天津市高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 阅读理解 专题十八 意图态度课件.ppt

专题十八意图态度 2 考情概览高考 考试说明 指出 每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的 或是向读者传递某个信息 或是使读者愉悦 或是讲授某个道理 而这些信息通常并不明确表达出来 而是隐含在文章之中 因此 这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上 去领会作者的言外之意 3 意图态度题就是指针对作者的写作意图 观点态度和对事件的评价设问的阅读理解题目 作者在文章中不仅客观地进行叙述和说明 往往还持有某种态度 如对某一观点或赞同或反对 或肯定或批评 因此这类题主要考查学生对作者的观点 情感 态度 写作目的和意图的理解能力 作者的观点和态度除了直接表达外 还经常在文章中间接表达出来 考生可以通过全文的叙述 从文章的主要内容去理解作者的观点 有时作者也会在文章中用特殊的词汇表达自己的思想感情 同学们要从文章中的用词 语气或对某个细节的陈述来推断作者的态度 观点等 4 意图态度题考查目标比较明确 题干一般都含有accordingtotheauthor attitude opinion believe consider regard等词或短语 这类题目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表现的态度和写作意图外 有时还考查作者对具体的某个人或事物的态度或评价 5 1 意图态度题常见的命题方式有以下几种 1 inwritingthepassage theauthorintendsto 2 theauthorwritesthispassage textmainlyto 3 thepurposeofthepassageisto 4 accordingtotheauthor 5 intheauthor sopinion 6 theauthorthinks believes suggests seemsthat 7 howdoestheauthorfeelabout 8 whatistheauthor sopinion ideaabout 9 whichofthefollowingwilltheauthoragree disagreewith 10 thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas 6 11 whatisthetone moodofthepassage 12 whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheattitudeoftheauthortowards 13 theauthor sattitudeto isthat 14 howdoestheauthorprobablyfeelabout 7 2 意图态度题解题策略 1 写作目的 意图推测题此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述 推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的 作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图 而是通过文章所提供的事实 客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见 这种题型不仅要求考生能理解文章的内容 更重要的是一定要对文章主题有正确的把握 而且还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及写作手法进行归纳总结和分析的能力 不同题材的文章可能有不同的目的 概括起来有以下几点 讲述一段有趣的经历 娱乐读者使之发笑 常见于故事类文章 说服读者接受某种观点 常见于广告类文章 告知读者某些信息 常见于科普类文章 新闻报道类文章 文化类或者社会类文章 8 典例分析 2016 全国 卷 c ifyouareafruitgrower orwouldliketobecomeone takeadvantageofappledaytoseewhat saround it scalledappledaybutinpracticeit smorelikeapplemonth thedayitselfisonoctober21 butsinceithascaughton eventsnowspreadoutovermostofoctoberaroundbritain visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee andoftentaste awidevarietyofapples topeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasgoldendeliciousandroyalgalainsupermarkets itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence suchasdeciowhichwasgrownbytheromans althoughitdoesn ttasteofanythingspecial it sstillworthatry asistheknobbly 多疙瘩的 cat sheadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse 9 therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions oneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisorleansreinette butyou llneedawarm shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit soit sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit attheevents youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs childrenarewellcateredforwithapple themedfunandgames appledaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards 果园 ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience tryvisitingthenationalfruitcollectionatbrogdale nearfavershaminkent 10 31 whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthetext a toshowhowtogrowapples b tointroduceanapplefestival c tohelppeopleselectapples d topromoteappleresearch 写作意图题 通读全篇 文章主要介绍一个关于苹果的节日 苹果节 故选b项 11 2 态度 观点判断题作者的态度 思想倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同 反对 还是犹豫不决 对记叙或描写的人 物或事件等是赞扬 同情 还是厌恶 憎恨 作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间 或流露于修饰的词语之中 因此 在推断过程中 应特别注意文中作者的措辞 通常这一类的关键词为 advise convince 使信服 present propose warn等 表达作者态度和观点的形容词有 objective 客观的 subjective 主观的 neutral 中立的 positive 积极的 negative 消极的 approval 赞成的 disapproval 不赞成的 indifferent 冷漠的 sarcastic 讽刺的 critical 批判的 optimistic 乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的 等 12 典例分析 2016 四川卷 c inthedepthsofthefrenchguianeserainforest therestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous 土著的 people surprisingly thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms andyet peopleinthisareaareinfactfrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony 殖民地 ofthefrenchrepublicsince1946 intheory theyshouldlivebythefrenchlaw however theirremotelocationsmeanthatthefrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaof lawlessness intheworld thelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffortsofafrenchmanfrompariscalledgin ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea whichsitsontheedgeoftheamazonrainforest withhalfitspopulationofonly250 000livinginitscapital cayenne 13 ihaveaspecialloveforthefrenchguianesepeople ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears saysgin i vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem thusihavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment idon tseeitasalawlessland butratheriseeitasanareaoffreedom iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife continuesgin iprefertoworkinblackandwhite whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly hisblack and whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernfrenchrepublic whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare butalsoalcoholism betrayalandevensuicide 14 30 whatisgin sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousguianese a cautious b doubtful c uninterested d appreciative 观点态度题 根据文章第三段中的 ihaveaspecialloveforthefrenchguianesepeople 可知 gin对圭亚那人有着特殊的喜爱之情 故选d项 15 a b c 2015 天津卷 d oncewheniwasfacingadecisionthatinvolvedhighrisk iwenttoafriend helookedatmeforamoment andthenwroteasentencecontainingthebestadvicei veeverhad beboldandbrave andmighty 强大的 forceswillcometoyouraid thosewordsmademeseeclearlythatwhenihadfallenshortinthepast itwasseldombecauseihadtriedandfailed itwasusuallybecauseihadletfearoffailurestopmefromtryingatall ontheotherhand wheneverihadplungedintodeepwater forcedbycourageorcircumstance ihadalwaysbeenabletoswimuntiligotmyfeetonthegroundagain 16 a b c boldnessmeansadecisiontobiteoffmorethanyouaresureyoucaneat andthereisnothingmysteriousaboutthemightyforces theyarepotentialpowerswepossess energy skill soundjudgment creativeideas evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize admittedly thosemightyforcesarespiritualones buttheyaremoreimportantthanphysicalones acollegeclassmateofmine tim wasanexcellentfootballplayer eventhoughheweighedmuchlessthantheaverageplayer inonegameisuddenlyfoundmyselfconfrontingahugeplayer whohadnothingbutmebetweenhimandourgoalline saidtim iwassofrightenedthaticlosedmyeyesanddesperatelythrewmyselfatthatguylikeabullet 子弹 andstoppedhimcold 17 a b c boldness awillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextreme isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight butitcanbetaughttochildrenanddevelopedinadults confidencebuildsup surely therewillbesetbacks 挫折 anddisappointmentsinlife boldnessinitselfisnoguaranteeofsuccess butthepersonwhotriestodosomethingandfailsisalotbetteroffthanthepersonwhotriestodonothingandsucceeds so alwaystrytolivealittlebitbeyondyourabilities andyou llfindyourabilitiesaregreaterthanyoueverdreamed 语篇导读 本文为议论文 作者通过自己和一位大学同学的事例说明自信和勇敢的重要性 告诫人们不要让恐惧束缚自己的手脚 鼓励人们最大限度地发掘自身潜能 18 a b c 1 whywastheauthorsometimesunabletoreachhisgoalinthepast a hefacedhugerisks b helackedmightyforces c fearpreventedhimfromtrying d failureblockedhiswaytosuccess c 解析细节理解题 根据第二段第二句内容可知 作者过去有时不能够达到自己的目标是因为他害怕失败 根本没有去尝试 19 a b c 2 whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedpart a swallowmorethanyoucandigest b actslightlyaboveyourabilities c developmoremysteriouspowers d learntomakecreativedecisions b 解析推理判断题 根据下文的 evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize 可推断 此处表示我们能够做到一些稍微超出我们能力范围的事情 20 a b c 3 whatwasespeciallyimportantfortim ssuccessfuldefenseinthefootballgame a hisphysicalstrength b hisbasicskill c hisrealfear d hisspiritualforce d 解析细节理解题 根据第四段第一句 admittedly thosemightyforcesarespiritualones 可推断出 蒂姆在足球比赛中成功地防守 主要是因为他的精神力量发挥了作用 21 a b c 4 whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph5 a confidencegrowsmorerapidlyinadults b tryingwithoutsuccessismeaningless c repeatedfailurecreatesabetterlife d boldnesscanbegainedlittlebylittle d 解析推理判断题 根据第五段前三句可以推断出 自信和勇敢不可能一蹴而就 但可以逐渐培养起来 22 a b c 5 whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthispassage a toencouragepeopletobecourageous b toadvisepeopletobuildupphysicalpower c totellpeoplethewaystoguaranteesuccess d torecommendpeopletodevelopmoreabilities a 解析写作意图题 文章第一段最后一句就点明了作者的写作目的 作者通过自身经历鼓励人们越来越勇敢和自信 从而发挥自己的最大潜能 23 a b c ihadstarteddoingmynewjobwhenistartedgettingtheseterribleheadachesalmosteveryday icouldn tpureoutwhatwascausingthem mydentisttoldmethatitwasmywisdomteeththatcausedtheheadaches headvisedmetogetmywisdomteethremoved butirefused