课堂笔记整理.doc

本资料来自于资源最齐全的世纪教育网课堂笔记整理SectionA1.-How do you study for a test？为了准备考试，你是如何学习的呢？-I study by working with a group。我是通过与小组的同学一起合作来学习的。【用法】by+doing 表示方法，手段或原因，此时by引导的介词短语多用做状语。by的用法： 相当于near，在附近，在旁边。Theres a policeman standing by my car. by+时间，“在以前，不迟于” Will you finish it by tomorrow？ 用于被动语态“被” The story is written by Lu Xun。 后接交通工具“用，乘” Li Lei goes to school by bike every day。2.What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?为了练习发音，朗读怎么样？1）what about+doing/sth.常用来询问事情的状态或征求对方的意见。2）pronunciation是名词，“发音，发音法” 动词为：pronounce “发音，正确吐字”的意思。 I dont know the pronunciation of the word/I dont know how to pronounce the word.【比较】 aloud 副词，“大声地”，表示声音足以让别人听见。但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。He is reading the story aloud to his little son. 他正在朗读这篇故事给他的小儿子听。 loud 形容词或副词，侧重于“大声，高声”用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 read aloud 朗读 Suddenly I heard a loud noise。 突然我听见了很响的声音。loudly 副词，侧重于大声喧闹,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。 Dont speak so loud./ Dont speak so loudly. 别那么大声说话。3. sometimes 有时，频率副词，用how often 提问 【辨析】 some times 几次 用 how many times 提问 sometime 某时 / some time 一段时间4. Its hard to understand the voice。很难听懂这些说话声。1）tooto 表示“太而不能”=sothat 如此以致2） voice 名词，着重指人的声音，如说话，谈笑，唱歌等。Her voice sounds sweet。 noise名词，指不悦耳，不和谐的噪音。There are lots of people and much noise in the street。 sound 作名词时，多指声音的总称。还可以作系动词 后+形容词“听起来” The sound of music is very good。 5.Some students had more specific suggestions。一些学生有更具体的建议。【讲解】 specific形容词，意思是“明确的”，其同义词为exact，副词是specifically。6.She said that memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little。他说记忆流行歌词也能起一定的作用。 1）句子结构：含有宾语从句的复合句2） memorize 动词，“记忆，背诵”She can memorize new words very quickly./ Memorizing texts is hard work.memory名词，表示“记忆力，记性”或记忆的事物，事件”. He has a good memory.7.Sometimes,however,he finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak to quickly. 然而，他有时发觉看电影很令人失望，因为（电影中）人们说话太快。 frustrating 形容词，意思是“令人沮丧的，令人失望的”，用来描述事情。 I find it frustrating that I cant speak other languages。我不会说别的语言，感到很沮丧。 frustrated 形容词，可表示“灰心的，失望的”，用来描述人。 She got very frustrated because she failed the exam。 因为考试不及格，她感到很灰心。 frustrate 动词，“是沮丧，使灰心” Bad weather frustrated the travelers at the airport。恶劣的天气使机场的旅客很沮丧。frustration名词 “灰心，不满”Every job has its frustrations。每种工作都有让人不称心的地方。8.We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese 1）excited 形容词，指人“兴奋的，激动的”exciting 形容词，指事物“使人兴奋的，让人激动的”be / get excited about sth.= be / get excited about doing sth. = be excited to do sth. 对感兴奋 如： I am / get excited about going to Beijing.= I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。2）end动词，“结束，终止”作名词，表示“末端，结尾” end in sth 以某事物作为末端或结尾。end up 告终，结束 end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 end up with sth. 以结束 如：The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。sectionB1.I make mistakes in grammar。我总在语法上出现错误。 1）mistake 可作名词，“错误，误会”2） make a mistake 犯错误，出差错 The waiter made a mistake over the bill。服务员把账算错了。by mistake 错误地（因粗心，遗忘等所致） He took my bag by mistakes。他拿错了我的包。mistakefor错把当作 I mistook you for your brother。我误将你当你你的弟弟了。2.Why dont you join an English language club to practice speaking English？【提建议】Why dont you=Why not do？ 为什么不做？ 如：Why dont you go shopping? =Why not go shopping? Lets do！ 让我们做吧 如：Lets go shopping What about doing？=How about doing？ 做怎么样？如：What/ How about going shopping? Would you like to do？ 你想做？ 如：would you like to go shopping?Shall we do？ 我们做，好吗？如：Shall we/ I go shopping?3.I dont have a partner to practice English with.我没有一起练习英语的伙伴。【讲解】动词不定式短语to practice English with 作定语，修饰中心词partner，由于a partner在逻辑上充当介词with的宾语，所以不定式短语中的介词with不能省略。I want a pen to write with。 我要一支笔用来写字。4. 1）to begin with 是固定结构，表示“起初”相当于at first / first of all 首先2）later on 后来，以后，相当于later5.I was also afraid to speak in class，because I thought my classmates might laugh at me。1） be afraid of sth/doing sth. He is afraid of his mother./ She is afraid of flying.be afraid to do sth Im afraid to go out at night。 我害怕夜间外出。be afraid+that引导的从句 Im afraid that the train will be late。恐怕火车会晚点。2）laugh 表示出声的笑 laugh at sb. 嘲笑，笑话，取笑（某人）如：Dont laugh at me! 不要取笑我!3）当think用其过去式thought，后面接宾语从句时，thought常表示“原以为”实际上却不是，从句要用虚拟语气。6.So I decided to take lots of gramma notes in every class。于是我决定每堂课都做大量的语法笔记。1）decide to do sth 做决定，下决心。 2） take notes 做笔记，做纪录，此时 notes常用复数形式。7.Now I am enjoying learning English and I got an A this term。1）enjoy+doing 喜欢做某事 2） an的用法 在元音因素（音标）前 表示一个 用 an8.My teacher is very impressed。我的老师很感动。使某人铭记某事 impess sth on sb My father impressed on me the importance of work。 impress sb with sth My father impressed me with the importance of work。9.You said you couldnt understand people who talked fast。你听不明白那些讲话快的人。