我国磷化工产业发展面临的形势及发展策略.doc

Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer【论 坛】我国磷化工产业发展面临的形势及发展策略匡国明(贵州省化学工业协会, 贵州 贵阳 550002)摘 要 针对我国磷化工产业发展现状及存在的问题, 特别是面临国际硫磷资源价格攀升的严峻形势, 提出目前我国磷化工发展的相应策略是:发展精细磷化工; 走热法磷酸的技术路线; 注意发展磷化工产业的循环经济, 节能减排, 提高竞争力; 开发磷石膏的综合利用; 开发利用低品位磷矿不用硫酸生产磷酸的方法(窑法磷酸)关键词 中国; 磷化工产业; 发展形势; 发展策略中图分类号 TQ126.3+5; TQ442 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0001-04The current situation and tactics for development of phosphorus chemical industry in ChinaKUANG Guo-ming(Chemical Industry Association of Guizhou Province，Guiyang，Guizhou 550002，China)Abstract: According to the present situation and existing problems of phosphorus chemical industry in China, especially facing the increasing price of sulfur and phosphorus resources, the development strategy of phosphorus chemical industry in China is proposed, including developing fine phosphorus chemical industry; keeping the technical route of thermal-process phosphoric acid; improving the competitiveness of phosphorus chemical industry by developing the circular economy, energy-saving and exhaust-reducing; developing the comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum; studying on the method for producing phosphate acid using low grade phosphate rock without sulfuric acid (kiln-process phosphoric acid).Key words: China; phosphorus chemical industry; development situation; development strategy云南磷复肥工业现状与前景陶俊法(云南省磷化工协会, 云南 昆明 650041)摘 要 总结20002007年云南硫酸磷肥产能产量增长情况, 提出云南磷复肥工业20082012年的发展前景云南磷复肥工业的总产能已接近饱和, 今后发展重点将是:对磷矿资源实行保护性开发; 对现有大中型装置进行有效的“节能减排”技术改造; 推进大型企业集团内外物流系统的管理创新; 构建“矿酸肥化结合”, 发展湿法饲料级和工业级磷酸盐类产品 预测2010年左右, 硫酸产能达到1 445万t/a, 磷肥产能达到488.78万t/a(折纯)关键词 云南省; 硫酸; 磷复肥工业; 现状; 前景中图分类号 TQ 442.7074; TQ111.1.7074 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0005 -03The present status and outlook for phosphatic compound fertilizer industry in Yunnan provinceTAO Jun-fa(Phosphorus Chemical Industry Association of Yunnan Province，Kunming, Yunnan 650041, China)Abstract: The outlook for phosphatic compound fertilizer industry during the period of 20082012 in Yunnan province is proposed according to the increasing capacities and outputs of sulfuric acid and phosphate fertilizer in 20002007 in the province. As overall production capacity of phosphatic compound fertilizer industry in Yunnan province is approached to maximum, future direction will be protective exploitage on phosphorous resource; effective reform on the existing large and middle scale plant aiming at energy-saving and exhausts-reducing; promotion on management innovation of the logistic system of the large enterprise group at home and abroad construction of “combination of phosphorus rock, sulfuric acid, chemical fertilizer and chemicals” and development of wet feed-grade and industrial-grade phosphates products. It is predicted that production capacities of sulfuric acid and phosphate fertilizer will be 14 450 kt/a and 4 887.8 kt/a (in 100%P2O5) in 2010, respectively.Key words: Yunnan province; sulfuric acid; phosphatic compound fertilizer industry; current situation; prospect世界农业与经济变化,化肥及硫磺供需状况发展趋势与展望修学峰(中国磷肥工业协会, 北京 100011)摘 要 化肥与农业经济形势息息相关, 自2007年以来, 化肥市场发生了巨大变化, 影响了硫磺等原材料价格及市场供求关系 根据FAO(世界粮农组织)IFA(国际肥料协会)Shell(加拿大壳牌公司)FRC(Fertecon研究中心)有关文章, 对世界农业与经济变化化肥及硫磺供需状况及未来几年的发展趋势进行了分析关键词 世界农业; 经济; 生物燃料; 硫磺; 化肥; 供需形势中图分类号 F 113; TQ 44; TQ 111.14 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0008-03The trend and prospect for supply and demand of fertilizer and sulfur in cope with the change of world agriculture and economyXIU Xue-feng(Chinese Phosphate Fertilizer Industry