七年级英语下册 unit1unit8单元精品详解 牛津版.doc

unit 1 dream homes知识要点提示重点词汇dream 梦想， capital_首都 ，beach_海滩， quiet安静 ，bookshelf_书架 chalk粉笔，twentieth第二十，_ninth_九十，afraid担心， below_在下面 ， twelfth第十二，thousand千 重点短语 in _front_of 在。的前面， at least至少 ，next _ to靠近 ， make_ dinner做饭 ， cant wait to do_迫不及待 ，_at_ the same time同时 _，_take turns_轮流， be _different_ from与。不同 ， speak _to_ sb与。通话， _listen to_music 听音乐经典句型1 where else。？ (else放在不定代词后)2 sound great sound为连系动词3 would you like to.? 你想。？语法要点1. 介词的用法 区别 in front of , in the front of above/ on / over2. 基数词、序数词的用法 （特别注意基数词、序数词的读法和写法）6,425,200= six million, four hundred and twenty-five thousand, two hundredfirst, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, twenty-first交际用语电话用语重点、难点、考点解析1 would you like的用法would like的意思是“想”，“要”，“想吃(或喝)”，后接不定式或名词。 would you like to go to beijing with me? 你想和我一起去北京吗? would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡?id like to live next to a restaurant 我想住在餐馆附近。(page 2) id like = i would like 我想要(语气比较委婉)id like to ask you some questions 我想问你一些问题。2 big-原级 无比较对象,very, quite, toobigger-比较级 两者比较，than biggest-最高级 三者或三者以上，形容词最高级和the 连用,in, ofbill is the tallest in our class bill 是我们班最高的学生peter is the fattest of us.在我们之中，peter是最胖的3 look 的用法归纳;look out : look out of the window 向窗外看 look at the blackboard 看黑板 look for my bag 寻找我的书包 look forward to seeing sb 期待看到某人 look after 照顾 look like 看起来像look up 查阅 look out 小心（1）i have looked for my pen everywhere, but havent found it. 我到处找我的钢笔，但到现在还没有找到。（2）will you please look after my child while im away? 我不在时你能帮我照看一下孩子吗？（3） i am looking forward to seeing you again. 我盼望着再次见到你。（4） look out! the train is coming. 小心！火车来了。（5）if you dont know the meaning of a word, you can look it up in the dictionary. 如果你不知道一个单词的意思，你可以查阅词典。4 wooden adj -wood （n）that boy lives in a wooden house. 那个小孩住在一件木屋里。this is a wooden house.=the house is made of wood.5 rainvi. 下雨 rain a lot 下大雨n. 雨 (不可数名词)a lot of rain 大量的雨水6 while的意思是“当的时候”，“和同时”。 the teacher came in while the students were talking 当老师进来的时候，学生们正在说话。7 share vt合用，分享，常用以下两种结构： share sthwithamongbetween sb 与某人共同使用某物 share in sthwithamongbetween sb 与某人分享(感情、利害等) we share the toilet with my uncle 我们与叔叔合用一个洗手间。 we should share in our sorrows as well as joys 我们应该分担忧愁，分享快乐。(我们应该同甘共苦。)8 friendly adj. 友好的(名词形式：friend朋友) be friendly withto sb对某人很友好。9 above及another的用法 （1） above 指的是在什么的上方,通常是在某一个标参照物的上方位. there are two books on the desk, one is above the other.桌上由两本书。一本摞在另一本上。（2） above，below，over，under，on，above指在正上方，反义词是below，over指的是在什么的正上方,通常两个物体不接触.可以用over和under这一组反义词互换。而on指的是在(物体)的上面。如： theres a bridge over the river 河上有座桥。shall 1 write my answer below or above the line？我应该把答案写在线上方还是线下方?（3） on指的是在什么的上面,通常两个物体接触.my printer is on the desk.我的打印机在桌子上.（4）onethe other 一个。另一个 通常指的是两个或者是两部分之间的列举。(1) i have two brother. on e is a doctor, the other is a teacher.我有两个兄弟，一个是医生，另一个是教师。1 another指的是原有基础上的增加，无特定范围(2) this coat is too small for me. can you show me a bigger one?这件外套对我来说太小。 你能再给我拿一件大一点的给我看看吗？other 后面加名词，意思是“其他的” onethe other(1)neil is taller than any other student in his class.