天津市高考英语二轮复习 第四部分 阅读表达 专题二十二 阐述写作意图课件.ppt

专题二十二阐述写作意图 2 考情概览写作意图题或态度推断题包含两个方面的内容 一是推测作者的写作意图或者态度 二是对文中的具体内容作出推理和判断 考生需要透过文字内容体会作者的态度 观点和说话的语气 从而准确判断作者的写作意图 考生还要分清文章的体裁 如果是议论文 一定要找准作者的论点 如果是说明文 一定要找出作者说明的中心 此外 考生还要根据文章的字面意思 通过语篇逻辑关系 研究细节 理解文章的寓意等 3 1 推断写作意图写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述 揣测作者的写作意图 作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图 而是通过文章所提供的事实 客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点 这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意 而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳分析和总结的能力 主要的设题方式有 whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext what sthepurposeofthetext forwhatpurposedoestheauthormention inparagraph 常用的回答方式有 totell show informusthat togiveususefultips adviceonhowto toencourage persuade warnustodo 4 2 推断观点和态度观点态度推断题考查考生是否理解作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者态度 这就要求考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上 对观点或者态度倾向进行分析 识别 关注作者对人物心理或者细节的描写 对文章所交代的人物或者事情进行评判 主要设题方式有 whatdoestheauthorreallymeanbysaying whydoestheauthormention whichistheresultof whatkindofattitudedoestheauthorhavetowardsthequestion whatdoes imply whatcanwelearnfromthetext 5 解答这类题目时 考生首先要吃透文章的字面意思 从字里行间捕捉有用的线索 这是推理的前提和基础 其次 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工 由表及里 由浅入深 从具体到抽象 从特殊到一般 通过分析 判断等进行符合逻辑的推理 不能就事论事 断章取义 以偏概全 同时 要忠实于原文 以文章提供的事实和线索为依据 立足已知 推断未知 不能主观臆想 凭空想象 随意揣测 更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点 最重要的是 要把握句与句 段与段之间的逻辑关系 了解语篇的结构 还要体会文章的基调 摸准逻辑发展的方向 悟出作者的弦外之音 揣摩出作者的态度 回答要紧扣题目 语言既要完整 又要简洁 不要超过规定词数 6 典例分析 3 accordingtosciencedaily anewstudypredictsthatbytheyear2100 manyoftoday sfamiliarclimateswillbereplacedbyclimatesunknownintoday sworld itisurgentthatwereducetherisksofthesefar reachingconsequencesforthewholeworld theplanetitselfhasbeenshowingsignsofchange in2004 aserioustsunamicreatedbyamajorearthquakekilledthousandsinsumatraandin2008 thousandsdiedinchinabecauseofanothersevereearthquake egyptwashitin2009withamajorearthquakeandhaitiwasdestroyedin2010byyetanothermassiveearthquake whatistheauthor spurposeinusingtheexamplesofearthquakesinparagraph3 nomorethan12words 7 toshowthatmajorchangesaretakingplaceontheplanet 本题要求说出本段作者引用几起地震的例子的目的 需要根据上下文推测出作者的意图 纵观整个段落 本段中作者的主要观点是theplanetitselfhasbeenshowingsignsofchange 后面跟了一系列例子 都是为了证明作者的这个观点 所以使用这些例子的意图就比较明显了 8 a b c ialwaysdovoluntaryworkinthehospital asapatientvisitor myprimarygoalistodeliverqualityservicestopatientsandfamilies byprovidingcompanionshipforpatientsinasometimeslonelyenvironment itrymybesttoserveandhelptodiminishthelonelinessandfrustrationpatientsmayfeelafterstayinginahospitalforastretchoftimeforweeksorevenmonths 9 a b c everysaturdayafternoonforthreetofourhours withalistofpatientswhohaverequestedapatientvisitorservice iheaduptothe5th 6th or7thfloortofirstvisitmyprioritypatients atthenurse sstation ikindlyaskthenursesorthemedicalstaffabouttheconditionofthepatientsonthatunitandconfirmthatthepatientswouldlikeavisitor afterreceivinganupdatefromthenurse igentlyknockonthedoorofthepatientsandenterwithafriendly hello then iintroducemyselfandagainpolitelyaskiftheywouldlikeapatientvisitor iusuallytrytoprepareafewstartingconversationtopicssuchasthecurrentnews sportsscoresandfunfacts however thepatientsusuallyengagemefirstinaninterestingconversation 10 a b c whenvolunteeringasapatientvisitor ispentalotoftimecommunicatingone on onewithpatients individualpatientshadindividualneedsandpossessedextraordinarypersonalstories therefore ifoundeveryvisitfascinating fromgenerousandkindpatients ihavelearnedabouttheirdiseasesandtheircourseoftreatment additionally ilearnedaboutliterature lifeduringthegreatdepressionandwildernessofnorthernminnesota onthewhole notonlydidilearnaboutthehospitalsettingsandsystem butilearnedaboutthediverselifeofothers 11 a b c manyofthepatientsihavevisitedweretrulyinspiringandialwaysadmirethemfortheirstrength althoughdifficult