Association, Beijing 100011, China)Abstract: The fertilizer is closely linked with the agriculture and economy situations, the great change in chemical fertilizer market influences raw material price, supply and demand relationship of sulfur since 2007. According to the relevant articles of FAO, IFA, Shell, FRC, the world agriculture and economy changes, supply and demand situation, development tendency of fertilizer and sulfur are analyzed.Key words: world agriculture; economy; biofuel; sulfur; fertilizer; supply and demand situation【研究与开发】磷资源加工研究进展: 1.高硅低品位磷矿的湿法浸取流程刘代俊, 江成发, 余 静, 杨 军, 徐程浩, 陈 伟(四川大学 化工学院 四川省磷化学与工程重点实验室, 四川 成都 610065)摘 要 针对磷矿资源贫化的问题, 介绍了高硅低品位磷矿湿法浸取的新型二水工艺(CWP)及其中的逆流萃取强化过程, 对工业化前景和效益进行了初步分析研究中用16% P2O5的矿可以获得22% P2O5的磷酸, 并可获得高质量的副产品磷石膏, 显示了较好的应用前景关键词 高硅低品位磷矿资源; 磷酸; 湿法浸取; 综合利用中图分类号 TQ126.3+5; TD 985 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0011-03Research progress on processing for phosphorus resource:1. Wet-process extraction of low grade phosphate rock with high silicon contentLIU Dai-jun, JIANG Cheng-fa, YU Jing, YANG Jun, XU Cheng-hao, CHEN Wei, (Sichuan Key Laboratory of Phosphorus Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China)Abstract: In view of the problem of depleting and diluting of phosphorus resource, a new dihydrate cycling wet-process (CWP) by using low grade phosphate rock with high silicon content, and enhancement extraction of counter-flow are introduced. The industrialization and economic benefit regarding with the process are also analyzed simply. The research results show that the phosphoric acid with 22% P2O5 and phosphogypsum with high quality as a by-product can be obtained by treating with phosphate rock with 16% P2O5. The new process displays a good utilization prospect. Key words: low grade phosphate rock with high silicon content; phosphoric acid; wet-process extraction; comprehensive utilization石灰性土壤肥际磷酸二铵的转化与肥料磷的迁移金 亮1,2, 周健民1, 王火焰1, 陈小琴1, 杜昌文1(1.土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 江苏 南京 210008; 2.中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049)摘 要 以肥料与土壤接触的肥际为切入点, 通过土柱培养实验, 研究磷酸二铵在石灰性潮土肥际各形态无机磷的转化含量分布及肥料磷的迁移旨在探讨磷酸二铵在石灰性土壤中的转化特性及肥料磷的固定机制, 揭示此类土壤中磷肥有效性的主要限制因素, 为磷肥合理施用和高效磷肥的研制提供理论支持关键词 石灰性土壤; 肥际; 磷酸二铵; 磷的转化; 磷的迁移中图分类号 S 143.22 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0014-05Transformation and translocation of fertilizer-P with DAP application atfertisphere in calcareous soilJIN Liang1,2, ZHOU Jian-min1, WANG Huo-yan1, CHEN Xiao-qin1, DU Chang-wen1(1.State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)Abstract: Transformation, contents, and distribution of various form of phosphorus with DAP application in calcareous fluvo-aquic soil and translocation of fertilizer phosphorus are studied through soil column incubation experiment beginning within in the fertisphere which is the soil zone immediately contacting with fertilizer. Objective is to explore transformation characteristics of DAP in calcareous soil and mechanism of fertilizer phosphorus fixation, and to find key factors which affect the efficiencies of phosphate fertilizers in such kind of soil. This provides a theoretical base for proper application of phosphate fertilizers and development of high effective phosphate fertilizer.Key words: calcareous soil; fertisphere; diammonium phosphate (DAP); transformation of phosphate; translocation of phosphate硫化钙碳酸化制备硫氢化钙的工艺参数研究卜艳慧, 李全成, 朱云勤(贵州大学 理学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025)摘 要 研究了以磷石膏为原料烧制的硫化钙碳酸化制备硫脲的中间产物硫氢化钙的工艺用正交设计法找出了硫化钙碳酸化制备硫氢化钙的最优工艺参数:反应时间1.5 h温度30 气流速度80个气泡/min在此条件下, 