动词的基本时态讲解与即时练习.doc

动词的时态时态是英语谓语动词通过自身的变化来表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态的各种形式。每一种“时间-方式”就构成一种时态，所以英语中一共有16种时态，高中阶段要求掌握常用的11种时态。现以动词do为例，将这11种时态列表如下：方式时间一般进行完成完成进行现在do/doesam/is/are doinghas/have donehas/have been doing过去didwas/were doinghad done 将来will/shall dowill/shall be doingwill/shall have done过去将来would do一一般现在时（The simple present tense）1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如：every day, sometimes, always, usually, often, never等。例如：We get up at six every morning. 2. 表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实，格言或警句。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 3. 在由when, before, until, till, as soon as, the moment 引导的时间状语从句、 由if, unless 引导的条件状语从句、由even if， even though，whatever， whoever等引导的让步状语从句中要用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来，而主句往往用将来时或祈使句。例如： Ill write to her as soon as I have time. 我一有时间就会给她写信。翻译句子：1. 汤姆上课从不迟到。_2. 我每星期都去看望一次祖父母。_3. 老师告诉我们，光传播的速度比声音快。_二一般过去时（The simple past tense）表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态, 或表示过去经常发生的或习惯性动作，常跟表示过去时间的状语，如：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等，或由when, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.She died ten years ago. 翻译句子：1. 1976年，华北地区发生了一次强烈地震。_2. 她在上海时，时常来看我们。_三一般将来时（The simple future tense）1. 表示相对于讲话时间将要发生的动作或情况, 常接表示将来的时间状语，如：soon, next week, tomorrow等。谓语动词的形式是shall/will+动词原形。例如： Next month, my sister will be twenty-one.下个月我妹妹将是21岁了。2. 表示倾向性动作。例如：Oil will float on water.Whats the matter with the pen？The ink wont come out.3. 表示将来的动作的其他几种表达法： be going to do表示打算要做的事，或客观迹象表明即将发生的事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow?Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain. be to do 表示按计划要发生的事情。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday. be about to do表示马上做某事。例如：Be quiet! The film is about to begin. be doing 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。例如：They are leaving in a few days. 翻译句子：1. 我不打算参加这次竞赛。_2. 我认为他会晚来几分钟。_四现在进行时（The present continuous tense）1. 表示说话当时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作，常与now，right now, at the moment等词连用。由am/is/are + 现在分词构成。例如： Hes showing a foreign guest round the city.Were practising spoken English this week.2. 表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。例如：Are you staying here till next week? 3. 表示反复出现的或习惯性动作，带有赞叹、厌烦等感情色彩。例如： Hes always thinking of others. 他总是想着别人。(赞美) Hes constantly leaving his things about. 他总是乱扔东西。(厌烦)翻译句子：1. 一位教授正在给我们做有关健康饮食的讲座。_2. 她总是抱怨食堂的饭菜。_五过去进行时（The past continuous tense）表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的状态或动作，其构成是：was/were + 现在分词，常接一个表示过去的时间状语。例如：We were talking about you a moment ago.我们刚才在谈到你呢。I was playing the piano when she came in. 当她进来的时候，我正在弹钢琴。翻译句子：1. 昨天晚上九点钟你在干什? _2. 爸爸进门的时候我正在看电视。_六将来进行时（The future continuous tense）将来进行时表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，其构成是：shall/will + be + 现在分词。例如：What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候，你准备干什么？翻译句子：星期五上午我没空。我要为我的一个朋友送行。_七现在完成时（The present perfect tense）现在完成时表示一个发生在过去但对现在的情况有影响的动作，由has/have + 过去分词构成。具体用法如下： 1. 强调过去的动作和状态对现在产生的影响和结果。常用的时间状语有：already, ever, yet, never, just, lately, recently, in the past few days/weeks, up till now, so far等。例如： It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall. We have learned so many things from you so far. 2. 表示从过去一直延续到现在的动作和状态。常用的时间状语有：since, （可用作介词和连词）for + 一段时间。 I have lived here since I came to this city. He hasnt come to visit us for a few months.翻译句子：1. 我从未听到过这么精彩的故事。_2. 自从1983年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。_八. 过去完成时（The past perfect tense）1. 表示在过去某一时刻以前已经完成的动作，或者表示发生在某一个过去的动作之前的动作，其构成是had +过去分词。例如：We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. By the end of last year they had produced 5, 000 bicycles.2. 表示过去未实现的希望、打算、原本的计划等，常用的动词有：think, suppose, hope, want, expect, plan等。例如：They had wanted to catch the first bus, but they didnt get up early enough.翻译句子：1. 她五岁的时候就学会了约1000个英语单词。_2. 我们赶到火车站之前火车就已经开走了。_九将来完成时（The future perfect tense）将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成的动作。