theywereoftenwillingtosharetheirstoriesofpain suffering hopesandoptimism irealizethatiamtrulygratefulandhonoredthattheywouldsharetheirpersonalstorieswithjustavolunteerlikeme 12 a b c 1 whatdoestheunderlinedword diminish inparagraph1mean 1word 2 whatarethetopicstheauthorpreparesforthepatients nomorethan10words 3 whatdidtheauthorlearnfromhertalkingwiththepatients nomorethan12words reduce thecurrentnews sportsscoresandfunfacts shelearnedthehospitalsettingsandsystemanddiverselifeofothers 13 a b c 4 howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthepatientstellinghertheirstories nomorethan8words 5 whatcanyoulearnfromtheauthor sstory nomorethan15words shefeelstrulygratefulandhonored irealizedthateveryonecanmakeadifferencethroughdoingvoluntarywork 14 a b c doyouwanttoimprovethewayyoustudy doyoufeelnervousbeforeatest manystudentssaythatalackofconcentrationistheirbiggestproblem itseriouslyaffectstheirabilitytostudy sodotheirtestresults ifso usethesetipstohelpyou studytechniques youshouldalwaysstudyinthesameplace youshouldn tsitinapositionthatyouuseforanotherpurpose forexample whenyousitonasofatostudy yourbrainwillthinkitistimetorelax don twatchtvwhileyouarestudying expertswarnthatyourconcentrationmaybereducedby50percentifyouattempttostudyinthisway alwaystrytohaveawhitewallinfrontofyou sothereisnothingtodistractyou 15 a b c beforesittingdowntostudy gathertogetheralltheequipmentyouneed apartfromyourtextbooks pens pencilsandknivesandmakesureyouhaveadictionary ifyourstudydeskortableisneededwhenyouarenotstudying storeallyourequipmentinaboxbesideit youreyeswillbecometiredifyoutrytoreadatextwhichisonaflatsurface positionyourbookatanangleof30degrees berealisticanddon ttrytocompletetoomuchinonestudyperiod finishonethingbeforebeginninganother ifyouneedabreak getupandwalkaroundforafewminutes buttrynottotelephoneafriendorhavesomethingtoeat 16 a b c test takingskills allyourhardworkwillbefornothingifyouaretoonervoustotakeyourtest gettingplentyofrestisveryimportant thismeans donotstudyallnightbeforeyourtest itisabetterideatohavealong termstudyplan trytomakeatimetableforyourstudywhichlastsforafewmonths exerciseisagreatwaytoreducepressure doingsomeformofexerciseeverydaywillalsoimproveyourconcentration eathealthyfoodtoo whenyouarriveintheexaminationroom findyourseatandsitdown breatheslowlyanddeeply checkthetimeontheclockduringthetest butnottoooften aboveall takenonoticeofeveryoneelseandgivethetestpaperyourundividedattention 17 a b c 1 whatistheauthor spurposeofthepassage nomorethan15words 2 pleaseexplaintheunderlinedword distract inenglish nomorethan5words 3 whatshouldn tyoudowhenyoutakeabreak nomorethan10words tointroducetipsabouthowtostudyefficientlyandhowtotakeatest makelessconcentrated telephoneafriendorhavesomethingtoeat 18 a b c 4 whatisthemostimportanttipwhenyoutakeanexam nomorethan15words 5 whichtipdoyouthinkisusefultoyou why nomorethan20words don tnoticeothersandgiveyourundividedattentiontothetestpaper open 19 a b c iwentonlinetocheckifmypaywasinmybankaccount tomyamazementidiscoveredthatnotonlyhadibeenpaid acompanyi dneverworkedforhadalsopaidme iknewi dhavebeenbesidemyselfifmyownsalarywasnotinmyaccount soitriedtogetthemoneybacktotherightperson easiersaidthandone thebankcouldn thelpasitwasn tabankproblem thehuman resourcedepartmentatthecompanythatpaidmewasunabletohelpasididn thaveenoughdetails irangthebankagain thankfullyihadasympatheticcalloperatorwhogavemeaname soiagainrangthecompany daniel workedfor 20 a b c iexpectedthebankwouldcontactmetoarrangetotakethemoneyfrommyaccountandrepaydaniel iheardnothingforamonthandthemoneyremainedinmyaccountwhendanielcalled explaininghe dtriedtogetbackhismoneybuthadbeenunsuccessfulasneitherthebanknorhiscompanyfeltitwastheirerror hehadrungtoaskificouldspeaktothebank butafterchattingforafewminuteswerealizedwecouldprobablyfixthisproblemourselves 21 a b c wedecidediwouldtakethemoneyfrommyaccountandhewouldpickitupfromme duetomybu