高考英语 专题02 冠词考纲解读及热点难点试题演练.doc

专题02 冠词-2014年高考英语考纲解读及热点难点试题演练冠词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题，而且基本都设两空。一般情况下，试题的情景较为曲折，句式以复合句为主。另外，在短文改错和语法填空中也常常涉及冠词的考查。考查要点主要包括：1考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。2考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。3考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。 4考查零冠词的运用。另外，还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则： (1)单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指； (2)复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词； (3)无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。 2014年高考将继续把冠词的基本用法作为考查重点，而冠词的活用仍会成为2014年高考考查的难点。 一、定冠词1表示特指。pass me the magazine on the desk.请把桌上的杂志递给我。二、不定冠词3用于具体化了的抽象名词前。he was a success in business.他是事业成功人士。三、零冠词1用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。knowledge begins with practice.知识从实践开始。teachers should be respected.教师应该受到尊重。2东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词，如：new years day, christmas, national day, army day等；但中国的节日一般用定冠词，如：the spring festival, the midautumn festival等。3月份、日期前一般不用冠词，如：in october, on march 8等。4三餐名词前不用冠词，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch等。5表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词，如：play football/cards/chess等；但乐器名词前需加定冠词，如：play the violin/the piano等。6用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。john is captain of the team.约翰是这个队的队长。they elected him president of the society.他们选他为协会会长。7用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。he was a teacher before he turned writer.他成为作家之前是教师。10用于某些独立主格结构中。the teacher came in, book in hand (with a book in his hand)老师走了进来，手里拿着书。四、冠词在固定搭配中的用法1用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by weight, by height等。2在句型“动词sb.介词the身体某部位”中的the不可用人称代词替代。take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸此外，在be red in the face (脸红), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)等结构中，名词前要用the。3用于某些习惯用法，如have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry, at a loss (茫然，不知所措)等。4有些习语中有无冠词意义完全不同。如：【高考回眸】1(2013福建，21)the “chinese dream” is _ dream to improve peoples wellbeing and _ dream of harmony，peace and development.athe；a ba；a ca；the dthe；the2(2013江西，32)animals are obviously _ lower form of life than _ man.aa；/ bthe；the ca；the d/；/【答案】a3(2013山东，22)it was_cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across_night sky.a/；a ba；the cthe；a dthe；/4(2013江西，19)marco polo is said to have sailed on _ pacific ocean on his way to java in _ thirteenth century.athe；a ba；/ c/；the dthe；the5(2013浙江，15)people develop _ preference for a particular style of learning at _ early age and these preferences affect learning.aa；an ba；/ c/；the dthe；an6(2013重庆，32)the parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee.aa；/ bthe; / cthe; an da; an考点1、不定冠词的用法【例1】 we can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world.aa； a ba；the cthe；a dthe；the【例2】 it is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _ man.aa；a ba；the cthe；the da；/【例3】 first impressions are the most lasting.after all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression.aa；the bthe；the ca；a dthe；a【例4】 being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.athe；the ba；a ca；/ d/；a【特别提醒】不定冠词的用法泛指单数和首提，某个/每个/又一个；物质名词具体化，相同还是抽象词；三餐四季有修饰，感叹句中有名单。泛指的单数可数名词前和首次提到的单数可数名词前；表示又一个，某一个(a second；a certain.)具体化的物质名词和抽象名词前(a success，a surprise.)有修饰词的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper，a warm winter)感叹句中有单数可数名词。(how lovely a girl！)考点二、定冠词的用法【例5】 as is known to all, _ peoples republic of china is _ biggest developing country in the world.athe；/ b/；the cthe；the d/；/【例6】 i am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.it is not your fault.with _ rushhour traffic and _ heavy rain，it is no wonder you were late.aa；a bthe；the c/；/ d/；a【例7】 what i need is _ book that contains _ abc of oil painting.aa；/ bthe；/ cthe；an da；the【例8】 the biggest whale is _ blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9story building.athe；the ba；a ca；the dthe；a【特别提醒】定冠词的用法特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；某些专有名，习语和乐器。特指某些人或事物；谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物；上文已经提到的人或事物；世界上独一无二的事物前；序数词、形容词的最高级前；某些专有名词前；一些习惯短语(如in the day等)中和西洋乐器名词前(如：play the piano)难点1、零冠词的用法【例1】 sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of george.a/；/ bthe；/ cthe；the d/；the【例2】 some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world.a/；the bthe；/ can；the dthe；a【例3】 its _ good feeling for people to admire the shanghai world expo that gives them _ pleasure.a/；a ba； / cthe；a da；the【例4】 many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body.aa；/ b/；the ca；the d/；/【特别提醒】不用冠词的情况口诀下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前：专有名词表泛指，学科球类三餐前；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。以上口诀主要概括了一般应对“免冠”的几种情况，即：名词前已有作定语的this，that，some，my等限定词；泛指的专有名词和不可数名词前；表示学科的(如english，maths，physics)等名词前；球类运动的名词前及三餐总称前；复数名词表示泛指(一类人或事物)时；节日、季节、星期、月份前；表示颜色(如：its red/yellow)、语种(如：speak english/japanese)和国家的非全称名词(如：we live in china.they come from america.)前； 1 _ m(m)oney plays an important role in _ material world.but you cant expect it to give you real happiness.aa；the b/；a c/；the dthe，the2 my friends birthday is coming soon.i would like to go to _ store，or some places close by to buy him _ present.athe；the ba；the c/；a dthe；a3 how did you do in your essay?i got _ okay grade，but mr.jones gave sarah top marks.shes _ teachers pet，you know.a/；a ban；/ c/；the dan；a4it is said that _ wool produced in australia is of _ high quality.a/；/ bthe；/ cthe；a dthe；the5which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?_ younger one.he is _ most humorous man.aa；a ba；the cthe；a dthe；/6i dont know who invented _ iphone，but i think it is _ useful invention.athe；a bthe；the can；the dan；a7 keeping a diary is _ good habit，by which youll make _ great progress in writing.aa；a ba；/ cthe；a dthe；/8have you seen _ pen？i left it here this morni