later after a quarrel with him，i intended to make up with him.with the intention，i called him to say sorry，adding that i didnt want to hurt him intentionally.to my joy，he finally accepted my apology，and we were friends again.(2)同义句改写peter had intended to take a job in business，but abandoned that plan after the unpleasant experience in canada in 2010.(用不定式的完成式改写)peter intended to have taken a job in business，but abandoned that plan after the unpleasant experience in canada in 2010.the green map is intended for travelers，so it sells well.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)intended for travelers，the green map sells well.(3)jane，i was told that you were going to speak at the meeting yesterday!yeah，i to，but time did not permit.a.have intended b.was intendingc.intended d.had intended答案d解析由答语可知，本来昨天我打算在会上发言的，但时间不允许了。intend所表示的动作发生在did not permit所表示的动作之前，应用过去完成时，故选d。4应试指导过去分词作表语的用法(1)be/get bent out of shape 气坏，烦恼(2)表示“决心要做某事，决定做某事”的其他表达方式：decide to do sth.make a decision to do sth.make up ones mind to do sth.be determined to do sth.(1)the reason why she is bent on becoming an actress is still unknown to us all.我们不知道她一心想成为演员的原因。(2)no need to get all bent out of shape about going to see the professor.没必要对去见教授感到害怕。 (2015浙江) 多维训练(1)完成句子有一天，他做好充分准备后，决定参加一个工作面试。one day，he gathered up all his strength and decided to/made up his mind to/was determined to attend a job interview.乔伊斯一心想买一套新住房。joyce is bent on buying a new house.(2)he is mastering english.to learn it，he gets up early and goes to bed late every day.a.bent on b.bound toc.desperate to d.abundant in答案a解析be bent on doing sth.下定决心做某事，符合语境。be bound to do sth.注定要做某事；be desperate to do sth.渴望做某事；be abundant in富有。5应试指导 写作高级短语 live up to ones expectationslive with忍受，容忍；与住在一起live on.为主食；靠为生live through经历(艰难或险境)live by doing.靠做为生live/lead a.life过着的生活(1)i am sure that i can perfectly live up to your expectations.我确信我不会辜负你的期望。(2015陕西)(2)for a whole week we had to live on fish and chips.整整一个星期，我们只得以炸鱼加薯条为主食。(3)looking back，i dont know how i lived through those years.回顾往事，我真不知道那些年是怎样过来的。(4)the islanders live by fishing，so they value the waters around the island.岛上的居民靠捕鱼为生，因此他们重视岛四周的水域。多维训练(1)完成句子他所做的不符合他的声誉。what he did failed to live up to his reputation.如果她当年履行了自己的诺言，她就会进入耶鲁大学了。had she lived up to her promise，she would have made it to yale university.我建议大家每天多笑笑，开开心心地生活。i suggest all of us should smile every day，and live a happy life.(2)billy crystal hosted the academy awards again this year，and his performances always the expectation of most audience.a.put up with b.end up withc.live up to d.add up to答案c解析句意为：比利克里斯托今年再次主持了奥斯卡金像奖，他的表现总是不辜负大部分观众的期望。live up to 不辜负，达到，符合句意。put up with忍受；end up with以结束；add up to总计为。6多维训练(1)完成句子5小时的长时间旅程后，所有的旅客都精疲力竭，很想好好休息一下。after the 5hour long journey，all the tourists were burnt out and desperate to have a good rest.他渴望有个工作，以挣钱供养一个大家庭。he was desperate for work to provide for a large family.(2)the situation is becoming worse，and troops are needed to help send food into the areas where people are in need.a.appropriate b.desperatec.adequate d.abrupt答案b解析句意为：形势变得更糟糕了，需要军队帮助将食品送到那些人们急需的地区。appropriate 合适的；desperate 非常需要的，拼命的，极严重的；adequate 足够的；abrupt突然的，意外的。7多维训练(1)用适当的介词填空thats very generous of you.he is generous to the poor.the young man is generous with his money.(2)慷慨的行为会改变别人的生活或者只是给你充满爱意的温馨的感觉。acts of generosity can change lives or just give you that warm feeling full of love.