专四语法专题讲座一.doc

专四语法专题讲座（一）不定式考点1. 带to 动词不定式做宾语2. 跟不带to 动词不定式的常用动词和结构bad better would rather would sooner than rather than may well do, may as well do , cant but cant help but + do do nothing (anything everything ) but (except) + do all, what only first one least do + do what I have to do is take a rest.The only thing I could do was study hared by myself.And, than, or except but Id like to stay with you, help you and learn form you.She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back.To try and fail is better than not to try at all.He hasnt decided whether to quit or to stay.t3. 可用不定式做宾语的常见动词4. 不定式的否定形式5. 不定式的进行式6. 不定式的完成式7. be +动词不定式结构8. 动词+疑问词+带to 的不定式结构中不定式做宾语9. 不定式的特殊句型 such as to, so.as to 和so as to10. only to +动词原形11. 不定式的复合结构做主语后置特别提醒不定式作主语不定式作表语不定式作定语不定式作状语做独立成分的不定式to begin with, to tell you the truth, to be honest, to put it anther way to be frank with you.1. I dont like _ bills but when I do get them I like _ them promptly.A. to get, payingB. getting, to payC. to get, to payD. getting, paying只能跟不定式做宾语的常用动词， 这一类动词往往表示请求、要求、选择、决定、打算、同意等。 Afford agree aim appear arrange bother believeCare choose claim come consent dare decideDemand desire determine decline expect elect endeavorFail hesitate offer happen help hope intend Seek learn long mean manage neglect tendTry pledge plan prepare pretend promise wishRefuse seem swear undertake volunteer waitI endeavored to compose myself when I met with a car accident yesterday.He prefers _.A. to write his letters rather than dictating them.B. To 记牢下面54个可用于“动词+宾语+不定式”表“指示，愿望，感觉”等的动词：Advise allow appoint believe cause challenge commandCompel consider declare drive enable encourage findForbid force guess get hire imagine impelInduce inform instruct invite judge know likeOrder permit persuade remind report request requireSelect send state suppose tell think trainTrust understand urge warn ask beg expectIntend pretend say teach want Did you intend us to use the 某些动词如 arrange for, call on, care for, count on, count upon, depend upon, long for, prepare for, prevail upon, rely on, vote for, wait for 等后面也可以跟宾语加不定式的复合结构表示心里状态的动词象 consider, declare, find, prove, think, know, believe, discover, feel(=think), imagine, judge, pretend, suppose, understand 等词的宾语补足语不定式一般是to be 或动词的完成时态）既可以构成“动词+不定式”，又可以构成“动词+宾语+不定式”的动词有：Ask, beg, choose, expect hate help intend wishLike love need prefer prepare promise wantShe wishes to succeed in her chosen career.May well do, may as well do cannt but cant help but would sooner .thanDo nothing but(except ) do The only thing I could do was study hard by myself.What I have to do is take a rest. To try and fail is better than not to try at all.He hasnt decided whether to quit or to stay.To be or not to be, that is the question.Not Never hardly seldom +to do +to do I would rather read than watch TV : the programs seem to be becoming worse all the time.To +be ving He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.You are supposed to be studying hard for the exam.They are reported to be building another bridge across the river.To +have +vedBroad daylight The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday.She feels relaxed to have finished her paper before the deadline.She seems to have heard about this bad news.To +have been doing They are very happy to have been cooperating harmoniously with us till now.The students are said to have been talking heatedly about this issue.They are said to have been working here on this for more than .“动词+疑问词+带 to 的动词不定式”结构中不定式做宾语可用于此结构的常见动词为:Advise consider decide discuss explain find out forgetHear inquire know learn regard remember seeSettle show teach tell think understand wonder有时,为强调不定式的行为属性，可用“It is+形容词+for somebody +不定式 ”句型。静态形容词多用于此句型，常见的形容词和结构有：Easy difficult hard important possible impossible betterNecessary comfortable not enough essential the first the next The last the best too little为强调人物的性格和特征，则采用“It is +形容词+of somebody+不定式 ”句型。动态形容词多用于此句型，常见的有：Kind nice stupid rude cleaver foolish thoughtfulThoughtless brave considerate silly selfish careless Impolite good naughty bold honest sensible unwiseWrong right bad It is not uncommon for there _ problems of communication between the oold and the young.a. beingb. would bec. be d. to bethe opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _ for that.a. for us to be preparedb. that we are preparedc. of us to be preparedd. our being preparedit is quite necessary for you to review your lessons carefully before the examinit is quite important for us to read good books during the period of for + there to be would you like there to be a meeting to discuss this problem?Its a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.I expect there to be no argument about this.