(2) i have two sisters. one is a doctor, the other is a nurse.neil 比班上的其他任何一个学生高。 the others 剩下来的，其余的 the boys of class 3 are on the playground. some are playing basket, the others are watching them.三班的男生都在操场上。 一些在打篮球，其余的在观看。others 别人=other+名词 as a student ,we must help others(=other people)作为学生，我们必须帮助别人。10 lie 躺 它的用法归纳如下：.lie作躺、卧时，过去式为lay,过去分词为lain,现在分词为lying，后面通常要跟介词短语或副词。 dont lie in the sun for too long.不要在阳光下躺得太久了。 the boy lay on the sofa.那男孩躺在沙发上。 后面也可以跟像awake, still, dead, open, empty等形容词，表示呈的状态。 the book lay open on the desk. 这本书摊开着放在桌子上。 作位于讲，词形变化同上：过去式为lay,过去分词为lain,现在分词为lying，后面也通常跟介词短语或副词。例如： the village lies to the north of the city. 这个村子位于城市的北边。 lie还可以作撒谎讲，这时过去式和过去分词都为lied，现在分词还是lying。后面可以接to sb. 表示对某人撒谎；也可以什么也不接，只表示撒谎。例如： i can tell from your face you are lying(to me).我可以从你的表情看得出你在(对我)撒谎。 . lay为动词原形，意思是放(在上)、产蛋等，过去式和过去分词都是laid,现在分词是laying。表示放(在上)时，为及物动词；表示产蛋时，可以是及物动词，也可以是不及物动词。例如： the teacher laid the book on the desk, and then left. 老师把书放在课桌上，然后就离开了。 the hen can lay a lot of eggs.这只母鸡能产很多蛋。 lie与 lay的用法与词形变化表词 义原形过去式过去分词现在分词及物/不及物位于/躺lielaylainlying不及物撒谎lieliedliedlying不及物放。上/产蛋laylaidlaidlying及物/不及物grammar（语法）重点、难点、考点解析1 方位介词(prepositions of place)介 词用于名词(词组)、代词或相当于名词词组的结构之前，表示词语之间的关系。方位介词属于其中的一种，用来表示地点、方位和位移。常用的方位介词可分为以下几组：（1）易混辨析 in front of in the front of in front of 在。的前面 li lei sits in front of me. 李雷坐在我前面。（外部，不属于我）in the front of the teachers desk is usually in the front of the classroom. 讲台通常是在教室的前面。（，在教室内部）the driver sits in the front of the bus.驾驶员坐在汽车的前部分。（内部，在汽车内部）【巧学妙记】 a tree(外部)(in front of) classroomthe teachers desk(内部)(in the front of) the tree is in front of the classroom and the teachers desk is in the front of it.树在教室的前面而讲台是在教室的前部（面）(2) between：between一般指两者之间，表示在三者或三者以上的之间，一般用among如： li lei sits between daniel and amy 李雷坐在丹尼尔和埃米中间。 look! the teacher is standing among her students 看!老师正站在她的学生中间。（3）next to beside 在 旁边隔壁the shopping mall next to my school 我学校隔壁的购物中心he sat next to me just now. 他刚才坐在我旁边 （4 ） opposite：opposite指在对面。如： the waitress stood opposite me 那服务员站在我对面。 2基数词：表示数目的数词为基数词，它在句中主要作定语，也可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语等。关于基数词的用法我们要注意以下几点： （1）基数词的构成： 21至99的两位数：十位数与个位数之间加连字符。如：22 = twenty-two 78 = seventy-eight 三位数：百位数与最后两位数之间(若十位数为0，则与个位数之间)，要加and(美国英语中可省去and)。如： 101 = one hundred(and)one 999 = nine hundred(and)nine 四位数：thousand之后，百位数之前加逗号，百位数与十位数之间(若十位数为0，则与个位数之间)加and。如： 1，401 one thousand，four hundred and one 表示一万以上的大数目：将数字从个位起每向前三位加一逗号，使一个数分成若干小节，分别称为thousand节，million节等，然后按节处理。如： 101，203，001 one hundred and one million，two hundred and three thousand and one表示十亿，美国用one billion，英国用one thousand million（2）基数词的运用： 以上这些表示确切数目的数词中，hundred，thousand，million，billion等一般用单数形式。但在以下几种情况里，基数词以复数形式出现。 用于表示不定数目。如： hundreds of (数百的) thousands of (数千的) millions of (数百万的) 表示“几十”的数词，其复数形式可以表示年龄或年代。如： he doesnt look like an old man in his eighties 他看上去不像80来岁的老人。 其他习惯用法。如：in two sand threes 三三两两的 3 序数词：表示顺序的数词为序数词，它在句中主要作定语，也可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语等。关于序数词的用法我们要注意以下几点：（1）序数词的构成： 除first，second，third外，从第四开始，由相应的基数词加词尾-th构成序数词。