硫的转化率达88.90%, 并用制备的硫氢化钙合成了纯度为93.21%的硫脲表明了以磷石膏为原料制备硫氢化钙生产硫脲是可行的关键词 硫化钙; 二氧化碳; 硫氢化钙; 硫脲; 正交设计; 工艺参数中图分类号 X781 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0019-02Study on the process parameters for production of Ca(HS)2 by use of CaS as a raw materialBU Yan-hui, LI Quan-cheng, ZHU Yun-qin(College of Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China)Abstract: The process for production of Ca(HS)2 by use of CaS as a raw material which is made from phosphogypsum is studied, the Ca(HS)2 is the intermediate product of thiourea. The optimum process parameters of producing Ca(HS)2 by CaS and CO2 are found out by the orthogonality design the reaction time is 1.5 hours, the temperature is 30 , the stream velocity is 80 air bubbles/min, with the sulfur conversion rate of 88.90% and the purity quotient of thiourea of 93.21% which is made by the Ca(HS)2.The feasibility of preparation thiourea by phosphogypsum as a raw material is proved.Key words: calcium sulfide; carbon dioxide; sulfur calcium hydride; thiourea; orthogonality design; process parameter【过磷酸钙】中低品位磷矿和多种稀硫酸生产过磷酸钙的实践程剑雨(南通大伦化工有限公司, 江苏 南通 226005)摘 要 根据目前磷矿质量下降价格上涨生产成本增加的情况, 采取多种中低品位磷矿多种稀硫酸生产过磷酸钙, 对45%稀硫酸加热浓缩提到58%, 并摸索出优惠的混化工艺条件不同杂质含量的翻堆熟化条件, 使生产成本大大降低, 仅2008年1季度使用稀硫酸2 874 t(折纯), 获经济效益86万元关键词 中低品位磷矿; 稀硫酸; 过磷酸钙; 优惠工艺条件; 生产成本 中图分类号 TQ 442.11 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0021-02Production practice of SSP by medium and low grade phosphate rock and various dilute sulfuric acidCHENG Jian-yu(Nantong Dalun Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Nantong, Jiangsu 226005, China)Abstract: Based on degradation of phosphate rock in quality and increase in prices which result in increase of production costs, SSP is made by utilizing various kinds of medium and low grade phosphate rock and various kinds of dilute sulfuric acids. The optimum mixing process conditions and pile-turning curing conditions with different contents of impurities are explored by using 58% of sulfuric acid concentrated thermally from 45% of dilute sulfuric acid, production costs are reduced significantly. The economic benefit reaches at 860 000 RMB Yuan in the first quarter of 2008 with consuming 2 874t of dilute sulfuric acid (in 100%).Key words: medium and low grade phosphate rock; dilute sulfuric acid; single superphosphate (SSP); optimum process condition; production cost【钙镁磷肥】关于持续发展我国钙镁磷肥的几点建议王 涛(放马山中磷矿业有限公司 钙镁磷肥厂, 湖北 钟祥 431911)摘 要 简述国内钙镁磷肥的发展过程, 分析我国钙镁磷肥产量萎缩的原因, 指出钙镁磷肥的优缺点, 最后对优化发展钙镁磷肥提出几点建议关键词 钙镁磷肥; 萎缩原因; 优缺点; 优化发展建议中图分类号 TQ442.33 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0023-02Some suggestions on development of fused calcium magnesium phosphate in ChinaWANG Tao(FCMP Plant, Fangmashan Zhonglin Mining Co.， Ltd, Zhongxiang, Hubei 431911, China)Abstract: The development histories of FCMP at home are briefly reviewed. The causes for shrinkage of Chinas FCMP are analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of FCMP are pointed out, and some suggestions for FCMP is proposed at the end.Key words: fused calcium magnesium phosphate (FCMP); causes for shrinkage; advantages and disadvantages; optimal development suggestion【磷酸 磷铵】窑法磷酸工艺的工业化前景朱玉平(中国石化集团 南京设计院, 江苏 南京 210048)摘 要 针对热法磷酸生产耗电量高, 湿法磷酸生产对磷矿质量要求严以及我国中低品位磷矿资源特点, 介绍了窑法磷酸的工艺原理流程以及开发历程, 认为窑法磷酸在我国优势明显, 具有广阔的发展前景关键词 磷酸; 磷矿; 湿法磷酸; 热法磷酸; 窑法磷酸中图分类号 TQ 126.3+5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0025-04Industrialization prospects of KPAZHU Yu-ping(Nanjing Design Institute, SINOPEC, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210048, China)Abstract: In view of the