高三英语 阅读复习第三期 科普知识与现代技术13(1).doc

2014年高三英语 阅读复习第三期 科普知识与现代技术13【导读】进入太空已成为现实，那么人类探索太空的原因是什么呢？会遇到哪些困难呢？why should mankind explore space? why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on earth? these are questions that, understandably, are very often asked. perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. what drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? the wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possiblenearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. with knowledge, we can lessen its effects.exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be found. even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. resources may be more than physical possessions. knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. the techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. we have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space industry! while many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. while space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangersthe danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist. while earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. it is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.【文章大意】作者讲述了人类探索太空的原因，好处，困难，以及人类生活在其他星球的可行性和必要性。【篇章结构】段落关键词大意推测第一部分（para.1）explore space，so few apparent benefits，resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on earth用三个why引导的特殊疑问句引出本文主题：人类为什么要探索太空？第二部分（para.2）lies in our genetic makeup as human beings ， genetic tendency to expand wherever possible解释人类探索太空的生理原因：人类基因使然。第三部分（para.3-5）. dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for-allows minerals and other potential resources to be found-knowledge or techniques- medical applications；spin-offs，dangers探索太空能给人类带来的种种好处：对危险的识别和准备；发现矿物质和其他潜在的资源，增长的知识技巧在医学方面的运用，以及其他一些随之而来的好处。与此同时，探索过程会有一定的危险。第四部分（para.6）the adaptive ability of humans，have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.人类生活在其他星球的可行性。【信息提取】1why does the author mention the questions in paragraph1?a. to express his doubts.b. to compare different ideas.c. to introduce points for discussion.d. to describe the conditions on earth.2what is the reason for exploring space based on paragraph2?a. humans are nature-born to do so.b. humans have the tendency to fight.c. humans may find new sources of food.d. humans dont like to stay in the same place.3the underlined word spin-offs in paragraph 4 probably refers to_.a. survival chances b. potential resourcesc. unexpected benefits d. physical possessions4what makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?a. our genetic makeup. b. resources on the earth.c. the adaptive ability of humans.d. by-products in space exploration.【解析】1.【答案】c推理题。文章是典型的议论说明文，是提出问题，分析问题的套路。第一段通过提出一系列关于太空探索利弊的问题引发讨论。并不是真的有这些怀疑，也没有鲜明的正反观点，所以ab不对。d是无中生有。2. a【试题解析】主旨题。第二段是典型的总分总结构，主旨句在段首段尾。perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings 主要原因在于人类基因。perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible 而b选项错在fight这个词。c和d在第二段中没提及。3. c细节题。根据题干中的关键词spin-offs进行定位于第四段的we have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. 此句中的including是题眼，根据它后面的内容“预测地震，卫星预报天气以及通讯系统的进步”都是进行太空探索的衍生益处，由此可知，spin-offs所指的正确答案是c.4. c细节题。根据题干意思定位于文章的最后一段，surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets，由此可知，人类之所以能够生存在别的星球上，是因为人类的适应能力强。【词汇扩充】1.effort n.努力，尝试you should put more effort into your work.你应该更加努力地工作。he pulled harder on the rope, grunting with the effort.他边用力边哼声，使出更大的力气拉绳子。2. benefit n.利益，好处； vt.有益于，有助于； 使受益； 得益，受益ive had the benefit of a good education.我得益于受过良好教育。policies that will benefit society as a whole将有利于整个社会的政策3. identify vt.识别，认出； 确定could you identify your sunshade among a hundred others.你能从100把遮阳伞中认出你的那一把吗？would you be able to identify the man who robbed you?你能够认出那个抢你东西的人吗？4. survive vi.幸存，活下来 vt.比活得长，经历之后还存在； 幸存companies must be able to survive in the marketplace.公司必须有能力在市场竞争中生存下去。most parents expect that their children will survive them.大多数父母都希望子女能够比他们自己长寿。【长难句分析】1. we have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems.【句意】我们已经从太空探索的衍生品中受益，包括地震预测，卫星预报天气以及通讯系统的进步。【分析】整个句子是一个简单句，其中的including 是分词短语作伴随情况状语。benefit from 是固定短语，意思是从.中受益。2. while many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us.【句意】虽然很多资源都花费在似乎回报很小的事情上，但是太空探索使得一些有创造力并且勇敢智慧的