以ty结尾的基数词先将y变成ie，再加词尾th构成序数词。twenty-twentieth forty-fortieth 有少数几个基数词构成序数词时，拼写有变化。如: five-fifth eight-eighth nine-ninth twelve-twelfth 第二十一至第九十九：十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词。如： 第二十一 twenty-first，缩写为21st 第九十三 ninety-third，缩写为93rd 百位数的序数词：百位数用基数词+百位以后最末两位(或)一位的序数词。如： 第一百零一 one hundred and first，缩写为101st第一百二十三 one hundred and twenty-third，缩写为123rd顺口溜：基变序有规律，词尾加上th; 一，二，三要牢记，词尾字母t,d,d; 八减t,九减e,f来把ve替； 单词以y作结尾，需将y改ie; 若是碰到几十几，只变个位就可以。（2）序数词的运用： 序数词在句中主要作定语，起限定的作用，此时前面要加定冠词the如： he won the first prize 他赢得了第一名。序数词前面有形容词性的物主代词作定语，可以不加the。如： this is my second chance to go abroad 这是我第二次出国的机会。 有时序数词还可以起副词的作用，在句中作状语，意为“第一次”，“初次”。如：when did you first go to america? 你第一次去美国是什么时候?4 arrive 到达，是不及物动词，后面通常加介词in(大的地方)或at（小的地方） -when did you arrive in nanjing? 你是什么时候到南京的? - i arrived at the railway station at ten yesterday.我是在昨天十点到火车站的。表示“到达”意思的还有get to, reach共性 get to, reach, arrive都为动词，译为“到达”区别 get 要接介词 to，reach是及物动词，直接接地点arrive后面通常加介词in或atreach 也可以表示“够到”的意思。例句 when will you get to that village?你将在什么时候到那个村庄? the apples are too high to reach.苹果太高了够不到.5 cant wait to do sth 意思是 “迫不及待做某事” when the bells rings , the students cant wait to run out of the classroom.铃一响，学生们就迫不及待地跑出了教室。6 else 其它的，通常放在疑问代词和不定代词之后。 what else do you want to buy?你还想买什么其它的东西?do you have anything else to say?你还有什么其它的要说吗?7 finally =at last 意思是“最后”它的形容词形式是finalfinally, we found that lost boy in a small town.我们最后终于在一个小镇上找到了丢失的小男孩。8 sound 听起来 sound 是一个连系动词，之后必须要加形容词做表语 his ides sound wonderful. 他的想法听起来很好。 (1)sound like听起来像 (2) sound 也可以做名词译为“声音” i listened carefully, but there was no sound.我仔细地听了听，但是没有听到任何声音。 9 they are on a shelf.它们在一个书架上。shelf的复数是shelves,通常与介词on连用。 integrated skills重点、难点、考点解析1、how to make the phone calls? （1）用英语打电话时，询问对方是谁，不用who are you?而常用whos that? 或whos calling?（2）a: hello. may/ can i speak to, please?请问，我能找接电话吗？b: speaking. 我就是。（3）whos that (speaking )?你是谁 ？ whos calling？你是谁 ？ （4）.is that ?你是？ （5）1.this is (speaking).我是。 my name is a: hello?c: hello. _may_ i speak to neil, please?a: whos calling, please?c: my _name_ is li ming.a: im _afraid_ neil isnt in. can i take a _message_ ?c: yes, please _ask_ him to call me. my number is 37245982 im afraid he isnt here.恐怕他不在。（1）beafraidof是一个词组，afraid在这里作表语，它有“害怕，担心，恐怕”等意思。 iamafraidof dogs.我很害怕狗。 (2)当后面接动词时,要用动词的-ing形式： heisafraidofgoingoutatnight.他害怕晚上出门。 (3)它后面还可以接that从句： imafraidthathe cant come tonight.恐怕他今晚来不了了 。3 ill ask him to call you back.我会叫他给你回电。 ask sb 后面接不定式 ask sb to do sth是一个词组 意思是 请某人做某事 mr wang asked me to say something about my home.王老师要我谈谈我家的一些事情。4 here are at least 25 rooms.至少有25个 房间。at least意为“至少” least是 little的最高级 i know that english boy will stay here at least two weeks.我知道那位英国小男孩将会在这里呆至少两个星期5。mean的意思是“意味着”，“有的意思”。这里mean后面的句子叫宾语从句，可由连接词that引导，也可省略。它的名词是meaning “意思” this means a lot of people can have a shower or a bath at the same time 这就意味着许多人可以同时淋浴或泡澡。 6 there is a swimming pool which is 50 metres long 这里的which is 50 metres long是一个限制性定语从句，修饰前面的swimming pool7 i have a room with twelve showers and four bathswith此句为“带有”，“有特征”，此外还有“和起”，“用”等意思。 