high electrical consumption with TPA, high quality phosphate rock with WPA, and the characteristics of domestic low-grade phosphate rock, the process theory, flow sheet and development experience of KPA are introduced, the KPA has great advantage and wide development prospect in China.Key words: phosphoric acid; phosphate rock; wet-process phosphoric acid (WPA); thermal-process phosphoric acid (TPA); kiln-process phosphoric acid (KPA)推行磷酸生产精准管理 提高磷的综合利用率常 青(秦皇岛华瀛磷酸有限公司, 河北 秦皇岛 066003)摘 要 磷矿作为一种不可再生资源, 供应日趋紧张, 价格持续上涨磷矿的供应情况在很大程度上决定着磷酸磷肥企业的生存与发展作为资源消耗型企业, 应千方百计挖掘磷资源利用的潜力为此, 从生产管理的角度探讨对磷酸生产各环节的精确计算与分析, 有针对性地制定相应的措施, 提高磷的综合利用率关键词 磷酸生产; 精准管理; 磷的综合利用率中图分类号 TQ126.3+5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0029-03Pursuing elaborate management of AP production to raise the comprehensive use efficiency of phosphorusCHANG Qing(Qinhuangdao Huaying Phosphoric Acid Co., Ltd, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066003, China)Abstract：As a kind of non-renewable resources with the increasina supply shortage and price inflation, phosphate rock supply will dominate enterprises survival and development in a great extent. The resource-type enterprises should maximize the utilization of phosphorus resources. Based on the production and management, the problem is analyzed comprehensively, the accurate calculation and analysis on all the phosphoric acid production sections are made to provide countermeasure of raising the comprehensive use efficiency of phosphorus.Key words：phosphoric acid production; accurate management; comprehensive use efficiency of phosphorus宏福200 kt/a磷酸反应尾气风机电机皮带轮改造彭 璟(贵州宏福总公司 瓮福磷肥厂 磷酸分厂, 贵州 福泉 550501)中图分类号 TQ126.3+5；TQ440.5 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0031-02传统法DAP生产中洗涤塔的结垢问题占其军, 余文成(大峪口化工有限责任公司, 湖北 钟祥 431910)摘 要 350kt/aDAP生产装置干燥造粒尾气采用两级循环洗涤, 介绍其洗涤流程, 分析洗涤塔结垢原因及解决措施, 取得尾气氨达标排放的效果, 尾气氨0.03 g/m3关键词 磷酸二铵装置; 尾气洗涤; 结垢; 氨达标排放中图分类号 TQ 442.14 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0033-02Scale formation of scrubbing tower in DAP production by conventional processZHAN Qi-jun, YU Wen-cheng(Dayukou Chemical Co., Ltd, Zhongxiang, Hubei 431910, China)Abstract: In the 350 kt/a DAP production plant with two-stage recycle scrubbing to the tail gas from dryersand granulators, scrubbing circuit is introduced, the reasons of scale in scrubbing tower are analyzed and measures are taken to attain the aim of ammonia emission up to the national standard, in which ammonia in tail gas is less than 0.03 g/m3.Key words: diammonium phosphate (DAP) production plant; tail gas scrubbing; scaling; ammonia emission up to the national standard【磷 酸 盐】矿粉脱氟法生产饲料级磷酸氢钙工艺探讨赵章红(连云港新磷矿化有限责任公司, 江苏 连云港 222002)摘 要 利用磷精矿粉脱氟法生产饲料级磷酸氢钙, 介绍其脱氟原理生产工艺流程, 按脱氟净化生产净化磷酸, 萃取过滤生产粗磷酸, 石灰乳中和过滤生产饲钙, 分别说明其工艺控制指标, 并与两段中和法对比, 说明该方法生产饲钙的特点是P2O5 回收率高, 磷矿硫酸石灰乳消耗低关键词 磷精矿粉脱氟法; 饲料级磷酸氢钙; 生产技术中图分类号 TQ 442.31 文献标识码 A 文章编号1007-6220(2008)05-0035-03Technology for production of feed-grade calcium hydrogen phosphate by defluorination of ground phosphate rockZHAO Zhang-hong(Lianyungang Xinlin Chemical Mine Co., Ltd, Lianyungang，Jiangsu 222002, China)Abstract: The technology for production of feed-grade calcium hydrogen phosphate by defluorination method of concentrated ground phosphate rock are presented including principle of defluorination and production process. Based on defluorination for purified phosphoric acid, extraction and filtration for raw phosphoric acid neutralization and filtration by using milk of lime for production of feed-grade dicalcium phosphate，the process control indexes are described respectively. Compared