2012秋季口译口试必备政治话题.doc

口译口试必备政治话题 中日关系 关于侵华的历史 强行征用慰安妇是日本军国主义者在第二次世界大战当中所犯下的严重罪行之一。这是历史事实，我认为，日本政府应该承认历史事实，应该负起责任，郑重地、妥善地处理这一问题。历史，我认为，应该是一种强大的进步的力量，而不应该成为拖后腿的包袱。真理往往是最朴素的，那么以史为鉴面向未来就是一种最朴质最实在的解决问题的方法。今天是中日邦交正常化35周年，应该把握中日关系这一重要发展机遇，处理好涉及两国关系的政治基础的原则问题，拓展和深化交流与合作，巩固和壮大中日关系转化、改善和发展的势头。 It is one of the most grievous crimes committed by the Japanese militarists during the World War to acquire comfort women by force. This is the historical facts. I think, Japanese government should confess the facts and take the responsibility to deal with it seriously and properly. History, in my opinion, should give a strong impetus to the advancement instead of being a drag or burden. Truth is usually the simplest. Taking history as guidance and looking into the future is the simplest and most practical solution. Today is the 35th anniversary of Sino-Japanese normalization. We should take this important opportunity to develop Sino Japanese-relationship. We should take care of the principles related to the political basis between the two countries, expand and deepen the communication and cooperation, and confirm and strengthen the momentum of the transformation, improvement and development of Sino-Japanese relationship. 中日关系总体上保持了发展的势头，我们支持日本走和平发展的道路，我们主张以史为鉴，着眼未来，妥善处理存在的问题与分歧，使两国睦邻友好合作关系取得新的发展。 Development in Sino-Japanese relations has on the whole maintained a good progressive momentum. We support Japan in taking the road to development throng peace. We maintain that it is necessary to draw lessons from history, set our eyes on the future and properly handle the existing problems and disagreements so as to make new improvements in the friendly relationship and good neighborly cooperation between the two countries. 关于购岛引起的争端 日本政府不顾中方反复严正交涉，宣布“购买”钓鱼岛及其附属的南小岛和北小岛，对这些岛屿实施“国有化”。日本政府的这一行径是对中国领土主权的严重侵犯，中国政府和人民对此表示坚决反对和强烈愤慨。 Regardless of the repeated serious representations made by the Chinese side, the Japanese government announced the purchase of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated Nanxiao Dao and Beixiao Dao and the nationalization of these islands. What the Japanese government did constitutes a gross violation of Chinas territorial sovereignty. The Chinese government and people have expressed firm opposition to and strong indignation over this action. 过去20年，日本经济一直低迷，加上受到国际金融危机和去年“311”大地震的巨大冲击，经济发展前景很不乐观。国内党派斗争激烈，政府更迭频繁，充满不稳定和不确定性。日本经常有政客跳出来公开否认侵略历史，否认南京大屠杀、慰安妇等战争暴行，说明这股势力能量越来越大，已经影响到日本的政坛风向和政局走向。周边和国际上不少人都已经发出警示，日本正在走向“极右翼主义”。日本当局不仅不对右翼势力这股祸水严加管束，反而姑息纵容，甚至将其当作“挡箭牌”，用来对周边邻国进行挑衅，力图对外转移视线和矛盾，已造成日本与邻国之间关系普遍紧张。与此同时，日本政府还积极谋求修改和平宪法和无核三原则等，企图摆脱战后国际秩序的束缚。这些动向十分危险，值得警惕。 Japans economy has been in the doldrums over the past two decades. Hit hard by the international financial crisis and last years devastating earthquake on March 11, Japan can hardly afford to be optimistic about its economic outlook. Instability and uncertainties abound in the Japanese politics as a result of ferocious political infighting and frequent change of government. Some Japanese politicians would very often come out to publicly deny the history of Japanese aggression, the Nanjing Massacre, comfort women and other wartime atrocities. This show the right-wing forces have become so energetic and assertive that they are already affecting the climate and future course of Japanese politics. Japans neighbors and the international community have already warned that Japan is moving towards ultra-rightism. Rather than keeping a lid on the trouble-making right-wing forces, the Japanese authorities have chosen to appease and give a free rein to them. The Japanese authorities have even used these forces as a shield to make provocations on neighboring countries in order to shift the attention of its domestic public to somewhere else. This has strained Japans ties with almost all of its neighbors. At the same time, the Japanese government is quite active in trying to revise its peace constitution and the Three Non-Nuclear Principles in an attempt to get out of the bounds of the post-war order. These are highly dangerous developments that should put us on the alert. 造成中日关系今天局面的责任完全在日方，中日关系今后向何处去也将取决于日方。在中日邦交正常化以来的40年里，中方始终以中日关系大局为重，妥善处理双方矛盾和分歧。但中日关系的发展不能只靠中国单方面的努力，日方必须立即停止一切损害中国领土主权的行动，尽快回到双方达成的共识和谅解上来，尽快回到谈判解决争议的轨道上来。