iwasworkingforasmallwagewithnosickleaveandhadnowayofpaying 1 500forthesurgery mywisdomteethweregettingsobadthatihadgottenaterribleinfectioninmyjaw 颌 andneckthatwasthreateningmylife idecidedtoremovethem tomysurpriseifoundthatiworkedwithangels someofthemostgenerouspeoplei veevermet everyonewasterriblyworriedaboutmeandinsistedonhelpingmeout theassistantdivisionmanagerwantedtofindsomewaythatwouldhelpmegetthemoneyineeded 24 a b c theydecidedtoholdabakesaletogetmoneyformysurgery iwasverygratefulwheniheardaboutthis butfigureditwouldonlymakeafewhundredprobably tomyastonishment attheendofthedaytheypresentedmewithover 1 000towardsmysurgery icried ihadneverhadsomuchkindnessbestowed 给予 uponmeinmylife iknewtheyaddedtheirmoneytoit twoweeksbeforemysurgery iwasverysickandtheyarrangedformetotakethepaidtimeoff iwentthroughmysurgerysuccessfullyandimadeapromisethatafteriwasfullyrecoverediwouldsparenoefforttohelpothers theirkindnesswasremarkable andiwillrememberitfortherestofmylife theyaretrulyangelsandi msoluckytoworkwiththem 语篇导读 本文为记叙文 文章向我们讲述了作者接受同事帮助拔掉智齿的一次经历 25 a b c 1 whydidn ttheauthorfollowthedentist sadviceonremovinghiswisdomteethatfirst a becausehewasafraidtopullhiswisdomteethout b becausehebelievedthattherewasnoneedtoremovethem c becausehehadnosickleaveandhadtoworkalldaylong d becausehewassopoorthathecouldn taffordthesurgery d 解析细节理解题 由第一段倒数第三句 iwasworkingforasmallwagewithnosickleaveandhadnowayofpaying 1 500forthesurgery 我工资少 没有带薪休病假的待遇 并且没钱支付1 500美元的高额手术费 可知 d项正确 26 a b c 2 inordertohelphim theauthor sworkmates 1 heldabakesaletoraisemoney 2 gavetheauthortheirownmoneysecretly 3 lettheauthortakeapaidleave 4 helpedtheauthorwithhisworka 1 2 3 b 1 3 4 c 2 3 4 d 1 2 4 a 解析细节理解题 由第三段第一句 theydecidedtoholdabakesaletogetmoneyformysurgery 可知 1 正确 由第三段倒数第二句 iknewtheyaddedtheirmoneytoit 可知 2 正确 由第三段最后一句 twoweeksbeforemysurgery iwasverysickandtheyarrangedformetotakethepaidtimeoff 可知 3 正确 故选a项 27 a b c 3 fromthepassageweknowthat a theauthorhadastrongmindb theauthorhadnevergottenothers helpbeforec theauthorhadn tthoughthecouldgetsomuchhelpd theauthordidn tgetalongwellwithhisworkmatesinthepast c 解析细节理解题 由第三段第三句中的 tomyastonishment 及第四句 icried 可知 大家的帮助让作者出乎意料 28 a b c 4 theauthor sattitudetowardshisworkmatesisthatof a guiltyb appreciationc envyd criticism b 解析观点态度题 由第三段第二句中的 iwasverygratefulwheniheardaboutthis 当我听到这条消息时 内心十分感激 及最后一段第二句 theirkindnesswasremarkable andiwillrememberitfortherestofmylife 他们仁义尽显 我将永生难忘 可知 b项正确 29 a b c 5 itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor a livesabetterlifethanbeforenowb willofferhelptoothersinreturnc haspaidoffhisdebtforthesurgeryd willworkhardertorepayhisworkmates b 解析推理判断题 由最后一段第一句 iwentthroughmysurgerysuccessfullyandimadeapromisethatafteriwasfullyrecoverediwouldsparenoefforttohelpothers 手术进行得十分顺利 我承诺在我完全康复之后 会竭尽全力帮助他人 推知 b项正确 30 a b c justinandmarywokeupearly eventhoughtheywerevacationingattheiruncle slakehouse thenightbefore unclethomastoldthemaboutthefoggyfigurethathaunts 常出没于 thelake justinandmaryweredeterminedtoseetheghostlycreaturebeforetheirvacationwasover isitfoggyoutside maryasked asjustinlookedoutofthewindow yup let sgo justinrushedtothedoorwithmary itwasonly5 00am soeveryoneelseinthehousewasstillasleep astheycrept 蹑足前进 throughthekitchentothebackdoor marysniffedtheair ithadthescentofcoffeeandsomethingsweet sheshruggeditoffandfollowedjustinoutontotheboatdock 码头 thefoghadsettledoverthelake makingitimpossibletoseeanything 31 a b c doyouseeanything maryasked leaning 倾斜 forwardforacloserlook nothing doyouthinkunclethomaswasjusttryingtoscareuswiththatstory maryshookherhead rememberwhatunclethomassaid thefoggyfigurehauntsthelake we reonthedock maybethat swhywecan tseehim thepeopleinthestorywereinboats justincrepttowardtheendofthedock hecouldbarelyseetheoutlineofunclethomas sboat i llgofirst hecarefullyloweredhimselfintotheboatandthenreachedformary shand maryclimbedintotheboatandsatbesidehim shewasgettingnervousnowthattheywereonthewater seeanything 32 a b c theylookedaround andgradually thefogbegantolift maryturnedaroundandscreamed thefoggyfigure itwasintheboatwiththem justinandmaryhuggedeachotherinfear butthentheyheardalaugh justinleanedtowardthefoggyfigure unclethomas iknewthatstorywouldgetyoutwooutofbedearlyenoughtotakearideintheboatwithme marysighed happytherewasnofoggyfigureafterall justinlookedrelieved too unclethomasl