纳米科技飞速发展展现我们对新知识的不断追求.doc

/纳米科技飞速发展展现我们对新知识的不断追求/纳米科技飞速发展展现我们对新知识的不断追求所谓纳米尺度是指十亿分的一米，约为人类头发直径的八万分的一，相当于十个氢原子的直径长。纳米科技涵盖材料、微电子、计算机工程、化工、化学、物理、医学、航天、环境、能源以及生物等各领域。而纳米科技一般系指利用数个纳米至数十个纳米的观察与操作技术，制作出具有该尺度的各种功能新颖的构造体，将其制作成各种不同领域与制程整合并加以利用的技术。 The so-called nanometer scale is one billion of a meter, is about eight. The diameter of a human hair a, equivalent to ten hydrogen atoms in diameter. The field of nano science and technology, microelectronics, computer engineering covers the material, chemical engineering, chemistry, physics, medicine, aerospace, energy, environment and biology etc. Nano technology generally refers to the use of observation and operation technology of several nanometers to tens of nanometers, produce structure equipped with various functions of the scale of the novel, it is made into different fields and process integration and utilization technology.当材料结构小到纳米尺寸时，材料中的晶粒大小介于一到十纳米范围的间。一般定义晶粒或颗粒直径小于100纳米的粒子称为纳米晶。当超威粉粒直径、薄膜厚度或孔隙直径从微米减小至纳米等级，具有与一般固体晶相或非晶质结构不同的原子结构；且有与传统晶粒或非晶质材料不同的性质，这些材料结构已小于可见光的波长，其表面原子所占全体原子的比例将快速增加，故其表面未饱和键数很多，使得纳米具有极高的表面活性，因此表面能量占全体总能量的比例也快速增加，其具有大表面积的特殊效应，又因其固体表面原子的热与化学稳定性比内部的原子要差得多，造成此表面原子有催化剂的作用。目前我们所使用的材料结构尺寸已经缩小到器件所利用的物理原理即将失效的阶段，科学家们预测这些物理原理的适用性再撑不过十年，由于纳米结构材料，仍有很多的新化学性质及物理性质，例如材料强度、模数、延性、磨耗性质、磁特性、表面催化性以及腐蚀行为等，会随着粒径大小不同而发生变化，也就是说如果我们想要利用纳米材料结构，不只需要找出更好的材料、更简便和可信度高的生产方法，同时也必须了解其新物理和化学性质，想出新运用的原理，并且可以做出When the material structure of small to nano size, material in the grain size is between one to ten nanometer range. The general definition of grain or particle diameter less than 100 nm particles called nanocrystals. When the Chaowei powder particle diameter, film thickness and pore diameter decreased from micron to nanometer level, with the general solid crystalline or amorphous structure of different atomic structure; and with the traditional crystal or amorphous materials with different properties, the material structure is smaller than the wavelength of visible light, the surface atoms occupied all the atoms the proportion will increase rapidly, so the surface unsaturated bond number, making the nanometer surface activity with high, so the surface energy accounted for the proportion of total energy increases rapidly, the special effect has a large surface area, and because of thermal and chemical stability of the solid surface atoms than the internal atomic much worse the cause of the surface atoms, a catalyst. The physical principle of material we use the structure size has shrunk to device the impending failure stage, scientists predict the applicability of these physical principles hold only ten years, nanostructured materials, there are still new chemical properties and physical properties of many, such as material strength, modulus, ductility, wear properties, magnetic properties, catalytic surface and corrosion behavior, with different size and change, that is to say if we want to use nano material structure, not only need to find better material, more simple and reliable method of production, but also must understand its physical and chemical properties, the principle to come up with new application, and can make a纳米科技不只可以应用在电子信息工业上，在生物和医学上也一样有用。当我们有一天能区分出健康和患病者DNA基因内码排列的差异性时，也许可利用纳米技术来加以修正；生物芯片因为结构微小，其侦测灵敏度特别的高，只需要极少量分子即能检验出病因，现在我们生病时所做生理检查总是避免不了验血、验尿、验一大堆东西，有些检验还得等好几天的细菌培养，生物芯片一旦发展成功，小小的一片，从分子生物学出发，一次便可做多种检验，且不到几分钟或几秒钟便能全部完成；当然制造小医疗器件，把它注入体内做长期医疗工作也是发展方向之一，器件小会减少对其他器官正常作用的干扰。另外在基础生物医学方面，生物分子如何作用也可用纳米技术做非常细微的分析，即以了解其作用机制，预料利用纳米技术，有一天科学家可以测量单一分子的光谱和键能，也可切割或连结某一特定的分子键，一个分子马达如何的旋转，还有一个蛋白分子如何的松缩等现象也都可利用原子力显微镜等显微技术直接观察研究。 Nano technology not only can be applied in the electronic information industry, in biology and medicine are the same. One day when we have to distinguish between healthy and diseased difference arrangement of DNA gene code sex, perhaps can be corrected by utilizing nanotechnology; biochip because small, its detection sensitivity is particularly high, only a very small molecules that can test out the cause, now I get sick when the physical check is always a blood test, urinalysis, avoid experience a lot of things, some tests have to wait several days of bacterial culture, biological chip once the successful development, a small, from the point of view of molecular biology, a can do a variety of inspection, and in a few minutes or seconds can be completed; of course, small medical device manufacturing, put it into the body to do long-term medical work is one of the developing direction of devices, will reduce the interference to other organs of normal function. In addition to the basic biomedical, biomolecular interaction analysis how to do very fine available nanotechnology, to understand its mechanism of action, is expected to use nanotechnology, one day scientists can measure the single molecule spectroscopy and bond energy, can also be cut or link to a specific molecular bond, a molecular motor how rotation, and a protein molecule to loose shrinkage can be directly observed by atomic force microscopy and microscopy.纳米科技与一般科技不同的处是其科学和技术已经汇合在一起，无法分辨。现在我们对纳米尺寸材料结构的物化性质了解仍然有限，要研究它们，必须先寻找新材料，开发新制造技术，想出新运用原理，并建造尖端量测与观察显微仪，此些仪器的建造经验会直接帮助纳米组件生产技术的开发。台湾在生产深次微米半导体组件方面经验累积堪称为世界级，只要有健全的纳米科学基础研究作后盾，不需要从头开始，故我们在纳米科技产品的开发上比其他国家应更具优势。纳米科技的发展将会使台湾半导体工业从代工升级到领先地位。纳米科学的研究不只是新知识的追求和探讨，高级研发人才的训练，也会对国家的振兴经济和产业升级做出重要贡献。Nano technology is different from the general science and technology office is the science and technology have come together, can not distinguish. We now know of nano-sized materials structure properties are still limited, to study them, we must first look for new materials, development of new manufacturing technology, come up with new principles, and the construction of sophisticated measurement and microscopic observation instrument, the instrument construction experience will directly help the development of nano components production