中方决不会承认日方对钓鱼岛的非法侵占和所谓“实际控制”，决不会容忍日方对钓鱼岛采取的任何单方面行动。中国政府和人民捍卫国家领土主权的意志和决心是坚定的，是任何力量也无法动摇的！ Japanese side that the responsibility for the current state of China-Japan relations rests fully with the Japanese side and the ball is in its court as to where our relations are heading in the future. Over the past 40 years since the normalization of China-Japan relations, China has always upheld the larger interest of bilateral ties and appropriately addressed problems and differences between the two countries. But China-Japan relations cannot grow only on Chinese effort alone. Japan must immediately stop all actions that harm Chinas territorial sovereignty and return as quickly as possible to the common understanding reached between the two sides and to the track of settling disputes through negotiations. China will in no way recognize Japans illegal occupation of and the so-called actual control over Diaoyu Dao. Nor will we tolerate any unilateral Japanese action on Diaoyu Dao. The will and resolve of the Chinese government and people to uphold Chinas territorial sovereignty are firm and will not be shaken by any force. 中国国际地位在日新月异地提升，中华民族任人欺凌的时代已经一去不复返了。我们要保持团结。近代史上，中国之所以饱受日本侵害，就是因为当时国家四分五裂，一盘散沙。今天的中国已远非昔日可比，只要我们万众一心，众志成城，就没有谁能在我们头上撒野，就没有任何外来挑衅能够得逞。我们要努力奋斗，把我们自己的事情办得更好，把祖国建设得更加强大。这是我们维护国家主权、挫败任何外来侵犯的坚实基础。 In face of the latest developments of the situation surrounding Diaoyu Dao, we should enhance confidence. We should note that our motherland is growing more prosperous and stronger by the day. Chinas international status is rising fast. Gone are the days when the Chinese nation was bullied by others at will. We should maintain unity. China had untold sufferings from the Japanese aggression in modern history, because our country was then as disunited as a heap of loose sand. But there is a world of difference in todays China. As long as we pull together and act in unison, nobody can ride roughshod over China and any external provocation is doomed to failure. We should work hard. We must run our own affairs well and make our country even stronger. This is the solid foundation for us to safeguard state sovereignty and foil any external aggression. 无主岛屿 terra nullius 固有领土 inherent territory 石油储备 oil reserve 中日“不存在领土争议”论。日本利用甲午战争非法窃取钓鱼岛，二战结束后，钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿根据开罗宣言和波茨坦公告业已回归中国版图。 Japan claims that there is no territorial dispute between China and Japan. In fact, Japan seized on the first Sino-Japanese war (1894-1895) and illegally occupied Diaoyu Dao. After the Second World War, Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands were returned to China according to the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation. condemnation and contempt from the international community国际社会的谴责和蔑视 It will for sure end up in shameful failure必将遭到可耻的失败。 Cairo Declaration, Potsdam Declaration开罗宣言、波茨坦公告 to strengthen mutual understanding, expand common ground, deepen mutual trust, promote cooperation, and properly settle our differences增进了解，扩大共识，加深互信，发展合作，妥善处理分歧 demarcation disputes over the East China Sea东海划线争端 coastal water areas bearing no dispute没有争议的近海水域 中美关系 两国元首就中美关系和其他共同关心的问题进行了深入、坦诚的会谈，成果丰富。双方积极评价中美建交三十年来两国关系取得的巨大发展，并就推进新时期中美关系发展达成一致。 The Presidents heldin-depth, productive and candid discussions on U.S.-China relations andother issues of mutual interest. They highlighted the substantialprogress in U.S.-China relations over the past 30 years since the establishment of diplomatic ties, and they reached agreement to advanceU.S.-China relations in the new era. 中美两国国情不同，双方存在一些分歧是正常的，关键是要尊重和照顾对方的核心利益和重大关切。中方赞赏奥巴马总统多次重申坚持一个中国政策、遵守中美三个联合公报，在台湾等问题上尊重中国主权和领土完整。双方重申互相尊重主权和领土完整这一根本原则，双方均不支持任何势力破坏这一原则的任何活动。我们将继续本着平等、相互尊重、互不干涉内政的精神，就人权和宗教等问题开展对话交流，以增进了解、减少分歧、扩大共识。 