i live with my family in a wooden house 我和我的家人住在一间木屋里。 we write with the pens 我们用笔写字。8 at the same time意为“同时” there are many computers here. about 120 people can use the computer at the same time.这里有许多电脑。大约可以有120个人同时使用电脑。9 your home is different from mine.(p15页 a3)你的家和我的不同。be different from 意为 “与 。不同” my answer is different from yours.我的答案与你的不同。 different的名词形式是difference there are five differences between the two pictures. 这两幅图画有5个不同点。学法指导主题概述：书面表达是每年中考必考题型，是考查学生交际能力的一个重要组成部分。书面表达通常有三种形式：1、书信、日记、通知、留言、假条；2、看图作文；3、根据汉语提示作文。 无论是那一种书面表达形式都要求所写的短文紧扣主题、文理通顺，要素完整，语言准确、得当、格式正确、无大、小写和拼写错误，标点符号正确，能达到交际目的。解题策略：1. 审题目：要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。2. 圈要点：防止遗漏要点。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。3. 列提纲：为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。 4. 定基调：定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。5. 写全文：写短文时要做到以下六个方面：(1)避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。(2)多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。1）语态、时态要准确无误。2）主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。3）注意人称代词的宾格形式。 (4)不会表达，另辟蹊径。造句越简单准确越好。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。(6)改病句：认真检查，改正错误：1）格式是否有错。 2）拼写有无错误。3）语言是否用错。4）时态、语态错误。【试题范例】（2004年苏州市初中毕业暨升学考试试卷）假如你叫李强，是个中学生，想应聘(时代英语报)初中版的业余小记者。对方要求你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己的基本情况。短文应包括下表所列全部内容。姓名李强出生年月1988年2月出生地江苏 苏州相关经历有两年校报工作经历获奖情况2003年在全校英语竞赛中获第一名爱好看英文小说、集邮篮球特长英文写作、电脑联系方式注意：1情况介绍必须采用短文形式； 2短文要通顺、连贯； 3词数60左右，短文的第一句已为你写好，不计入总词数。 my name is liqiang._【解析】根据前面提到第六个步骤，我们来写一下这篇书面表达。1.审题目：通过审题目我们可以知道：本篇书面表达应是写一篇介绍张强的情况的文章。2. 圈要点：根据判断，文章须包括以下要点：1、自己的姓名、年龄和住址；2、自己的身份、特长和爱好及获奖情况； 3、自己的联系方式3、列提纲：1 name, li qiang, be born , in suzhou,february,1988 2 . a middle school student, like reading english stories,collecting stamps,playing basketball 3 be good at writing, computer, 4 win the first prize in the english contest 5 .e mail adress4、定基调：1. 时态： 介绍情况用一般现在时出生年月、获奖情况用一般过去时态。2. 人称用第一人称。3.可按提纲的顺序来写。4. 开头和结尾题目已经给出。5、写全文：1 my name is ii qiang. i was born in suzhou. jiangsu province in february. 1988. i have worked for our school newspaper for two years. i like english writing and computer best and i am very good at them. last year, i won first prize in the school english competition. i enjoy reading english novels and collecting stamps. my favourite sport is basketball. my e-mail address is 学习误点点拨2 anna will reach to my flat with his brother this sunday.（错误）anna will reach my flat with his brother this sunday.（正确）点拨:reach是及物动词,直接加宾语,所以要把to去掉。同样有到达意思的还有get(to),arrive in(at).3 we can see the teachers desk in front of the classroom. （错误）we can see the teachers desk in the front of the classroom. （正确）点拨：in front of在。的前面(外部) in the front of在。的前面(在内部)讲台肯定在教室内部，所以用in the front of。3 经典考题探究一、单项填空1 i usually _ a new word in my dictionary when i dont know how to read it.