状语从句讲解 2012517.doc

初中英语教研组 状语从句一.概念 状语从句修饰主句中的动词,形容词,副词等,在复合句中作状语.引导状语从句的关联词是从属连词.状语从句用陈述句语序,一般位于复合句的句首或句末.当从句在句首时,从句后常用逗号和主句相隔.状语从句根据其在句中的不同作用分别表示时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件,比较,让步等。二.相关知识点精讲1、时间状语从句：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since （1）as、when、while用法一览表。类别作 用例 句asas表示“当的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生,不指先后。She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)whilewhile意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁”)（2）当主句是一般将来时或祈使句，表示将来的意义时，从句一般用现在时，简称“主将从现”。如：Ill ring up as soon as I get to Beijing.Tom will not go home until his parents call him.When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients.（3）until/till 引导的时间状语从句。 主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句用肯定形式，表示这一动作直到until/till所表示的时间为止。如：Ill wait for you until/till you come to see me. 主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时，用否定形式表示主句的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。 构成句式not.until，有时不用not，而用其他如never,nothing等表否定的词。如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework.（4）before 的有关句型 It will be +段时间+before+从句（一般现在时） “要过.才”It will be five years before he returns from England. It wont be long before +从句（一般现在时）“不久就会”It wont be long before he recovers from the injury.It was 3 years before he regained the love from his parents.It wasnt long before the whole nation rose up to drive the enemy out of their country.He rang off before I could answer it. （5） since引导的时间状语从句，表示“从以来”，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 结构为：It has been .since +从句/It is .since+从句。如：I have worked in this school since I graduated from Beijing University.It is 10 years since I began to study English.拓展：since后接的动词会影响句子意思的表达 正面翻译 在一般情况下，since用作连词表示“自从”时，它所引导从句的谓语通常应是非延续性动词。如：She has had another baby since I saw her last. 从上次我见到她以来，她又生了一个孩子。Weve been friends ever since we met at school. 自从我们在学校遇见以来一直是朋友。He hasnt stopped complaining since he got back from his holidays. 自从他休假回来，就不停地抱怨。反面翻译 但有时也可以是延续性动词或状态动词，不过此时应注意：延续性动词或状态动词所表示的通常是动作或 状态的完成或结束 (而不是其开始)。试体会下列句子及其相应的翻译：I havent heard from him since he lived in Beijing. 自从他离开北京以来，我一直未收到他的信 (“住在北京”的结束，即“离开北京”)。He has never come to see me since I was ill. 我病愈之后他还没来看过我 (“生病”的结束，即“病愈”)。It has been so long since we were all together. 好久我们没有在一起团聚了。(“在一起”的结束就是“没有在一起”)注意：如果要表示从句中的动作或状态延续至今，就应该用持续性动词的现在完成时，而不是用一般过去时。I havent seen you since I have been back. 我回来后一直未见到你。I havent had a good meal (ever) since Ive been here. 我自从来到这里后还没吃过一顿好的。Nothing has happened here since youve been away. 自你离开后，这里没有发生什么事。I have met him often since I have lived here. 自从我在这里住下之后，我常看见他。值得注意的特例 有个别时候(尤其是用于since I was a child, since we were young之类的表达)，持续性动词或状态动词的一 般过去时也可以表示动作或状态持续到现在 (多半有ever修饰)。如：Ive known her ever since I was a child. 自孩提时代起我就已经认识她了。Tom hasnt been home since he was a boy. 汤姆从小离家就没回去过。（6）引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有： hardly / scarcely when, no sooner than, as soon as ，once表示“一就” As soon as I have finished it , Ill give yu a call.Once you show any fear, he will attack you. We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining. directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that 一就He made for the door directly he heard the knock. each time, every time, next time, any time ,by the timeEach time he came to my city, he would call on me. the day, the time, the first(second, third )time, the spring (summer, autumn, winter)His mother died the spring he returned.2、 条件状语从句：if, unless, so (as) long as, in case, once, as far as, on condition that,. (1) 主句为祈使句、一般将来时或含情态动词时，从句用一般现在时。如：Ill see you off if there is nothing urgent. (2) 如if 引导的条件状语从句所表示的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行，动词要用现在完成时或进行时，主句通常用将来时。如：We will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it. (3)“祈使句+and/or引导的结果状语从句”中，祈使句在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。如：Use your hands, and youll find a way.=If you use your hands, youll find a way. (4)例句：You wont lose your weight unless you eat less and exercise more.You may borrow the book so long as（只要）you keep it clean.So far as I know（据我所知）, he will be away for three months.You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far away from the river bank.3、 原因状语从句：because, for, as, since, now that (1)because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后， because表示直接原因， 语气最强， 最适合回答 why 引导的疑问句。如： I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。注意： “not . because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句， 如： The country is not strong because it is large. 国强不在大。 (2)since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)， 较为正式， 语气比because弱。如： Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. 既然今天你休息,你最好帮我补数学。 (3) as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”， 语气比since弱， 较为正式， 位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。如： As it is raining, youd better take a taxi. 既然在下雨， 你最好乘出租汽车As you are tired, you had better rest. 既然累了， 你最好休息一下。I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我睡得早， 因为我筋疲力尽了。 (4) for引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因， 只提供一些辅助性的补充说明， for引导的原 因状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。如： He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能见过我， 因为我不在那里。4、 目的状语从句：so, that, so that, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等 (1) 引导目的状语从句的词或词组有so, that, so that, in order that, in case等，谓语动词常含有may, might, can, could, will, would 等情态动词。如：He gets up early every morning so that he can do some reading before he goes to school. (2) 当从句与主句主语一致时，用so as to, in order to。如：He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.=He worked day and night in order to success.5、 结果状语从句 (1 )由so.that， such.that引导。so.that， such.that的区别：so +形容词或副词+that so+形容词+a/an+名词单数+thatsuch+a/an（+形容词）+名词单数+that such+(形容词)+名词复数+that 如：It has such a high price that few people can afford.=Its price is so high that few people can afford. 当名词前面有many或much修饰时，用so而不用such。如：We have so much time that we can finish the work very well. (2) so.that句型的否定形式可用简单句too.to.或not.enough to代替。如：He is so young that he cant go ti school.=He is too young to go to school.=He is not old enough to go to school.6、 让步状语从句 (1) although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted. (2) even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。Ill get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air. (3) no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、 wherever、however等。“no matter+疑问词”不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。Dont trust him,