with two-stage neutralization method，the new process has such advantages as higher recovery percentage of P2O5 and low consumptions of phosphate rock， sulfuric acid and milk of lime.Key words: defluorination method of concentrated ground phosphate rock; feed-grade calcium hydrogen phosphate; production technology【硫 酸】硫磺制酸装置中硫磺过滤泵断轴事故分析刘士超, 吴惠惠, 迟永铎(大连旅顺长城泵业公司, 辽宁 大连 116049)中图分类号 TQ 111.16 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0038-01【有机无机复合肥专题报道】有机无机复合肥养分协同优化技术研究(“十一五”国家科技支撑计划“复合(混)肥养分高效优化技术研究”(2006BAD10B03)“高效系列专用复合(混)肥产业化”(2006BAD10B08)课题组)摘 要 介绍了全国及北京湖南陕西广东河南吉林山东重庆的有机肥料资源及利用情况; 有机肥料企业有机无机复合(混)肥料行业的概况; 有机无机复合(混)优化配方技术开发; 我国发展有机肥有机无机肥存在的问题及发展前景关键词 有机无机复合肥; 有机肥资源; 养分协同优化技术Study on the optimization technology of cooperative nutrients in organic-inorganic compound fertilizer(Studying Team of The Nutrients Optimization Technology of Organic-inorganic Compound Fertilizer (2006BAD10B03) and Industrialization of High Efficiency Series of Special Compound Fertilizer (2006BAD10B08), National 11th Five-Year Support Plan of Science and Technology)Abstract: the The resources and utilization of organic fertilizer in China, Beijing, Hunan, Shaanxi, Guangdong, Henan, Jilin, Shandong and Chongqing are introduced. The organic fertilizer enterprises, the general situation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer industry, the optimized formulation and technology development of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the existing problems and development prospects of organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer are also described.Key words: organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; organic fertilizer resource; optimization technology of cooperative nutrients1. 有机复合肥养分高效优化技术研究赵秉强, 林治安, 冀建华, 刘增兵(中国农业科学院 资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081)中图分类号 TQ 444; S141 文献标识码 A 文章编号1007-6220(2008)05-0039-042. 我国有机无机复合(混)肥行业发展状况石学勇, 沈 兵, 朱成田(中国-阿拉伯化肥有限公司, 河北 秦皇岛 066003)中图分类号 TQ 444; S141 文献标识码 A 文章编号1007-6220(2008)05-0043-053. 北京市有机无机复合(混)肥资源变化情况崔振岭, 张清伟, 陈新平(中国农业大学 资源与环境学院, 北京 100094)中图分类号 S141 文献标识码 A 文章编号1007-6220(2008)05-0047-024. 湖南省有机无机高效复混肥的配方研发及应用初探谢卫国, 黄铁平, 刘如清(湖南省农业厅土肥站, 湖南 长沙 410005)中图分类号 TQ 444; S141 文献标识码 A 文章编号1007-6220(2008)05-0049-035. 陕西省农业废弃物养分资源肥料化利用现状与前景分析张金水, 同延安, 云伟祥, 周 军(西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100)中图分类号 X71; S141 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0052-036. 广东省有机无机复合肥的促释和防病功能的开发与应用刘可星, 张俊涛, 谷丽萍, 廖宗文(华南农业大学 资源环境学院 新肥料资源研究中心, 广东 广州 510642)中图分类号 TQ 449 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0055-037. 吉林省有机无机肥料的生产和使用高 强1, 刘振刚2(1.吉林农业大学 资源与环境学院, 吉林 长春 130118; 2.吉林省土壤肥料总站, 吉林 长春 130012)中图分类号 TQ444; S141 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0058-028. 重庆市有机无机肥料调研报告蔡国学1, 胡王重2, 石孝均3(1.重庆市江津区农业技术推广中心, 重庆 402260; 2.重庆市农业技术推广中心, 重庆 400020; 3.西南大学 资源环境学院, 重庆 400710)中图分类号 TQ 444; S 141 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0060-029. 山东省有机无机复合肥的现状及发展高瑞杰(山东省土壤肥料总站, 山东 济南 250000)中图分类号 TQ 444; S141 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0061-0210. 河南省有机无机复合(混)肥现状李菂萍, 许秀成, 王好斌(国家钙镁磷复合肥技术研究推广中心 郑州大学课题组, 河南 郑州 450002)中图分类号 TQ 444; S141 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0063-02【设 备】空心桨叶类搅拌设备输送量的计算付黄河1, 李卫江2(1. 三门峡化工机械有限公司, 河南 三门峡 472000 2. 三门峡高新机械有限公司, 河南 三门峡 472000)摘 要 阐述如何在空心桨叶类搅拌设备传热面积确定的情况下, 通过调节螺旋输送七要素来提高设备的输送能力, 并介绍空心桨叶类搅拌设备输送量的计算方法关键词 空心桨叶搅拌设备; 传热; 输送量; 计算中图分类号 TQ 440.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-6220(2008)05-0065-02Calculating the conveying capacity of mixing equipment with hollow p