Given our differences in national conditions, it is only normal that our two sides may disagree on some issues. What is important is to respect and accommodate each others core interests and major concerns. President Obama on various occasions has reiterated that the U.S. side adheres to the one-China policy, abides by the three Sino-U.S. joint communiqus, and respects Chinas sovereignty and the territorial integrity when it comes to the Taiwan question and other matters. The Chinese side appreciates his statements. The two sides reaffirmed the fundamental principle of respecting each others sovereignty and territorial integrity. Neither side supports any attempts by any force to undermine this principle. We will continue to act in the spirit of equality, mutual respect, and a noninterference in each others internal affairs, and engage in dialogue and exchanges on such issues as human rights and religion in order to enhance understanding, reduce differences, and broaden common ground. 双方认为，培育和深化双边战略互信对新时期中美关系发展至关重要。在双方讨论中，中方表示，中国始终不渝走和平发展道路，始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略，致力于推动建立持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。美方重申，美方欢迎一个强大、繁荣、成功、在国际事务中发挥更大作用的中国。美方表示，美国致力于与其他国家共同努力应对所面临的最困难的国际问题。中方表示，欢迎美国作为一个亚太国家为本地区和平、稳定与繁荣作出努力。双方重申致力于建设21世纪积极合作全面的中美关系，并将采取切实行动稳步建立应对共同挑战的伙伴关系。 The two countries believe that to nurture and deepen bilateralstrategic trust is essential to U.S.-China relations in the new era. During their discussions, the Chinese side said that it resolutelyfollows the path of peaceful development and a win-win strategy ofopening-up, and is committed to promoting the building of a harmoniousworld of enduring peace and common prosperity. The United Statesreiterated that it welcomes a strong, prosperous and successful Chinathat plays a greater role in world affairs. The United States statedthat it is committed to working with other countries in addressing themost difficult international problems they face. China welcomes theUnited States as an Asia-Pacific nation that contributes to peace,stability and prosperity in the region. The two sides reiterated thatthey are committed to building a positive, cooperative andcomprehensive U.S.-China relationship for the 21st century, and willtake concrete actions to steadily build a partnership to address commonchallenges. 双方重申，互相尊重主权和领土完整这一根本原则是指导中美关系的中美三个联合公报的核心。双方均不支持任何势力破坏这一原则的任何行动。双方一致认为，尊重彼此核心利益对确保中美关系稳定发展极端重要。 The two countries reiterated that the fundamental principle ofrespect for each others sovereignty and territorial integrity is atthe core of the three U.S.-China joint communiqus which guideU.S.-China relations. Neither side supports any attempts by any forceto undermine this principle. The two sides agreed that respecting eachothers core interests is extremely important to ensure steady progressin U.S.-China relations. 双方将进一步加强宏观经济政策的沟通与信息交流，共同努力采取调整国内需求和相关价格的政策，促进更加可持续和平衡的贸易与增长。中方将继续落实政策，调整经济结构，提高家庭收入，扩大内需，增加消费对国内生产总值的贡献，改革社会保障体系。美国将采取措施提高国内储蓄占国内生产总值的比重，推动可持续的、非通货膨胀式的增长。为此，美方致力于将联邦预算赤字降到一个可持续发展的水平并采取措施鼓励私人储蓄。双方将采取前瞻性的货币政策，并适当关注货币政策对国际经济的影响。 The two sides will further enhance communication and the exchange ofinformation regarding macro-economic policy, and work together topursue policies of adjusting domestic demand and relative prices tolead to more sustainable and balanced trade and growth. China willcontinue to implement the policies to adjust economic structure, raisehousehold incomes, expand domestic demand to increase contribution ofconsumption to GDP growth and reform its social security system. TheUnited States will take measures to increase national saving as a shareof GDP and promote sustainable non-inflationary growth. To achievethis, the United States is committed to returning the federal budgetdeficit to a sustainable path and pursuing measures to encourageprivate saving. Both sides will also pursue forward-looking monetarypolicies with due regard for the ramifications of those policies forthe international economy. 双方认识到开放贸易和投资对本国经济和全球经济的重要性，并致力于共同反对各种形式的保护主义。双方同意本建设性、合作性和互利性的态度，积极解决双边贸易和投资争端。双方将加快双边投资协定谈判。双方承诺推动多哈发展回合在2010年达成一个积极、富有雄心、平衡的最终成果。 The two sides recognize the importance of open trade and investmentto their domestic economies and to the global economy, and arecommitted to jointly fight protectionism in all its manifestations. The two sides agreed to work proactively to resolve bilateral trade andinvestment disputes in a constructive, cooperative, and mutuallybeneficial manner. Both sides will expedite negotiation on a bilateralinvestment treaty. The two sides are committed to seeking a positive,ambitious, and balanced conclusion to the Doha Development Agenda in2010. 双方积极评价二十国集团三次金融峰会在应对国际金融危