人教版新目标 初中语法知识专题 名词专项讲解与训练.doc

八年级下语法复习名词专题教案：(教师用)第一步：情景导入：第二步：查漏习题： 1. 词汇题：- 5 -_ n.橡皮；铅笔擦；黑板擦 _n.尺；直尺 _n.箱；盒；橱 _ n.双肩背包 _卷笔刀；铅笔刀 _ n.字典；词典 _ v.拼写 _ n.棒球 _ n.手表 _ n.电脑；电子计算机 _ n.钥匙 _ n.笔记本 _ n.环（状物）；戒指 _ adj.丢失的；遗失的 _adj.（find的过去式，过去分词）找回的 _ n.父亲或母亲 父/母 _ n.姨母；姑母；伯母；婶母 _ n.堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹 _ n.女儿 _ adj.美妙的；伟大的 _ n.梳妆台；碗柜 _ n.书橱；书箱 _ n.抽屉 _ n.植物 _ 闹钟 2.语法题：( ) 1. She was very happy. She _in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake ( ) 2. We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( ) 3. _are_ for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using ( ) 4. What big_ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 5. Please remember to give the horse some tree_. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave ( ) 6. -Can we have some _? -Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C. apple D. pear ( ) 7. On the table there are five_. A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato ( ) 8. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 9. He gave us_ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice ( ) 10. What_ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a 第三步：知识补缺：词汇：eraser n.橡皮；铅笔擦；黑板擦 ruler n.尺；直尺 case n.箱；盒；橱 backpack n.双肩背包 pencil sharpener 卷笔刀；铅笔刀 dictionary n.字典；词典 spell v.拼写 baseball n.棒球 watch n.手表 computer n.电脑；电子计算机 key n.钥匙 notebook n.笔记本 ring n.环（状物）；戒指 lost adj.丢失的；遗失的 found adj.（find的过去式，过去分词）找回的 parent n.父亲或母亲 父/母 aunt n.姨母；姑母；伯母；婶母 cousin n.堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹 daughter n.女儿 great adj.美妙的；伟大的 dresser n.梳妆台；碗柜 bookcase n.书橱；书箱 drawer n.抽屉 plant n.植物 alarm clock 闹钟 说明：本部分单词共25个，分5组记忆，用联想编故事的技巧记忆。1. 单词记忆技巧传授。2. 学生比拼展示自己记忆方法。3. 实战单词默写比赛。语法知识：名词：1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Beijing, Tom, the Peoples Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information .2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：在单数名词词尾加s。如：map maps, boy boys, horse horses, table tables.s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：classclasses, boxboxes, heroheroes, dishdishes, benchbenches.注：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photophotos, pianopianos.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：familyfamilies, citycities, partyparties.以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelfshelves, wolfwolves, lifelives, knifeknives.2、不规则变化：manmen, womanwomen, sheepsheep, toothteeth, fishfish, childchildren, oxoxen, goosegeese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of ricetwo bags of rice, a piece of paperthree pieces of paper, a bottle of milkfive bottles of milk. 3、名词所有格：1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：Childerns Day(儿童节), my sisters book(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如：Teachers Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s. 如：todays newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息),Chinas population(中国的人口).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).2、注解： s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunts(我阿姨家), the doctors(诊所) 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and Bs 的形式,如：Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my fathers(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)第四步：课堂效果验证：( ) 1. -Would you like_tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two_. A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges ( ) 2. He is hungry. Give him _ to eat. A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads ( ) 3. It really took him:_ to draw the nice horse. A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time ( ) 4. I would like to have_. A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks ( ) 5. Can you give me _? A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 6. Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ( ) 7. John bought_for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes ( ) 8. -How many _ have you got on your farm?-Ive got five. A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken ( ) 9. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ( ) 10. In the picture there are many_ and two. A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs ( ) 11. A group of_ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. JapaneseD. American ( ) 12. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass ( ) 13.-What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -Id like_. ! A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken ( ) 14. Children should make_ for old people in a bus. A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room ( ) 15.Tables are made of_. A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods 第五步：知识拓展延伸： 名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时, 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三 班有张中国地图)3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)9、用bothand连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)11、eitheror或者 neithernor连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)第六步：本课内容归纳总结&作业布置：作业内容：( ) 1.I wonder why _ are so interested in action (武打片) films. A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples ( ) 2.I have read_ of the young writer. A. works B. work C. this works D. the works ( ) 3. Lets meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of_? A. the Peoples Park B. the Peoples Park C. the People Park D. Peoples Park ( ) 4. _ Chinese people are _ hard working people. A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a ( ) 5. How many _ were there in the street when the accident happened? A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples ( ) 6.If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_. A. set B. one C. piece D. pair ( ) 7. Last week I bought a TV_. A. pair . B. set C. piece D. block ( ) 8.There is a of wood left on the ground. A. cup B. piece , C. box D. pair ( )