(2015陕西)(3)he didnt selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle.instead，he made a contribution to help the community.a.commercial b.generousc.comparable d.profitable答案b解析句意为：他没有自私地将从叔叔那里继承来的钱据为己有，相反，他为帮助社区做出了慷慨的奉献。commercial商业的；generous大方的，慷慨的；comparable可比较的，比得上的；profitable 有利可图的。由句意知正确答案为b项。8多维训练(1)完成句子为了营救溺水的孩子，他献出了宝贵的生命。in order to rescue the drowning child，he lost his precious life.在全球气候峰会上，专家们呼吁人们拯救许多物种免于灭绝。at the global climate summit experts appealed to people to rescue many species from extinction.他紧紧抓住一根树枝直到我们赶来救他。he got a firm hold of a branch until we came to his rescue.(2)this is the best way they have thought of the miners.a.rescuing；burying b.to rescue；buriedc.to rescue；burying d.rescuing；buried答案b解析句意为：这是他们所想出的营救被埋矿工的最好的办法。此句中way后跟了两个定语，一个是定语从句they have thought of；另一个是非谓语动词形式。way后面的定语既可用不定式也可用“ofv.ing形式”，因此可排除a、d两项；另外， miners与bury之间为动宾关系，所以应用过去分词buried作定语。9多维训练(1)完成句子季羡林因古汉语方面的研究而全国闻名。ji xianlin earned a nationwide reputation for his research in ancient chinese.他的作品不负盛名。his works lived up to his reputation.空想家因对周围发生的事情并不关心而有着不好的口碑。(2015北京)daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them.(2)mr.anderson is popular with his students，for he is kind，strict and knowledgeable.no wonder he has such a good .a.reputation b.traditionc.preference d.presentation答案a解析由句中第一个人所说的：因为和蔼、要求严格、知识渊博而深受学生欢迎应该是声望高的原因。reputation声望，名望；tradition传统；preference 偏爱；presentation陈述。no wonder he has such a good reputation.难怪他有这么好的声誉。10多维训练用适当的介词填空(1)bigger changes are possible in the long run.(2)when the police arrived he made a run for the door.(3)i had to eat lunch on the run.(4)jack set off at a run.(5)lets go for a run across the fields.11多维训练(1)完成句子那个问题他们根本没有提到，更谈不上讨论了。they didnt even touch on that question，let alone discuss it.不幸的是宇航员与地面上的科学家失去了联系。unluckily the astronauts lost touch with the scientists on earth.这是跟他们保持联系的最好的方式了。its the best way to keep in touch with them.(2)guess what！i came across my primary school science teacher this morning， i have lost touch for almost 20 years.a.of which b.whenc.with whom d.who答案c解析句意为：你猜怎么了，我今天早上遇到了小学科学老师，我和他几乎20年没有联系了。这里是定语从句，先行词是my primary school science teacher，定语从句中使用了词组lose touch with sb.所以缺少介词with和关系代词whom，故选c。12this makes them difficult for some people to read，so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.这使得一些人读起它们来很困难，因此它们经常被搁置在书架上，积满了灰尘。该句型中，宾语补足语主要由名词、形容词、介词、不带to的不定式和过去分词等充当。当宾语比较长时，常常用“makeit宾补宾语”这一结构，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语或that引导的宾语从句。(1)the movie made her a star.那部电影使她成了明星。(2)she made it her business to find out who was responsible.她一定要查清楚到底该谁负责。(3)he made it clear that he objected.她明确表示反对。多维训练(1)用所给词的适当形式填空people who wont work should be made to work(work).they tried to make their voice heard (hear) in the hubbub (喧闹).our praises made her feel (feel) proud.(2)new technologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.a.that b.thisc.one d.it答案d解析句意为：新科技使得更快速更低廉地推出新产品成为可能。考查句型“make itadj.to do.”，其中it是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语。(3)he made himself in spite of his english.a.understand；brokenb.understand；breaking c.understood；brokend.understood；breaking答案c解析make himself understood让别人理解他；broken english 蹩脚的英语。13pips sister often abuses him，but joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to pip.皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个善良、淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。(1)would rather do.than do.