1）you couldntfast。是宾语从句 2） people who talked fast 定语从句selfcheck and reading1.Howdeal with？处置=Whatdo with？ How do you deal with your problem?2. unless连词 “除非否则”除非，如果不(不用于假想的事)等于“if not”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。例：My baby sister wont cry unless shes hungry.=My baby sister wont cry if she isnt hungry.Unless you take more care, youll have an accident.如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。 Unless you start at once , you will be late. 除非你马上出发,否则你要迟到了. 3.worry about （be worried about） 担心、担忧4.be angry with 生某人的气 I was angry with her. 我对她生气。5.stay angry 生气6.go by 消逝Two years went by. 两年过去了。7.affect (vt.)影响,感动 Worrying about our problem affects how we do at home. 8. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如： 如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 她看见他正在教室里画画。9. have disagreements有分歧 ,意见不同10 last 最后的,末尾的 例如：last week; last month 持续 例如：The rain will last for a week.11. regard as 把看作为. ,as后可接名词,形容词等, 如：The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。 I regard them as very important.我认为他们非常重要.12.complain about抱怨 Many students complain about school. He often complains about the weather here. 13. too many太多修饰可数名词如：too many girls too much太多修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk much too太修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful14.changeinto把转变为 We must learn how to change problems into challenges. 15.try ones best to do sth尽某人的最大能力去做某事 如：She tried her best to finish every work. 16.with the help of 在.的帮助下 . = with ones help 在某人的帮助下 如：with the help of LiLei = with LiLeis help 在李雷的帮助下17.think of (think about)想起、想到18.compare A to B 把A比作B如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。 Scientists sometimes compare the human brain to a computer. 科学家有时将人脑比作电脑。 19. physical problems 身体上的问题 20. face the challenge面对挑战 21. instead 代替用在句末，副词（字面上常不译出来）如：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead？ 我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗？Stuart was ill, so I went instead. 斯图尔病了，所以换了我去。Last summer I went to Beijing. This year Im going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。 instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，动词如： I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。 He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游泳。Lets play cards instead of watching TV. Give me the red one instead of the green one.22. forget about (口语)不要放在心上;忘掉 Did you forget about the meeting ? He forgot about sweeping the floor .23. break off 中断 break off a friendship断绝友谊;断交 24. in a way用某种方式 ; in a positive way以正面的方式 1.how to swim 怎样游泳不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定式短语。如： The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。 I dont know where to go. 我不知道去哪。 系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。 连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词 作表语外，一般都是接形容词。如：They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired. The student went to park by bus.2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。talk to sb. = talk with sb. 与某人说话3. a lot 许多 常用于句末如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。a lot of许多= lots of 许多常与名词连用 a lot of books4 not at all 一点也不 根本不 如： I like milk very much. I dont like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。5 . also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末I am also a student. 我也是一个学生 I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。6. make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。7. take notes 做笔记，做记录 8. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做 如： She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。9. native speaker 说本族语的人10. make up 组成、构成 11. one of +(the+ 形容词最高级)+名词复数形式 其中之一 如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。12. Its +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事 如：Its difficult (for me ) to study English. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English13. practice doing 练习做某事 如：She often practices speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。14. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如： LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。15. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problems.16. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 如：Mother worried about her son just now. 妈妈刚才担心她的儿子。17. perhaps = maybe 也许18. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。19. each other 彼此 20. look up 查阅（字典）如：If you dont understand the word, you can look up this word in the dictionary. 如果你不理解这个单词，你可以在字典中查阅当遇到代词时，应把代词放在中间如：look it /them up 21. find + 宾语 + 宾补（名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等） 例：