(江苏宿迁2004) a. look at b. look up c. look for d. look after2 can you tell me which season do you like ? (吉林市2004)awellbbetter cbest dmore3 -_ you _ the football match yesterday? -yes, i did. lt was great. (苏州市2004) a. did; see b. have; seen c. will; see d. were; seen4 -your coffee smells good! (苏州市2004) -its from canada. would you like _? a. it b. some c. this d. little5when did you reach the great wall? ( 四川2004)ago tobget oncget to6 ive heard of the story. it _ funny. （大连2004） a. looksb. tastesc. feelsd. sounds7 itissaidthatsarshaskilledmorethan_peopleworldwide. （杭州2003）a.twohundredsb.twohundredsc.twohundredsd.twohundred8 beijing won the right (权) of holding the 2008 olympic games in moscow _the night of july 13th, 2001. (福建宁德市)a. on b. inc. at d. before9 the cheese cake tasted so _ that the kids asked for more. (上海市2005)a delicious b well c badd badly10i asked lily for paper, but she didnt have . (江苏宿迁市2005) a. any; someb. any; anyc. some; anyd. some; some解析1 b look at 看 look up 查阅 look for 寻找 look after照顾 本句的意思是当我不知道单词怎么读时,通常在字典里查阅.2 c 一年有四个季节,所以要用最高级.3 a yesterday是一般过去时态的时间状语,所以选 (a)4 b 此题是一个委婉的建议,通常用some与 would like 连用表示.5 c reach=get to =arrive in/at 意为 “到达”.6 d hear of为听说,所以本句的意思是我听说过这个故事.他听起来有趣.7 d hundred 与数量词连用是用单数.8 a 在有特征或者是具体某天的晚上用介词on 9 a taste 是连系动词,接形容词做表语,句意为蛋糕尝起来好吃,所以小孩又要了一些所以选(a).10 c some通常 用在肯定句中 而any 通常用在否定和疑问句中。所以选c二、短文改错(本题共5小题；每小题1分，共5分)下面短文中，标有题号的每一行均有一个错误。若该行多一个词，把该词用斜线()划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉；若该行缺一个词，在缺词处加一个漏字符号()并在该行右边横线上写出该加的词；若该行错一个词，在错词下划一横线，并在该行右边横线写出改正后的词。it was childrens day. early in morning, i, together with 11. _my classmates, were going to the small river near our school. 12. _it was very dirty with rubbish in it. after we got to there, we did 13. _our best to pull all the rubbish out of the river, and it looks clean 14 _again. when we returned home, we were very tired, and we all 15._felt quite happy.解析 it was childrens day. early inmorning, i, together with 11. the my classmates, were going to the small river near our school. 12. wasit was very dirty with rubbish in it. after we got to there, we did 13. toour best to pull all the rubbish out of the river, and it looks clean 14. lookedagain. when we returned home, we were very tired, and we all 15. butfelt quite happy.三、 reading comprehension (阅读理解) (a) ( 2004年陕西)now tv programs play an important part in our daily life. we can get a lot of knowledge and a lot of fun from it. today is saturday. the following are some tv programs on different channels today. now read these tv programs and try to find some information for you and your family members. sxtv channel 7 13: 12 football matchxatv channel 4 15: 30 tv play sxtv channel 6 18: 30 cartoon filmcctv channel 1 12: 38 law today cctv channel 1 19: 00 news reportcctv channel 3 21: 00 the latest music根据短文的内容判断下列句子的正误,正确的用”a”表示，错误的用“b”表示。16. my grandfather is interested in laws. he can watch cctv channel 1 at noon.17 my father is a football fan. he prefers football matches. he can watch cctv channel 1.18 . my mother likes watching tv plays. she wants to watch xatv channel 4 in the afternoon.19. my sister is only six years old. i want to find a program for her. i think she can watch cctv channel 6. 20. im a student. i like music, but i am very busy tonight. so i can watch cctv channel 3