宁愿也不愿(2)“would rather动词原形”是英语中常见的一个句式，意为“宁可；宁愿；最好”。后接宾语从句时，从句谓语用虚拟语气：表示一个现在或将来的愿望，谓语用一般过去时；表示一个过去的愿望，谓语用过去完成时。(3)other than除了，除以外，常用于否定句中，相当于except，but等。(4)rather than 宁可也不；而不是；与其倒不如，用于连接两个并列成分。(5)prefer to do.rather than do.宁愿而不愿(6)or rather更确切地说 (1)id rather work in the countryside.我宁可在农村工作。(2)in no country，other than britain，it has been said，can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.据说除了英国，没有一个国家的人在一天中会经历四个季节。(3)the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people.这个问题应该由政府处理而不是普通百姓。(4)i met him very late on friday night，or rather，early saturday morning.我在星期五晚上很晚见到了他，更确切地说是在星期六早晨早些时候。多维训练(1)用所给词的适当形式填空the boy prefers to play(play) rather than study (study).id rather you came(come) tomorrow.(2)同义句转换i prefer watching tv at home to going to the cinema.i would rather watch tv at home than go to the cinema.(3)della burst out crying at the news，but i meant no harm.id rather you her about it.a.didnt tell b.havent toldc.hadnt told d.wouldnt tell答案c解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：德拉听到这个消息突然大哭起来，可我不是故意的。我真希望你没有告诉她这个消息。id rather在接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语要用虚拟语气形式，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟故用过去完成时。(4) does shelley like shopping?well，she would rather spend time at home than in the street.a.read；wanderb.reading；wanderc.in reading；to wanderd.reading；to wander答案b解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：谢莉喜欢购物吗？哦，她情愿花时间在家阅读也不愿去街上闲逛。spend time (in) doing sth.花时间做某事，又由“would rather do.than do.”可知后一空填动词原形，故选b项。微写作写作素材(关于文学作品)1.这位小说家写了很多小说和诗歌。2.在他的作品中，他呼吁人们加强团结，抵制暴力，对他人慷慨，对未来不要绝望。3.他的作品给人们全新的感受。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)the novelist wrote a lot of fictions and poetry.in his works，he appealed to the people to strengthen unity，resist violence，be generous to others and not to be desperate for the future.his works gave people a brand new feeling.单项填空1.its shame to cheat at an examination，for you have reputation for being honest.a.a；/ b./；/c.a；a d./；a答案c解析句意为：考试中作弊是一件可耻的事，因为你有诚实的好名声。两空均表示泛指，故选c。2.did you go to taylor swifts concert last night?i would rather i .but i was preparing a report for my boss.a.did b.hadc.would d.might答案b解析考查虚拟语气及省略。根据答句的时态可知是对过去的虚拟，故用过去完成时。句子补充完整为：i would rather i had gone to taylor swifts concert last night.3.thank god youre safe!i stepped back，just to avoid the racing car.a.in time b.in casec.in need d.in vain答案a解析考查短语辨析。in time to do sth.(in time for doing sth.)及时做某事。4.some travellers are still trapped in the heavy snow，though most are reported by the police .a.to be rescued b.to be rescuingc.to have rescued d.to have been rescued答案d解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：一些游客仍被困在大雪中，尽管据警方报道大部分都已经被营救出来了。sb.be reported 这一结构后接动词不定式；题中most指前文的travellers，与rescue构成被动关系，故用动词不定式的被动式，且营救发生于报道之前，所以应该为完成式，故选d。5.it was that we tried to make him change his mind.a.paid off b.in vainc.took off d.in effect答案b解析pay off 付清；in vain 徒劳地；take off 起飞，脱衣；in effect实际上，有效。句意为：我们尽力使他改变想法，但一切都是徒劳地。6.your aunt invites you to the movies today.i would rather she me tomorrow than today.a.tells b.toldc.would tell d.had told答案b解析would rather (that) sb.did sth.(对现在或将来的虚拟)，从句谓语一般用过去时，意为“宁愿，还是 好些”。7.his remark was considered to be quite ，because it deepened the gap between two parties and caused more conflicts.a.out of place b.out of mindc.out of question d.out of order答案a解析out of place不恰当的，不相称的；out of mind发疯，不想；out of question毫