Book 11_U4_重点词汇讲解.doc

U4 重点词汇讲解1. preview （1）n事先查看，查阅（of）预看；预先审查（或检查）；预习They sent the recording for our preview. 他们把那录音送来给我们预先审查。（2）vt.预览、预习；预演；试映（电影）The play is due to be previewed tonight.这出戏定于今晚试演。Youd better preview the text before class. 你最好在课前预习好课文。【拓展】表示时间和顺序先后等意义的前缀有：pre, ex, post, fore（1）pre： 前，领先，在之前prevent 防止 prehistoric史前的 preface序文 predict预言 previous早先的（2）ex：外，先前ex-boyfriend前任男友 except除外 ex-student往届生（3）post：后Postwar战后 postgraduate研究生 postphone延迟 postelection选举后即学即用(1) 我们看了一部新电影的试映。We saw a _ of the new movie.(2) 在试映影片之后，我们决定把它搁置起来。After we _ the film, we decided to solve it.2. toast（1）n祝酒，干杯；祝酒词烤面包，吐司被敬酒的人(或事)the S极受欢迎的人(或事)the S(+of)Id like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.我提议为新娘新郎干杯。Lally was spreading marmalade on a piece of toast. 拉莉在一片吐司上涂柠檬果酱。 The King was the first toast drunk by the officers. 国王是军官们第一个敬酒祝贺的人。 After the success of her show she was the toast of Broadway. 演出成功之后她成了百老汇的大红人。 (2)vi/vt烤(面包等) ，烘(手等)、取暖举杯为祝酒，提议为干杯She toasted bread for breakfast. 她烤面包当早餐。 She sat toasting in the sun. 她坐在阳光下取暖。 【拓展】roast, bake, toast, barbecue(1) roast 是专门指“烤”的单词，把肉放在火上烤，属于动词或形容词词性，用做名词专指烤肉、烧饭。（2）bake 除了“烤”的意思之外，还有烘焙，因受热而发干发硬的意思，且只有动词词性。（3）toast 专门指烤面包片、吐司，将做好的面包烤热，另外还有干杯，祝酒，敬酒之意。（4）barbecue 用作名词专指户外烧烤或者烧烤架，还有户外烧烤会的意思，用作动词专指烤牛排即学即用（1）他们举杯祝贺新协议签订。 They _ the signing of the new agreement.(2) 我提议为来宾的健康干一杯。 I propose a _ to the health of the guests.(3) 冬天早晨他总在火炉前烘脚。 He always_ his feet before the fire on winter mornings.3. shrinkvi/vt 过去式: shrank/shrunk 过去分词: shrunk（ 使）收缩，缩短，皱缩（ 使）变小，变少，变瘦畏怯，回避，退避(+from) This dress material shrinks in the wash. 这种衣料一洗要缩水。Hot water shrinks wool. 热水会使羊毛皱缩。When his influence began to shrink, his wealth also decreased. 当他的影响缩小时，他的财富也减少了。Shortage of hands has shrunk our plants yearly output. 人手不足已使我们厂的年产量减少。The boy shrank into a corner when the bully threatened to beat him. 恶棍威胁说要揍那男孩，男孩便退缩到一个角落里。 She shrinks from meeting strangers. 她怕见生人。 即学即用(1) 只要做的对，他们无所畏惧。 They did not _ what was right.(2) 我的毛衣洗后缩水了。 My sweater _ in the wask.4. spacious (adj.) 广阔的，宽敞的 （知识）广博的，宽裕的 辽阔的，广褒的We entered a spacious dining room.我们来到一个宽敞的餐厅。Their dinning room is very spacious.他们的餐厅很宽敞。【拓展】broad, spacious, wide(1) broad 宽的，广阔的 广泛的 宽宏的，豁达的，指身体部位宽肩、宽背；人的观点和气量。(2) spacious 辽阔的，广褒的（经常修饰空间）(3) wide 表示睁大眼睛、张大嘴巴，还可以作副词，表示“完全、大大地”broad shoulders/backwith wide eyesopen ones mouth wide 即学即用(1) 清理了旧家具，屋里更宽敞了。The clearance of the old furniture made the room_.(2) 新的宽阔的广场正在修建之中。The new _ square is under construction.(3) 听到这个消息，他睁大眼睛看着我。At the news he looked at me with his eyes_ open.5. landscape （n）（1）n（陆上的）风景，景色，山水【C】 风景画，山水画【C】；风景绘画（或摄影）【U】He attained the top of perfection in landscape painting.他的山水画的技巧达到了炉火纯青的地步。landscape architecture 园林建筑学（2）vt./vivt. 在（一片土地）上造园，使自然美化vt. 从事景观美化（或园艺）工作，进行造园工程Were having the hotel grounds landscaped.我们在旅馆的庭院里建造园林。