特殊结构： such as to, soas to his remarks were _ annoy everyone at the meeting.a. so as tob. such as toc. suchd. as much as tohis strong sense of humor was _ make everyone in the room bursts our laughing.a. so as tob. such as toc so thatd. such thatwho could be so mean as to do a thing like this?His story was such as to deceive everyone.So as to He kept silent about the accident so as not to lose this job.he took another way so as to get thiere on time.TootoIts never too late to mend.Only all but +too : very Im all too pleased to be able to help you.He was but too eager to get home.He is too wise not to see that.Too + glad pleased happy delighted satisfied ready willing kind good true easy near careful, well early delicious eager anxious too=very They are too anxious too leave/He is too ready to help others. Cant You cant be too careful.There are too many problems to be solved.Only to+ The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _ by the police each time.a. had been captured b. being always capturedc. only to be captured d. unfortunately captured.She hurried to the station only to find the train had left.He searched the room only to find nothing.She turned up the drive way only to find her way blocked.I come here only to say good to you A：1. The green turtle has been known _ over 2,000 miles to return to a nesting site.A. in the navigatingB. the navigationC. to navigateD. navigation2. John admitted that its always difficult _.A. for him being on timeB. being on time for himC. for him to be on timeD. on time for him3. We refuse _ that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of this nation.A. to believeB. to be believedC. believingD. have believed4. Astronauts can be affected by loneliness for they have to sit in the spacecraft for weeks with very little _ and no one _.A. to do to talkB. doing. to talk toC. to do to talk toD. doing .to talk 5. The flexibility of film allows the artist _ unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.A. do bringB. bringingC. is broughtD. brings6. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbedB. to have been robbedC. being robbedD. having been robbed7. The director of this organization must know _.a) to manage money, sell his product and be able to satisfy stockholders.b) Managing money, selling, and be able to satisfy the stockholdersc) How to manage money, sell his product and satisfy stockholders.d) Money management, selling and being able to satisfy the stockholders.8. Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort _ her?A. pleaseB. pleasedC. to pleaseD. having pleased9. The ancient Egyptians are supposed _ rockets to the moon.A. to sendB. to have sentC. to be sendingD. to have been sending10. Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes, I still was not able to find a chair _.A. to sitB. for to sit onC. to sit onD. for sitting11. _ pure lead, the lead ore is mined, then melted, and finally refined.A. obtainingB. being obtainedC. to obtain D. it is obtained12. When they met, Leonardo and his enemy were fighting _.A. killed each otherB. killing each otherC. to be killed each otherD. to kill each other13. _ “Youve been taking a lot of nice photographs.”_ “Thanks. Im considering _ a professional photographer.” A. becomingB. about becomeC. to becomeD. over becoming14. The students were to _ at the auditorium before 1:30 p.m. , but the lecture was cancelled at the last minute.A. assembledB. have assembledC. assemblingD. be assembled 15. Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem _ all the time.A. to get worseB. to be getting worseC. to have got worseD. getting worse16. He was to _ the new ambassador, but he fell ill.A. having telephonedB. has telephonedC. have telephonedD. telephoning17. For twelve years, Spanish censorship did not allow Lorcas name _ or his works _.A. to mention. To be publishedB. to be mentioned. to publishC. being mentioned being publishedD. to be mentioned to be published18. Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed _ blown off the mountain.A. to have beenB. to be C. that it wasD. that it had been19. _ that new information to anyone else but the sergeant.A. they asked him not to giveB. they asked him to dont giveC. they asked him no giveD. they asked him to no give20. Lots of empty bottles were found under the old mans bed. He must have done nothing but _.A. drinkB. to drinkC. drinkingD. drunkB：1. It _ to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even afford elementary education.A. pains herB. makes her painC. is painingD. is pained2. The electric shaver _ before it an be used.A. needs repairingB. should be in repairC. has to be repairableD. ought to repair3. After a long journey on a holiday, one often feels _.A. exhaustiveB. exhaustingC. exhaustD. exhausted4. By the end of next month we _ this assignment.A. will finishB. will be finishingC. will have finishedD. have finished5. I happened _ with her when she was hit by a basketball and collapsed.A. talksB. to talkC. to be talkingD. having talked6. Its high time you _ a rest.A. haveB. hadC. are havingD. should have7. My father always talks as though he _ a public meeting.A. addressesB. addressedC. is addressingD. were addressing8. _ his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.A. but forB. according toC. for all D. than