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by/before (the time / the end of ) + 表示将来时间的短语和句子，其构成是：will/shall + have + 过去分词。例如：By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. I shall have finished this composition before 9 oclock.翻译句子：1. 明年的这个时候我们就会完成这个项目了。_2. 当我们到达机场的时候，飞机可能已经起飞了。_十现在完成进行时（The present perfect continuous tense）完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去，通常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for hours, all morning等，其构成是have/has + been + 现在分词。例如：We have been expecting you for several days.She has been writing letters all morning.翻译句子：约翰一整天一直在网上查资料。_十一. 过去将来时（The past future tense）过去将来时表示对过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，还可以表示过去习惯性的动作。其构成为：would + do或was/were going to do. 例如：She was sure she would make greater progress in the future.Whenever he had time, he would help them in their work.翻译句子：上星期日海伦和皮特告诉我他们打算去野餐。_ 注意时态的区别: 1一般过去时与过去完成时 一般过去时多与last year, yesterday, 3 years ago等表示过去的时间状语连用；过去完成时多与by the end of last year, 3 years before等时间状语连用。 A cold wind started yesterday evening. A cold wind was blowing from the north. It had started the evening before. 过去完成时一般不单独使用，上下文中通常要有另一个过去的动作相比较。即：当一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前时，该动作就用过去完成时。 The girl next to me on the plane was nervous. She hadnt flown before.2. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时 在无时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，表示动作延 续至今并仍在进行，而现在完成时则强调动作到目前为止已结束。例如：We have been living here for ten years. (强调还要继续住下去) We have lived here for ten years. I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it. 我已经花了三天的时间找我丢失的书，但还没有找到。I have found my book at last. 我终于找到了我的书。巩固练习：1. By the time you arrive in London, we _ in Europe for two weeks. A. had stayed B. shall stay C. will have stayed D. have been staying 2. I _ with some friends until I find a flat. A. am living B. live C. have lived D. will have lived 3. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.A. completed B. complete C. had completed D. have been completed 4. I thought I _ the door, but it is still open A. had closed B. was closing C. have closed D. would close5. You _ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. have always been watching6. -It seems that she is thinking about something. -Yes, she cannot remember what key she _ to her computer. A .set B. has set C. had set D. sets 7. -Why werent you at the meeting? -I _ an important visitor from the UK in my office. A. expected B. has been expecting C. was expecting D. had expected8. I have no idea what _ while I was asleep. A. has happened B. was happened C. had happened D. happened9. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet10. -Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be11. - Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets. - You _ something. A. have left B. are always leaving C. are leaving D. always left 12. - I _ so busily recently that I _ no time to help you with your math. - Thats OK. I can manage it by myself. A. have been working; have B. have worked; had C. am working; will have D. had been working; had had 13. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me. A. are writing B. will write C. has written D. write 14. He _ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him. A. will speak B. is going to speak C. had to speak D. was going to speak15. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 16. I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out. A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing 17. The traffic in our city is already good and it _ even better. A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting 18. - Where do you think _ he _ the computer? - Sorry. I have no idea. A. has; bought B. 不填; bought C. did; buy D. 不填; buys 参考答案：一1. Tom is never late for class.2. I visit my grandparents once a week.3. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.二1. In 1976, a strong earthquake took place in North China.2. When she was in Shanghai, she came to see us from time to time.三1. I am not going to take part in the competition.2. I think he will be a few