【拓展】view, outlook, landscape, scenery, scene(1) view 观点，意见；指从远处或窗户看到的视野范围内的风景。(2) outlook 前景，尤指从人的观念出发。(3) landscape 地貌，地形；（自然的）风景，景色；风景画。(4) scenery 风景，景色，舞台布景，强调从美的角度看，主要是指自然风光，尤指大面积的自然风光。(5) scene 指从远处看到的某一具体的景色，景象，也可以指人物的活动场面；（犯罪的）地点，现场。 即学即用用view / scene /scenery /sight 填空 (1) The police quickly reached the _of the murder.(2) If you stand here, youll get a better _ of the river.(3) She preferred a good_ to a portrait.(4) The West Lake is famous for its _ .重点短语1. decide on(1) 决定，选定，确定Dont decide on important matters too quickly.不要过于匆忙地对重要的事情作决定。(2) 考虑后决定Finally, she decided on a pink dress.最后，她选定了一件粉红色的衣服。【拓展】decide, determine(1) decide 指经过询问、研讨和考虑之后，在几种可能的选择之中作出决定。decide against 决心不，决定不采取，决定反对，判决某人败诉。decide between 于两者中选择其一。decide for/ in favor of 作出有利于的决定，赞成做某事，判决某人胜诉。decide on/ upon 对作出决定/决议。（2）determine 指决心作某一件事而不动摇。即学即用(1) 她决定星期日而不使星期一离开这里。She _ _ leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.(2) 我们已经决定要提前完成这项工作。We have _ _ get the work done ahead of schedule.(3) 如果你不打算喂母乳，那么你得决定选一种婴儿奶粉（水）。If you are not planning on breastfeed, you have to _ _ a formula.2. look through(1) Look through a window. 穿过窗户看去(2) Look through the enemys tricks. 识破敌人的种种花招(3) Look through sthbexamine or read sth quickly. 快速检查某事物；快速阅读某物(4) Look through the papers, will you?请你过目那件文件好吗？(5) I gave her article a quick look-through她的文章我匆匆读过一遍。(6) Be it helpful to look through the newspaper?浏览报纸有帮助吗？(7) I gave her article a quick look through她的文章我匆匆读过一遍.(8) Is it helpful to look through the newspaper?浏览报纸有帮助吗？(9) look through a book or other written material. 审核书或者其他的写作材料。(10) The window is clear enough to look through.这些窗子干净，很透明【拓展】get through 接通；完成；通过go through浏览；经历；检查，审查break through突破live through活过，经历仍然活着即学即用用get through /go through /break through /live through 填空(1). Our troops had no difficulty in _the lines of the enemy.(2). The old man cant _ the winter if not operated on immediately.(3). She _ her notes before the exam.(4). The country has _ too many wars.(5). _ the task, they went home.3. take up(1) I must take you up on that point. 我一定要就那个问题和你辩论。 (2) She took up the narrative where John had left off. 她接著讲约翰未讲完的故事。 (3) Shes taken up with an unemployed actor. 她跟一个失业的男演员混得很熟了。 (4) Id like to take you up on what you said about unemployment. 对於你谈过的失业情况，我想向你提出问题。 (5) This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方了。(6) Blotting-paper takes up ink. 吸墨纸能吸墨水。(7) This chapter takes up where the last one left off. 本章接续上一章谈到的内容。(8) She takes up her duties/responsibilities next week. 她下周开始履行职责。 即学即用(1) That hotel has 500 beds, but it can _ more guests than that. A. set up B. put up C. take up D. turn up(2) When he left school, he _ journalism. A. take up B. take on C. take over D. take off参考答案：重点词汇1. （1）preview (2) previewed 2. (1) toasted (2) toast (3) toasts3. （1）shrink fr